Exotic customs handbook information

Social customs

Emphasis on the splendor of the dress and the renewal of the style. Women regard make-up and beauty as a necessity of life. They have a strong sense of time, plan their work well, and follow the principle of "ladies first". Customary handshake, have a certain social status of people to kiss the hand salute. Young girls often curtsy. Between men and women, women and men, and the habit of kissing on the cheek. Do not want others to ask about personal matters in socializing. The giving of perfume to women and the giving of gifts at the first meeting are frowned upon.

Taboos

Most are Catholic. Avoid "13" and "Friday". Avoid yellow and dark green. Avoid peacocks and cranes. Chrysanthemums, azaleas and walnuts are considered ominous. Loves arts and entertainment.

Dietary characteristics

French people will eat, but also pay attention to eat. French cuisine is popular all over the world. French people like to eat snails and frog legs, the most expensive dish is foie gras. Like to drink wine. French food is characterized by freshness and tenderness. French people also like Chinese food very much.

Clothing

French fashion in the world enjoys a great reputation, the selection of materials, excellent, bold design, production technology, so that the French fashion has been leading the world fashion trends. In Paris, there are 2,000 fashion stores, the owners of the slogan is: "fashion does not sell the second". And in the street, almost can not see two women wearing exactly the same clothing. Currently the most famous haute couture are: "Jilaijie", "Barangay Shaka", "Jiwangxi", "Chanel ", "Dior", "Cardin" and St. Laurent". In recent years, especially notable is the Parisian women's dresses, its style. The newness of the styles is difficult to see in other countries. The French are the smallest part of their income to wear the European countries, the French people are generally very aware of the appreciation of clothing, but also accept the cheaper and less elaborate imitations.

Small Animals

Today's French families, the small animals are doubly favored, not to spend a lot of money to buy feed. More than half of the families keep a variety of small animals, the total number of heads of more than 30 million. 1/3 of the families keep dogs, the number of dogs has nearly 40,000. Various dog hospitals and dog clothing stores are commonplace. Animals not only bring fun to the French people, but also cause certain disasters. In France, there are more than 500,000 cases of dog injuries every year.

Etiquette

France is a civilized and polite country. Being modest and polite to women is a proud French tradition. The French meet and greet each other, there is no more common way than shaking hands. However, when shaking hands, one is to hold time should not be too long, and secondly, there is no need to hold people's hands vigorously shaking. Generally, women extend their hands to men first, and older people extend their hands to younger people first. Superiors to subordinates reach out first.

Kisses

France was the first country to recognize kisses as a sign of affection. The French have strict boundaries for kisses: they are sticking to the face or cheeks when they see their friends, relatives and colleagues who have met after a long time, and elders are kissing their foreheads to their juniors, and only kissing on the mouth or kissing between lovers and couples.

Wedding customs

Before getting engaged, the ceremony is simple, and the woman's parents usually invite the man's parents and siblings to a banquet, and other relatives, or even one or two close friends, may be invited to attend at the same time. Weddings have been gradually simplified, but are still the grandest of family festivals, with a solemn and sacred color. Weddings are celebrated by the mayor or one of his deputies, customarily on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. The wedding is celebrated by the mayor or one of his deputies. After the wedding feast. In some places in rural France, a property marriage contract is signed and notarized before the wedding. The marriage contract should be written in all the property of the fiancé and the couple, the fiancée's dowry and the fiancé's estate. Marriage age commemoration has become a festive custom in folklore. A woman may remarry after 300 days of widowhood or after 300 days of declared separation from her husband, while there is no time limit for men.

Spirit's Day

Spirit's Day is celebrated on November 1 every year, which is equivalent to the Qingming Festival in China. It is customary for the French to go to cemeteries on this day to pay tribute to the memory of martyrs who died for their country. St. Catherine's Day Paris "older young women" holiday. Every year on November 25, the day, over 25 years of age and not yet married girls to the statue of Caterina to lay a bouquet of flowers, and then to the big boutiques to dance, drinking and revelry, and finally chose a most beautiful girl as the queen of the festival.

Dining habits

The French regard cooking as an art, and French cuisine is indeed a global phenomenon. Three meals a day in France are usually organized in this way. Breakfast: bread, coffee, hot chocolate; Lunch: Lunch is the most important meal for the French, usually around 1:00 p.m., and dinner after nine o'clock. The French social meal usually lasts more than two hours, starting with an appetizer, then fish or spaghetti, and then the main course, which is accompanied by many lettuces, salads, cheeses, fruits, and sometimes sweet snacks, and after-dinner coffee is also essential.

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Overview

Location: Located in the southwestern part of the Eastern Hemisphere, the land spans north and south of the equator, with part of the northwestern part of the country extending into the Western Hemisphere. East of the Indian Ocean, west of the Atlantic Ocean, north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar and Europe, the northeast corner of the narrow Red Sea and the Suez Canal adjacent to Asia.

Continental name interpretation: Africa is "Africa Africa" short. The Greek word "Africa" means hot sunshine. Equator across the middle of Africa, Africa 3 / 4 of the land by the sun's vertical radiation, the average annual temperature of 20 degrees Celsius above the tropical accounted for 95% of the continent, of which more than half of the region hot all year round, it is called "Africa".

Area: About 30.2 million square kilometers (including nearby islands). It accounts for about 20.2% of the world's total land area and is the second largest continent in the world after Asia.

Population: In 2000, the population reached 794 million, accounting for 12.9% of the world's total population, ranking second in the world. Among them, black people accounted for about two-thirds of the total population.

Africa's natural growth rate is the highest in the world. Population distribution is extremely unbalanced, along the Nile and the delta region, about 1,000 people per square kilometer. Sahara, Namib, Kalahadi and other deserts and some arid grasslands, semi-desert areas less than 1 person per square kilometer. There are also large areas of no-man's land.

Race: Most of the inhabitants belong to the black race, the rest belong to the white and yellow, Africa is the world's most complex racial composition of the continent. There are more than 700 ethnic groups and tribes in Africa.

Language: Their language is very complex, including the dialect of the local language there are about 1500 kinds. They are generally of the Niger-Kordofan, Nilo-Saharan, Afro-Asian, and Khoisan language families.

Religion: Primitive religions and Islam are practiced, while Catholicism and Christianity are practiced by a few.

RANGE: The mainland extends from Cape Hafun (10°27′ N, 51°24′ E) in the east to Cape Mount Eccles (34°51′ S, 20°02′ E) in the south to Cape Verde (14°45′ N, 17°33′ W) in the west, and from Cape Giran (Cape Bensaica) (37°21′ N, 9°50′ E) in the north.

Political Regions and Countries

Africa currently has 56 countries and territories. Geographically, it is customary to divide Africa into five regions: North Africa, East Africa, West Africa, Central Africa and South Africa. North Africa usually includes Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Azores, Madeira. East Africa usually includes Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Seychelles. West Africa usually includes Mauritania, Western Sahara, Senegal, Gambia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Sierra Leone, Liberia, C?te d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria and the Canary Islands. Central Africa usually includes Chad, Central Africa, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo*** and Sao Tome and Principe. Southern Africa usually includes Zambia, Angola, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, Madagascar, Comoros, Mauritius, Réunion, and St. Helena.

Economy

The production of gold, diamond, iron, manganese, apatite, bauxite, copper, uranium, tin, and petroleum all occupy an important position in the world. Light industry is dominated by the processing of agricultural and livestock products and textiles. The timber industry has a certain foundation, and there are more timber factories. Heavy industries include metallurgy, machinery, metal processing, chemistry and cement, marble quarrying, diamond faceting, rubber products and other sectors. Agriculture plays an important role in the national economies of African countries and is the mainstay of most countries' economies. Africa has a wide variety of food crops, including wheat, rice, maize, millet, sorghum, potatoes, etc., as well as specialties such as cassava, plantains, dates, yams and edible plantains. African cash crops, especially tropical cash crops in the world occupies an important position, cotton, sisal, peanuts, oil palm, cashew nuts, sesame, coffee, cocoa, sugar cane, tobacco, natural rubber, cloves and other production are very high. Frankincense, myrrh, karite fruit, kola and alpha grass are crops unique to Africa. Animal husbandry is developing fast, with a large number of livestock heads, but the commodity rate of livestock products is low, and the operation is rough and backward. Fishery resources are abundant, but fishery production still remains at the stage of manual operation, and freshwater fishery has developed rapidly in recent years. Africa is a relatively backward continent in the world's transportation industry, and has not yet formed a complete transportation system. Most of the transportation routes extend from the coastal ports to the hinterland and are isolated from each other. Transportation is mainly by road, and there are other modes such as railroads and sea transport. South Africa*** and the country, the Maghreb and other regions are more developed areas of transportation in Africa. Sahara, Kalahadi and other regions is no modern transportation lines of the blank area. At present, Africa has about more than 1.3 million kilometers of roads and about 78,000 kilometers of railroads. Inland waterways are about 52,000 kilometers navigable. The sea transportation industry occupies an important position. The aviation industry is developing fast.

Natural Geography

CoastlineThe continental coastline is 30,500 kilometers long. The coast is relatively straight and lacks bays and peninsulas. Africa has the smallest number of islands of any continent in the world. In addition to Madagascar (the world's fourth largest island), the rest are mostly small islands. The total area of the islands is about 620,000 square kilometers, accounting for less than 3% of the total area of the continent. The African continent is wide in the north and narrow in the south, in the shape of an unequal triangle. The longest north-south about 8,000 kilometers, the widest east-west about 7,500 kilometers. Africa is a plateau continent, the terrain is relatively flat, the obvious mountain ranges are limited to the north and south ends. The average altitude of the whole continent is 750 meters. Plateaus with an altitude of 500,000 meters account for more than 60% of the continent. Above 2,000 meters above sea level, mountains and plateaus account for about 5% of the continent. Plains with an altitude of less than 200 meters are mostly found along the coastal strip. The terrain is roughly bounded by a line from the mouth of the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo*** and the country to the northern edge of the Ethiopian plateau, with the south-eastern half being higher and the north-western half lower. The south-eastern half of the country is known as High Africa, with an altitude of more than 1,000 meters above sea level, including the Ethiopian Plateau (above 2,000 meters above sea level, known as the "Roof of Africa"), the East African Plateau and the South African Plateau, on which there is the Kalahadi Basin. The northwestern half of Africa is known as low Africa, the altitude is more than 500 meters below, most of the low plateau and basin, there are the upper Nile basin, the Congo basin and Chad basin and so on. Africa's taller mountain ranges mostly stand in the coastal belt of the plateau, the northwest coast of the Atlas Mountains; southeast coast of the Drakensberg Mountains; the east of Mount Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro. Mount Kilimanjaro is an active volcano, 5,895 meters above sea level, the highest peak in Africa. Eastern Africa has the world's largest Rift Valley Belt, the eastern branch of the Rift Valley Belt south from the mouth of the Shire River, through Lake Malawi, northward across the central East African plateau and the central Ethiopian plateau, through the Red Sea to the northern part of the Dead Sea, about 6,400 kilometers; Rift Valley Belt west south of the northwestern end of Lake Malawi, through Lake Tanganyika, Kivu Lake, Lake Edward, Lake Albert, to Albert Nile River Valley, about 1,700 kilometers long and wide! Tens of kilometers to 300 kilometers, forming a series of narrow and y sunken valleys and lakes, of which the surface of Lake Assal is 156 meters below sea level, the lowest point of land in Africa. Africa's desert area accounts for about 1/3 of the continent, the largest desert area of a continent. The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world, with an area of 7.77 million square kilometers; in the southwest there is also the Namib Desert and the Kalahadi Desert. The East African Rift Valley and its vicinity, the distribution of a series of extinct and active volcanoes, of which the high volcano altitude of 5,000 meters above sea level. There are also many large volcanoes in central and western Africa. The East African Rift Valley is also the region of Africa where earthquakes are most frequent and strongest. Africa's outflow area accounts for about 68.2% of the continent. The Atlantic outflow water system is mostly a long-flowing river, including the Nile River, Congo River, Niger River, Senegal River, Volta River, Orange River and so on. The Nile River is the longest river in the world with a length of 6,671 kilometers. The Congo River ranks second in the world in terms of basin area and flow after the Amazon River. The outflow water system of the Indian Ocean includes the Zambezi River, the Limpopo River, the Juba River and the short rivers on the east coast of Africa, and the rivers on the island of Madagascar. Africa's endorheic water system and no-flow area covers an area of 9.58 million square kilometers, accounting for about 31.8% of the total area of the continent. The only one of these with a sound river system is the Lake Chad basin. The Okavango River basin and the Sahara Desert are very arid, with many intermittent rivers and dry valleys in the desert. The endorheic zone also includes a small area of the East African Rift Valley belt lakes, rivers injected into the lakes from the surrounding highlands, the lakes have abundant rainfall, dense river network, unlike other arid endorheic zones. African lakes are concentrated in the East African plateau, a small number of scattered inland basin. Plateau lakes are mostly fault lakes, long, narrow and deep, arranged in beads in the East African Rift Valley belt, of which Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake and the world's second largest freshwater lake; Tanganyika Lake is the world's second deep lake. Located on the Ethiopian plateau Lake Tana is the highest lake in Africa, 1830 meters above sea level. Lake Chad is the largest lake in the inland basin, the area changes from time to time. Africa is known as the "tropical continent", its climate is characterized by high temperature, little rain, dry, the distribution of climate zones in the north-south symmetry. The equator crosses the center, the climate generally from the equator with the increase in latitude and decrease. The continent's average annual temperature is above 20 ℃ in the zone accounts for about 95% of the continent's area, of which more than half of the area is hot all year round, nearly half of the area has a hot warm season and warm cool season. Dallol in northeastern Ethiopia has an average annual temperature of 34.5°C, one of the highest average annual temperatures in the world. Aziziyeh, south of the Libyan capital Tripoli, had a temperature of 57.8°C on September 13, 1922, the highest extreme temperature in Africa. Mount Kilimanjaro is located near the equator, due to the high altitude, the top of the mountain snow year-round. Africa's precipitation from the equator to the north and south to reduce the distribution of precipitation is extremely unbalanced, some areas almost no rain all year round, some places as much as 10,000 millimeters of annual precipitation. The average annual precipitation in 1/3 of the continent is less than 200 millimeters. Southeast, the Gulf of Guinea coast and the windward slope of the mountains more precipitation. Africa also has a <Serengeti National Park>