How did China become the world's number one in all fields?

China 1 1 has been the largest manufacturing country in the world for years. How is this done? In the new era of great change, what challenges will COVID-19 epidemic and trade friction bring to China's manufacturing industry?

On the above issues, the reporter of China News Service interviewed the director and professor of the Center for World Politics Studies of the Foreign Affairs University. Prior to this, three books, Hub-China 3000, Spillover-China's Future Historical Manufacturing and Breaking the Cocoon-Isolation, Trust and the Future, became best-selling social science works and attracted academic attention.

"The external factor for China to become the world's number one is mainly the adjustment of the global economic structure, and China just stepped on the right time." According to the monitor, firstly, the innovative economic restructuring in Europe and America in the mid-1990s has generated a large-scale outsourcing demand, which China has the ability to undertake; secondly, China's entry into WTO has opened the global market to China, boosting China's manufacturing to become stronger.

As for the internal factors, it is generally believed that China's perfect industrial categories, huge market space, complete supporting facilities and high-quality industrial workers are the reasons for the continuous growth and rapid development of China's manufacturing industry.

"The efforts of the people of China can hardly be compared with those of other countries, and there is a strong government. These factors together form a strong' supply chain network', which reduces the comprehensive cost of China's manufacturing industry to a very low level. " Display said that the supply chain network is not a simple addition of many factories, but requires more systematic and ecological cooperation. After reaching a huge scale, it will promote the qualitative change of cost control logic, which is difficult for other countries to compete with.

But big is not equal to strong, and China has a clear understanding of the development level of manufacturing industry. Miao Wei, former Minister of Industry and Information Technology of China, said that China is still in the third echelon of global manufacturing, and it will take about 30 years to become a manufacturing power.

Display believes that the shortcomings made in China are not only obvious shortcomings in high-end equipment, but also lack of technical ability and independent innovation ability. There are many shortcomings in China's basic research and core technology, especially the lack of innovation from 0 to 1. In these respects, China still has a long way to go.

The epidemic situation in COVID-19 and trade friction exposed the shortage of China's industrial chain supply chain. Recently, China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said that it will sort out 4/kloc-0 industrial categories and subcategories to find "blank spots", "strong chains" and "complementary chains" in the supply chain of the industrial chain.

Wei Shi believes that it is necessary to solve the key "sticking neck" pain point from the perspective of safety, but it is not necessary to pursue independent mastery of all links. Those links that are stuck in the neck are actually interdependent between countries, as long as there are countermeasures in the most critical links.

The pain point of sticking the neck is security, but most economic links do not involve sticking the neck, they are only economic problems. As far as economic issues are concerned, all countries should develop according to their comparative advantages, which is the most efficient.

Looking back at the development of global manufacturing industry in the 20th century, the central position of manufacturing industry is constantly shifting, from Europe and America to Japan and South Korea, to the Four Little Dragons in Asia, and then to China. Can China continue to maintain this position?

Through in-depth investigation of Vietnam's manufacturing industry, the exhibition team believes that only transferring factories without transferring supply chain networks cannot constitute a substantial industrial transfer. No overseas country can undertake such a large-scale supply chain network transfer in China. "Due to trade friction, China's supply chain network has not encountered substantial challenges," the exhibition said.

If anything can change the global manufacturing pattern, it will be a technological revolution. The monitor thinks that a new round of technological revolution is imminent, but it is still a single breakthrough at present, and there is no * * * vibration node in many fields, but more and more signs show that this * * * vibration effect is coming out. For China, how to release the innovative vitality of society and ensure that it will not fall behind in the new round of scientific and technological revolution is very important.