What are the characteristics of Beijing Bird's Nest building?

Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Opening Ceremony Stadium! The external structure of "Bird's Nest" is mainly composed of huge portal steel frame, with 24 truss columns, 20 truss columns and 2 lower columns have been hoisted. The top of the National Stadium is saddle-shaped, with a major axis of 332.3 meters, a minor axis of 296.4 meters, a height of 68.5 meters at the highest point and a height of 42.8 meters at the lowest point ... On the premise of keeping the architectural style of the "Bird's Nest" unchanged, the new design scheme has greatly adjusted and optimized the structural layout, building cross-sectional form and material utilization rate. The openable roof in the original design scheme was cancelled, the opening of the roof was increased, and the steel consumption was greatly reduced by optimizing the steel structure. The long-span roof is supported on 24 truss columns with an interval of 37.96 meters. The main trusses are radially arranged around the opening in the middle of the roof, and 22 main trusses are straight or nearly straight. In order to avoid too complicated joints, a few main trusses are truncated near the inner ring. A large number of steel structures are box-shaped members welded by steel plates, and the cross-arranged main trusses, together with the substructure of the roof and facade, form a special architectural shape of "Bird's Nest". The main stand adopts reinforced concrete frame-shear wall structure system, which is completely separated from long-span steel structure. The Bird's Nest is the main stadium of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The design of the giant stadium, which was completed by Plic Prize winners Herzog and De Mellon in cooperation with China architects on 200 1, looks like a "bird's nest" that breeds life, more like a cradle, and bears the hope of mankind for the future. The designer did not do any unnecessary treatment to the National Stadium, but frankly exposed the structure, thus naturally forming the appearance of the building. Speaking of Q460 steel, most people may not understand it. The structural design of "Bird's Nest" is strange and novel, and the steel structure Q460 built this time has many unique features: Q460 is a low-alloy high-strength steel, which will only undergo plastic deformation when the stress intensity reaches 460 MPa, which is greater than that of ordinary steel, so it is very difficult to produce. This is the first time that Q460 steel has been used in building structures in China. The thickness of the steel plate used this time is 1 10 mm, which is unique in the past. In the national standard, the maximum thickness of Q460 is only100 mm. In the past, this kind of steel was generally imported from Luxembourg, South Korea and Japan. In order to provide a "suitable" Q460 for the Bird's Nest, from September 2004, the researchers of Henan Wuyang Special Steel began to tackle scientific and technological problems for more than half a year, and the trial production was finally successful three times. Nowadays, mass production of Q460 steel for "Bird's Nest" has begun. In 2008, 400 tons of domestic Q460 steel with independent innovation and intellectual property rights will support the "Bird's Nest". In addition, the hoisting of the main truss in the inner ring of the roof and the installation of the substructure of the facade have been fully launched. The thickness of steel used in the "Bird's Nest" steel structure can reach 1 1 cm, which has never been produced in China. In addition, a translucent film will be pasted on the outer surface of the grid structure at the top of the "Bird's Nest". After using this film, the light in the stadium is not direct, but diffuse, making the light softer. Diffused light can also solve the maintenance problem of the stadium lawn, and also has the function of shielding the seat from wind and rain. Many people who have seen the design model of the "Bird's Nest" describe it as a warm bird's nest made of a stadium with a capacity of 65,438+10,000 people and a branch-like steel net! The "nest" used to nurture and take care of life places human hopes for the future. The components of the whole stadium structure support each other to form a grid-like frame, which looks like a bird's nest woven with branches. Its gray mineral-like steel mesh is covered with transparent film material, which includes a khaki bowl-shaped stadium stand. Here, the hollow-out technology, ceramic lines, the red brilliance and enthusiasm in China traditional culture are perfectly integrated with the most advanced modern steel structure design. The whole building is connected by a huge net structure, and there are no columns inside. The grandstand is a complete bowl shape, without any shelter, like a huge container, which brings incredible drama and unparalleled shock to the stadium. This even and continuous ring will also give the audience the best view, stimulate their excitement and inspire athletes to sprint faster, higher and stronger. Here, people are truly given a central position. More subtly, the "Bird's Nest" slightly raised the outdoor terrain of the whole stadium, and placed many ancillary facilities under the terrain, which not only avoided the huge investment consumed by underground excavation, but also landed slowly at the edge of the outdoor square, and built 2,000 open-air seats in the warm-up venue according to the situation, which was organically integrated with the surrounding environment and saved investment again. Guan Guan, chairman of the judging committee and academician of China Academy of Engineering, commented that this building has no redundant treatment, and everything has an image because of its function, and the architectural form and structural details are naturally unified. The jury and many other architectural experts agreed that the "Bird's Nest" will not only set up a unique historic landmark for the 2008 Olympic Games, but also be of pioneering significance in the history of world architectural development, and will provide historical testimony for the development of China and the world architecture in the 2nd/kloc-0th century. It is not easy to design and build the "Bird's Nest", and it is even more difficult to make the "Bird's Nest" full of vigor and vitality in the future. According to reports, the concept of thrifty hosting the Olympic Games and sustainable development has been running through the design of the "Bird's Nest" at the beginning and in the process of deepening the design. On the premise of meeting the Olympic functions, the balance between permanent facilities and temporary facilities should be fully considered. According to the requirements, the Bird's Nest has 654.38+million seats, of which 80,000 are permanent and the other 20,000 are temporarily added during the Olympic Games. On this basis, the function of the "Bird's Nest" is combined with the future orientation of the surrounding areas and even the long-term development planning of the whole city. According to the established planning scheme, the central area of the Olympic Park where the "Bird's Nest" is located will become a civic activity center integrating sports competitions, conferences and exhibitions, culture and entertainment, business and leisure shopping. As the main stadium of Beijing Olympic Games, the "Bird's Nest" will become one of the landmark buildings in Beijing, and it will also become a hot spot for people to visit and travel for a long time. At the same time, in the design and construction of the "Bird's Nest", great efforts have been made in the versatility of the site and space to improve the utilization efficiency of the site. In addition to undertaking the opening and closing ceremonies and sports competitions, it will also meet the needs of fitness, business, exhibitions and performances, laying a solid foundation for the successful implementation of "post-Olympic development". As the main stadium of Beijing Olympic Games, the National Stadium will adopt solar photovoltaic power generation system. Green Olympics, high-tech Olympics and people's Olympics are the three major themes of Beijing Olympic Games. Suntech's solar photovoltaic power generation system is located in the Bird's Nest, which integrates clean and environmentally friendly solar power generation with the National Stadium. It is not only an excellent embodiment of the three themes of the Beijing Olympic Games, but also plays a positive role in promoting the use of green energy, effectively controlling and reducing air pollution in Beijing and surrounding areas, and advocating a green lifestyle. At present, the technology of solar photovoltaic power generation system is at the advanced level in the world. The solar power generation system is independently developed by Wuxi Suntech Solar Power Co., Ltd. and exclusively provided to the National Stadium. It is installed on the main channel of the National Stadium 12, with a total investment of100,000 yuan and a total capacity of 130 kW, which will be a good supplement to the power supply of the National Stadium.