What's the difference between a consortium and a chaebol?

Consortium: [Financial Group] is the abbreviation of financial capital group. Refers to a monopoly group formed by the combination of huge banks and huge enterprises controlled by a few financial oligarchs. They usually consist of one or several families.

definition

In the civil law system, the most basic legal person classification method is to divide legal persons into corporate legal persons and consortium legal persons. Consortium, British foundation, German foundation, French consortium, Japan: consortium legal person.

Consortium is a monopoly group controlled by a few financial oligarchs, usually including a few large banks, insurance companies and a large number of industrial and mining enterprises, commercial enterprises and transportation enterprises, also known as financial capital groups. Various consortia are active in many economic sectors, and at the same time, they also extend to superstructure sectors, such as culture, education, science, health, publishing and government agencies. They not only use their own capital, but also mainly use the large amount of capital of others they control to obtain high monopoly profits.

according to

Lenin pointed out: "Since monopoly has formed and manipulated billions of capital, it will inevitably penetrate into all aspects of social life." (Selected Works of Lenin, Volume 2, page 779) In all major capitalist countries, there are some big consortia, which play a dominant role in all aspects of economic, political, cultural and social life. Therefore, the activities of these consortia reflect the overall rule of financial oligarchs, which often go beyond the scope of a country and extend their power to many parts of the world. Refers to the monopoly capitalists or their groups that control many companies, banks and enterprises in capitalist society.

trait

Compared with other forms of legal persons, consortia have obvious characteristics, mainly including:

Powerful strength

The strength and stability of the consortium are enhanced, and the color of the industry is getting weaker and weaker. On the one hand, the capital controlled by the consortium is huge; On the other hand, the number of departments controlled by consortia is increasing day by day, covering heavy industry, light industry, traditional industries, emerging industries, production departments and circulation departments.

Powerful control

The consortium's control and utilization of the country has increased. The tycoons of major consortia personally hold important positions as heads of state and government departments, and organize various non-governmental organizations to exert influence and pressure on the government and control the state machine.

Family color

The family color of the consortium faded. The mutual infiltration and integration between consortia made some consortia change from single family control to multi-family control before the war. Although many consortia retain their original surnames, they are actually dominated by several or more families, and their capital is further socialized.

Chaebol:

Chaebol, the general name of Japan's pre-war financial capital groups. In Japan, because financial capital groups are linked with powerful feudal family relations, people are used to calling Japanese financial capital groups chaebol (Japanese: chaebol; Japanese pen name: ざぃばつ).

Basic explanation

[Financial tycoon; Chaebol; A capitalist who can monopolize finance. Generally refers to financial oligarchy.

These Japanese chaebol ... largely offset the military influence before 1937.

Citation interpretation

1 refers to a person or family with strong economic strength and can play a dominant role.

Ye Shengtao's "Ni Huanzhi" IV: "In fact, they are all ambitious politicians, and greedy chaebol pull strings behind them." It also refers to the rich. Zhou Libo's Storm, Part II and Part IV: "He is an old chaebol who jumped into a well with treasure and gave up his life and wealth."

2, chaebol, originally refers to the floorboard of Japan's pre-war financial capital groups, mainly refers to 19 to the 20th century, Japan's four major enterprise groups Mitsui, Sumitomo, Mitsubishi and An Tian. In Japan, because financial capital groups are linked with powerful feudal family relations, people are used to calling them chaebol.

Characteristics of chaebol

A typical chaebol has several characteristics: first, it must be a closely related family business, and the main resources in the enterprise are in the hands of a few people, and they are related to each other. Second, enterprises have a wide business scope and many employees, which account for a considerable proportion of the gross national product. Third, chaebol usually have a financial industry, which is convenient for enterprises to mobilize funds and illegally borrow. Fourth, the cross-shareholding of enterprise groups is serious. After many cross-shareholdings, the company's management right has increased the tightness within the chaebol, facilitated mutual lending and reduced financial transparency. However, if there are poorly managed enterprises in the group, they will often be implicated in each other. Fifth, the chaebol usually have a good relationship with the government and are often allowed to operate industries licensed by the government, such as petrochemical heavy industry. The chaebol will directly or indirectly interfere in politics through political contributions and elections.