Introduction to Nadam game

Nowadays, in addition to the men's triathlon, Nadam has also added new contents such as polo, equestrian, track and field, ball games and Ulan Qi Mu performance, and held a material exchange meeting to commend advanced athletes. In Nadam, the herdsmen in Fiona Fang, a pastoral area, wore festive costumes for hundreds of miles and came to visit in an endless stream, riding horses, riding cars and pushing carts. During Nadam, there were many tents and extensive material exchange meetings were organized to promote production. Various forms of cultural activities are also held in the evening. Nadam held by Xilin Gol League has become an important activity for national fitness and mass entertainment.

Nadam has a history of nearly 800 years and has been spreading and developing in Xilin Gol grassland. It is deeply loved by people of all ethnic groups and has become an important carrier of Mongolian cultural traditions. The activities in Nadam are the display of strength and beauty, the contest of physical strength and wisdom, the contest of speed and endurance, which fully shows the comprehensive quality of people living on the grassland.

Nadam is a traditional folk cultural activity with extensive mass and entertainment, which has extensive and profound cultural connotation and reflects the values and aesthetics of the Mongolian people. To explore, rescue and protect Nadam is of great value to enrich and perfect the sports history of China and even the world.

Because the country attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, on May 20th, 2006, this folk custom was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

Nadam of Xilin Gol League is the most representative. The convening of Nadam, large and small, is generally concentrated in spring, summer and autumn every year, and three sports are held every time: horse racing, square and archery. Mongolians call these three competitions "Three Skills of the Brave". Nadam is presided over by a more prestigious elder. At the opening ceremony, the host presented white Hada and recited a eulogy, mainly praising the hero Bok, the trotters and the famous shooter on the grassland and wishing Nadam victory.

Nadam has never been a single sport, but also a grand gathering of grassland culture, economy and information. Colorful national acrobatics, costumes, Mongolian dances and Mongolian operas bring together Mongolian customs, showing the industrious, brave, bold and enthusiastic character of the grassland people. Extensive economic and trade talks and product exhibitions introduced the resource advantages and development prospects of Inner Mongolia to guests at home and abroad.

Nadam Congress is an annual traditional festival for Mongolians in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang. Held in July and August every year, it is a golden season with rich aquatic plants, fat livestock and crisp autumn. Nadam means "entertainment" or "game" in Mongolian. It occupies an important position in the life of the Mongolian people, and it is produced to meet the living needs of the Mongolian people.

Nadam convention originated from the annual sports meeting in Genghis Khan's time. Soldiers needed exercise during the war, so Nadam came into being. It is held in July every year for three days, and the whole country participates. The conference is divided into equestrian, archery and wrestling. Mongolians, who are used to nomadic life at ordinary times, come from all directions to participate in or watch the competition. Nadam convention is an annual traditional Mongolian festival. The word "Nadam" is Mongolian, which means "entertainment" or "drama". It is held in July and August every year in the fat season of livestock, including wrestling, archery, song and dance and trade activities.

During the festival, old men and women rode bicycles and wore festive costumes, and came from all directions to participate in the competition and watch, regardless of the distance. At the meeting place, colorful flags were flying and people were making noise in Ma Si. The normally quiet grassland suddenly became a bustling and colorful city. To express the position of Yuanshangdu, it should be said that Yuanshangdu is located at the east of Shangdu Town18km in Zhenglan Banner, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In other words, Shangdu Site and Shangdu Town in Yuan Dynasty are two places, and Shangdu Town only uses the name Shangdu.

Shangdu ruins lie quietly on Jinlianchuan grassland, while Shangdu town, which is 18 km away, is full of vitality. The place of living has changed, but Kublai Khan's blood still flows tenaciously in the hearts of local people. Nothing can better reflect the tradition and spirit of the Mongols than the Nadam Congress.

Nadam means "entertainment" and "game" in Mongolian. In ancient times, Mongolians gathered around the "Aobao" on the grassland in the autumn when livestock were abundant, thanked nature for its nurturing by offering sacrifices, and held wrestling, archery, horse riding and other competitions.

Zhenglanqi has not held Nadam convention for seven years. For this Nadam Convention, the whole flag is full of energy. The night before the opening ceremony, firecrackers sounded and fireworks were everywhere in the town, and the whole town ran into the street. After midnight, the restaurant's business is still booming. Koumiss, hand-grabbed meat, yogurt, milk tofu, and various grassland delicacies are constantly on the table.

On the morning of the opening ceremony, people flocked to the venue from all directions. Nadam's venue is on the big grass a few kilometers away from the town. Around the venue, vendors have already occupied a good position, selling snacks, daily necessities and computer diagnosis. All kinds of equipment on the playground have not been moved except roller coasters.

When waiting for the opening ceremony, the blogger (Mongolian wrestler) couldn't help but start to be funny. They know very well that they are the focus of the meeting. More than a dozen bloggers who participated in the opening ceremony parade were all from Zhenglanqi, and most of them were professional athletes engaged in international wrestling or judo.

In order to participate in the blog contest, Wu, a member of Bayi Team and an international wrestler, made a special trip from Beijing to Zhenglanqi, his hometown. His best achievement is the national champion of international wrestling, and he won the second place in the international military sports championship held in the United States. Despite his outstanding sports achievements, Uliji is still very cautious about his own estimation. First of all, many opponents are also professional players. Secondly, there are no heavyweights in Bok. Many of Uliji's opponents in the 75kg class are above100kg. Besides, Bok used the knockout round. If two strong players meet in the first round, one of them is bound to be out.

Uliji herded sheep on the grassland when he was a child, and fell in love with Bok when he was in primary school. At that time, his greatest wish was to put on "Zhang Ga". Zhang Ga is a collar made of five-color silk. It is said that in the past, a blogger mainly wanted to wear it and had to win the championship in a competition with 5 12 players. Wearing Zhang Ga is not so strict now, and bloggers who have won national championships and other good results can wear Zhang Ga.

1993, 18-year-old Wu was selected to participate in the international wrestling competition. After the 10th National Games, Uliji will end his sports career and become a coach of the Motorcycle Sports Association.

As a professional athlete, why do you want to join Nadam? Wu said: "Bok is the pride of the Mongols. If you win, you will become a hero on the grassland. " Indeed, when looking at Bok's hand, the girls have different eyes.

The Nadam Convention in the past was a temporary city, a distribution center for information and commodities. Herdsmen often sell a year's harvest and buy a year's things at Nadam convention. Nadam has always been an important event in Mongolian people's lives, but due to the gradual development of commerce, the trading function of Nadam is no longer so important.

Leave the lively Nadam venue and go deep into the grassland. The climate on the grassland is cool, but when the sun shines on the skin, people will have a strong burning feeling. Strangely, the summer heat in Zhenglanqi grassland is not as ubiquitous as in Beijing. Although the sun here will make people feel uncomfortable, as soon as they walk into the shade, they will cool down immediately.

On the road to Jinlianchuan grassland, riders on horseback can be seen everywhere. More than a month before the Nadam competition, the riders began to breast-feed the horses, so that the horses could lose weight through dieting, so that they would not be too hungry to have strength, which was a test for both the riders and the horses.

Leaving Jinlianchuan grassland, we passed through the dense forest farm, and in front of us was the dividing line between grassland and Hunshandake sandy land-Xiaozha Gerstein Noel (Nauer: Lake). The closer to the beach, the more beautiful the water plants are. A gust of wind blew, and the grass waves began in front of us and gradually fell to the horizon.

Herdsmen near Noel in Xiaozha Gerstein set up yurts here from May to165438+1October every year. Because of the vast grassland, there is no need to change places all summer. The herdsmen here have cars, satellite dishes, wind turbines and all kinds of modern living facilities. In addition to grazing, in recent years, herders have also begun to receive tourists with their own yurts. In the past, Mongolian yurts were not locked, and dairy products were hung outside for guests to taste.

We walked to a yurt and found the door locked. Neighbors said that Master had gone to town to attend Nadam. All the herdsmen here know that Nadam is being held, but it seems that only one herder is participating. When asked why, they said that Nadam would last for a few days and could go any day. Besides, there is nothing special to do in Nadam. You only need to drive to town for more than two hours, and you can buy what you usually lack.

The times are developing, and many ancient traditions have become legends even in Zhenglanqi. Cold is no longer a threat, and offering sacrifices to Vulcan is no longer important; Getting lost no longer happens, and the road god is gradually forgotten.

However, Aobao, which stands on the top of the mountain, has not lost its former elegance because of the passage of time. To this day, it still accepts people's worship.

Xi Murong, a Mongolian poet in Taiwan Province Province, visited the Yuanshangdu site on Chahar grassland twice and wrote the song "Father's Grassland Mother's River": "I am also a child of the plateau, and I have a song in my heart ..." Nadam has a long history. According to the inscription of Genghis Khan on the cliff, as early as 1225, after the failure of Genghis Khan's western expedition, a grand Nadam conference was held in the place of Buhasuqihai. In the following centuries, Nadam activities were held every time, celebrating military exploits, offering flags, gathering soldiers and civilians, gathering league flags and offering sacrifices to Aobao. Mongolia is a martial nation. Genghis Khan attached great importance to cultivating people's courage, wit and tenacity, so he called riding, archery and wrestling "three arts for men" as the content of quality training for soldiers and people. At the Nadam Convention, this "three arts for men" became the highlight of national sports. Nadam convention is very grand. In the past, whenever the Nadam Convention was held on the grassland, herders in Fiona Fang, one or two hundred miles away, had to put on their holiday costumes, help the elderly and bring up the young, bring yurts and daily necessities, and ride horses from all directions to attend the conference. Vendors from far and near also come to open stores, sell daily necessities and buy livestock products. After liberation, the Nadam convention in the city was not as attractive as it used to be, but the entry of modern culture made Nadam more spectacular, prosperous and colorful.

Horse racing is also a very attractive activity at the "Nadam" conference. Mongolians grew up on horseback and have special feelings for horses. Horse racing not only needs to train horses very skillfully and dexterously on weekdays, but also needs skilled and superb riding skills and tenacious and brave spirit. During the competition, the riders wore Mongolian robes, high-heeled Mongolian boots, colorful scarves on their heads and ribbons around their waists. They are full of energy and heroism. Dozens of horses stood at the starting line, making the gun ring like an arrow that left the string. You chased me and rushed forward. The stadium suddenly boiled. When the first horse rushed to the finish line, people immediately sang beautiful hymns. Nadam promoted the development of national sports and cultivated the spirit of tenacious struggle. The Nadam Convention 1992 was listed as the project of China Friendly Tourism Year by the National Tourism Administration. Nadam, a grassland pageant, takes "building a style stage and singing economic and trade operas" as the main theme to show the world the charm of grassland scenery and folk customs.

In the hinterland of Zhelimu League far away from the city, there is an acre of grassland called Zhu Rihe Grassland. The vast grasslands and green carpets are green and soft. Looking at the Zhu Rihe grassland from a distance, dozens of groups of yurts form a yurt group, as if blue gems were embedded in a green carpet.

Mongolian is a nation on horseback. The annual "Nadam" Congress and the "August 18th" Horse Racing Festival have added festive atmosphere to Zhu Rihe grassland. "Nadam" means entertainment, recreation and play in Mongolian. Generally, it includes horse racing, wrestling, archery and national cultural performances. Nadam has a long history and was famous in the world as early as 700 years ago.

Nadam is usually held in July and August. At this time, it is the harvest season with lush grasslands and fat cattle and sheep. The local people put on Mongolian robes with belts and headdresses. If you come to Zhubaihe grassland at this time, you can understand and experience the local folk customs.

First of all, the herdsmen's cavalry in robes lined up to welcome you, and the Mongolian girls with outstanding charm presented "Hada" and presented wine; The hero Mongolian guy who showed his tendons enthusiastically performed Mongolian wrestling for you. Wrestling, flag level Nadam, generally 256 pairs of wrestlers (Bu Kui) participate; Regardless of the flag, there is no limit to the wrestling time of each pair of wrestlers. It takes about three days to become famous. How many hurdles does the champion have to pass?

Bu Kui, who will be listed as the left and right teams before the game, will cross the head and tail. When Bu Kui entered the stadium, all commanders and four singers sang together, and when they sang for the third time, they entered the stadium with special dance steps. At this time, the host of the conference announced Bu Kui's name and hometown. Old Bukui and people who know the rules of wrestling will be referees.

Archery doubles is a great honor for men. Bows are made of bamboo and horns. The joint of the two corners is a handle made of solid wood. The ends of the bow are tied with rubber bands. The bow used in the competition has the strength of 25 or 50 strings. This arrow is 3 feet long, with wicker as the handle and eagle feathers as the tail.

In the archery competition, players use the same number of arrows to shoot the first shot at the target from a specified distance. Choose the best to participate in the second and third rounds. Score according to the number of folds of bull's-eye, inner ring and outer ring.