What changes have taken place in the diet structure of China people in the past 30 to 40 years? What's the impact?

China's traditional diet is favored because of its long history, rich cultural connotation and rooted in China folk tourism culture. The traditional dietary structure of the Chinese nation is broad, obedient and coordinated, which not only adapts to the organizational structure of human digestive tract, but also meets the needs of comprehensive nutrition of human physiology, which is helpful to human health and ethnic reproduction, and can also make rational use of existing natural agricultural resources to a greater extent and improve the utilization efficiency of food resources. However, China's traditional dietary structure is not perfect, so we can't be blindly optimistic. We should treat it objectively and scientifically and improve it to improve the overall health level of the people.

1 Comparison with other dietary patterns in the world

There are three famous dietary patterns in the world. They are western, eastern and Mediterranean dietary patterns. See table 1 for all kinds of foods consumed by these three dietary structures.

1. 1 western dietary structure

In the dietary structure represented by western developed countries, there are too few cereals, while animal food and sugar account for a large proportion, so dietary nutrition has the characteristics of high calorie, high fat (cholesterol) and high protein. The advantage of this dietary structure is that animal food accounts for a large proportion, and high-quality protein accounts for a high proportion in the dietary structure. At the same time, the utilization rate of inorganic salts in animal foods is generally high, and the contents of fat-soluble vitamins and B vitamins are also high. Its disadvantage is too much sugar and too much heat supply, which is an important factor for the frequent occurrence of "rich diseases".

1.2 dietary structure of orientals

The oriental diet structure represented by China is dominated by plant food, supplemented by animal food, and most of the food has not been carefully processed. Its advantages are:

① The diet structure is mainly cereals. Because of the high carbohydrate content in cereals, carbohydrates are the most economical and main source of heat energy.

Rich vegetables and coarse grains make people eat a lot of dietary fiber, so the incidence of digestive system diseases and intestinal cancer is extremely low.

③ The intake of beans and bean products supplemented some high-quality protein and calcium.

4 drink less tea, eat less fruits and sweets, and reduce the excessive intake of sugar.

⑤ Seasonings are rich, such as onion, ginger, garlic, pepper, vinegar, etc. It has many functions, such as sterilization, reducing blood fat, stimulating appetite and helping digestion.

Insufficient:

① Insufficient intake of milk and dairy products. Milk has high nutritional value and is the best source of calcium.

② Lack of lean beef, lean mutton, fish and other animal foods leads to insufficient intake of high-quality protein.

③ High salt intake. The average daily salt intake of Chinese residents is 13.5g, which is far from the standard that the average daily salt intake per person is less than 6g proposed by the World Health Organization in the Recommendations for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension and Coronary Heart Disease. Excessive drinking.

1.3 Mediterranean diet structure

Relevant research and statistical reports show that countries along the Mediterranean represented by Greece (including Portugal, Spain, France, Italy and other countries 14) have the lowest incidence and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer, and their average life expectancy is higher than that of the west 17%. Its dietary structure is characterized by: