What is the earliest watercolor painting in the world?

The earliest watercolor painting in the world was a large lawn painted by German painter Diu Lei in the 6th century.

A brief history of watercolor painting

The first chapter is a brief history of watercolor painting

Watercolor painting, in people's minds, has always been regarded as a foreign art. Because it has been circulating in Britain for a long time, Britain has always been regarded as the birthplace of watercolor painting in the world.

According to historical records, the earliest English watercolor painting can be traced back to the late 6th century/kloc-0, about 400 years ago.

However, it is found that during the European Renaissance, the German painter Diu Lei (147 1- 1528) began to paint with watercolors as early as the end of 15 and the beginning of 16. Some of his small watercolors with elegant colors are "A bouquet of primroses". /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/7th century, the independence of the Netherlands brought about commercial and cultural prosperity. For this reason, some exquisite and elegant watercolors depicting the Dutch scenery appeared in the market in Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands, and were deeply loved by people. At that time, Dutch painting became the peak of the world's fine arts ranks, which had a far-reaching impact on Britain, France and other countries.

Watercolor painting, as an independent painting, can compete with oil painting at that time and has been passed down to this day, but it is still in Britain. Some European painters don't take this art form as seriously as British painters. After long-term efforts, British watercolor painters overcame some discrimination before establishing their due position. It was not until the 20th century 1943 that the prestigious Royal Society of British Art accepted the first watercolor painter as a full member.

Although watercolor painting is in a high artistic field in Britain, its expression form and pigment production have developed very slowly.

In fact, the embryonic form of watercolor painting appeared in Europe from the 4th century to the Renaissance. That is to say, the first letter of the first word in each chapter of this book, some manuals used by nobles, books of herbs and other plants are all decorated with hand-painted small illustrations. These paintings are all drawn on the manuscripts of pens (quills) soaked with water, which are very slim. Later, in order to thicken the pigment and attach it to the paper, egg white, soluble Arabic gum, honey and glycerin were further added, and then the pigment was gradually made into paste or block. It took a long time from the present system to the present painting and then to a little preservation.

In English works from16th century to18th century, although painters knew to add coagulants when making pigments, the pigments made of these substances were easy to turn yellow, so many painters at that time often painted in one color, either black or light gray green or gray blue. They first drew delicate lines with pens (quill pens), and then painted monochrome shadows on the manuscript.

With the evolution of history, by the18th century, Britain gradually rose to become a major capitalist country in Europe. The progress of industry, military and science and technology has promoted the development of culture and art, and British watercolor painting has also made corresponding progress in this situation.

The appearance of "topographic painting" virtually promoted the color skills of watercolor painting. Paul sandby, known as the "father of watercolor painting", made constant attempts in pigment manufacturing and painting techniques. He and his brother Thomas Sandeby (Thomas Sandby1721-1798) both tried. He has served as a military observer and a cartographer of royal topography and scenery. In a large number of topographic paintings, he has made in-depth observation and research on nature, especially the description of the sky, grasslands, trees, rocks and buildings, which shows that watercolor painting has been able to express the ability of sunshine and air. Of course, before and after them, or at that time, there were many painters engaged in topographic painting, but they only had documentary characteristics in content and could not be confused with appreciative watercolor painting, while paul sandby showed a new trend in color and watercolor painting performance techniques.

1in the late 8th century, Thomas Gilding (1775- 1802) and others continued their efforts on the basis of Paul Sandeby's achievements, trying to reform and get rid of the inherent painting methods in the past, and gradually changed from the traditional cool color to the warm color or related color, or changed the background color. It can be said that Gilding. Although he only lived for 27 years, the color reform of British watercolor painting has begun to take shape since he started, and gold plating has a great influence on later watercolor painters.

After Gilding's death, the appearance of superstar Richard Bonington (1802- 1828) further laid the color foundation of English watercolor painting and made it mature. When I was a teenager, I moved to Paris with my family, and later became close friends with the French romantic master Euana de Lacroix (1798- 1863). He also created the conditions for studying and researching in the Louvre, which made his landscape painting regarded as a revolution of works in France. Therefore, his watercolor painting became the originator of French watercolor painting and won many awards in France. When he returned to England from 65438 to 0827, he was still unknown. Excessive diligence prematurely ended his life and was recognized by the motherland before his death. His paintings, such as Under the Cliff and Amun Temple, are very similar to some modern works.

Joseph Malarde William Turner (1775- 185 1), born in the same year as Gilding, is an important painter in the history of western art. He is not only famous for his oil painting, but also a master in the history of British watercolor painting. Terrain painting and the works of other painters in the18th century became the starting point of his art, and his bold experiments in color made him achieve innovative results in the field of watercolor painting. /kloc-entered the royal academy of fine arts at the age of 0/4 and became an academician of the royal academy of fine arts at the age of 27. His artistic path is relatively smooth. He created a large number of watercolors and oil paintings in his life, and many works with seascape as the theme. When he died, he left a lot of watercolors and oil paintings, which were donated to the National Gallery.

John constable (1776- 1837), who is as famous as William Turner, is also a great master in the history of western art. His oil paintings and watercolors are also famous. He took the scenery of his hometown as his creative theme all his life, but he only used watercolor painting as the material to record and study nature, and was not paid attention to as a watercolor painter before his death. It was not until this century that he became a painter who painted watercolors for people.

From the perspective of summary and research, after experiencing Bonington, Turner and constable, the color, technique and painting style of English watercolor painting have become increasingly mature, especially in the works, the scientific role of light in color and the distinctiveness of personal painting style have been clearly demonstrated. Of course, a large number of watercolor painters who appeared at the same time or successively with them made great contributions to the history of British watercolor painting.

For example, John Varldy's theoretical teaching achievements (John Woy1781-1873); John Searle Coatman (worker Ohn sellcatman1782-1842) has a decorative, transparent and light style; Peter de winter's (1784- 1849) delicate and lyrical works; David Kirks (1783- 1859) is a pioneer in the history of English watercolor painting. Until the 20th century, the characteristics and features of watercolor painting have been familiar to people, and various reforms have been carried out on the original basis.

The history of cultural and artistic exchanges between China and the West is earlier. As early as A.D. 127 1 year, an outstanding Italian traveler, Kyle Poirot (0254- 1324), had spread handicrafts and paintings from western Europe to China. With the spread of religion, Italian missionary Matteo Ricci 1550- 16 10 brought some watercolor prints when he came to China. /kloc-at the beginning of the 8th century, Lang Shining (65438), an Italian painter and member of Jesus. Later, Jiang Youyi, a French missionary who was good at watercolor painting, came to Beijing. Before and after this, diplomatic missions and business groups from some European countries came to China, among which there were many British watercolor painters. It can be said that western watercolor painting has been introduced to China and developed in China for more than one hundred years.