What are the characteristics of ancient textile technology in China?

China weaving originated from the spinning wheel and waist machine in the Neolithic Age 5000 years ago. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, simple looms, spinning wheels and looms with traditional properties appeared one after another. Jacquard machines and oblique looms were widely used in Han Dynasty. After the Tang Dynasty, China's textile machinery became more and more perfect, which greatly promoted the development of the textile industry.

Second, the diversification of textile raw materials.

The development of textile processing technology in ancient and modern times is designed according to textile raw materials, so raw materials occupy an important position in textile processing. In ancient times, all the fibers used in textile in the world were natural fibers, generally three kinds of short fibers: wool, hemp and cotton. For example, the only fibers used for textile in the Mediterranean region are wool and flax. Cotton used to be used in the Indian Peninsula. In addition to these three kinds of fibers, silk, a long fiber, was widely used in ancient China.

Silk is the best, longest and thinnest textile fiber among all natural fibers, and can be used to weave all kinds of complex jacquard fabrics. The extensive use of silk fiber greatly promoted the progress of textile processing and machinery in ancient China, thus making silk production technology the most distinctive and representative textile technology in ancient China.

product

The most famous textile in China is silk. Silk trade promoted the cultural exchange and traffic development between the East and the West, and indirectly affected the commerce and military affairs of the West. According to different production methods, it can be divided into six categories: thread, belt, rope, woven fabric, knitted fabric and non-woven fabric. Among them, fabrics are divided into flax, gauze, cotton cloth, silk and so on.

Extended data:

history

Bone needles were found in the Paleolithic cave sites in China, which is the earliest known textile producing area, long before pottery making. Hemp rope, flax and other hemp fabrics are the earliest textiles made by human beings. The earliest Egyptian linen fabric can be traced back to 4000 BC, and the kudzu fabric unearthed from Caoxie Mountain in China and Jiangsu in 3600 BC. Silk fragments unearthed from Yangshao Cultural Site in Qingtai Village, Henan Province, dating back 5,500 years, are the earliest silk found in China.

In the Neolithic Age, the invention of the spinning wheel made silk smelting more convenient. Primitive textile machinery appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty: spinning wheels and rollers. Jacquard was invented in the Han Dynasty. Huang Daopo was a famous textile expert in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Song Yingxing compiled Tiangong Wu Kai and incorporated textile technology into it.

In the early days of the British industrial revolution, there were factories with detailed division of labor. However, the cotton yarn produced by 6-8 weavers can only supply 1 weavers, which has caused the so-called "yarn shortage".

An English weaver named james hargreaves invented a new spinning machine. He named this machine after his daughter, which is the famous Jenny spinning machine. The improvement and invention of the new spinning machine promoted the development of British textile industry, and indirectly affected the occurrence of Gandhi's non-cooperative movement in India in the future.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-textile