400-word diary of China Spring Festival custom

Spring Festival is an ancient festival in China, and it is also the most important festival in a year. How to celebrate this festival has formed some relatively fixed customs and habits in thousands of years of historical development, and many of them have been passed down to this day.

Traditionally, the first day of the first month is the Year of the Rooster, the second day is the Year of the Dog, the third day is the Year of the Pig, the fourth day is the Year of the Sheep, the fifth day is the Year of the Ox, the sixth day is the Year of the Horse and the seventh day is the Year of the Man.

Off-year, that is, the 23rd or 24th of the twelfth lunar month, is a festival to worship the kitchen god.

It is the beginning and foreshadowing of the whole Spring Festival celebration, and there are two main activities: sweeping graves to celebrate the New Year and offering sacrifices to stoves. In addition, there is the custom of eating stove candy. In some places, we also eat fire, sugar cakes, oil cakes and tofu soup.

Small-year sacrificial furnace

The 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, also called "off-year", is the day when people worship the kitchen. It is said that every year on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, Kitchen God will tell the Jade Emperor about the good and evil of this family and let the Jade Emperor reward and punish them. Therefore, when sending stoves, people will put candy, water, beans and grass on the console table in front of the statue of the kitchen god, and the last three are for the kitchen god's mount to ascend to heaven. When offering sacrifices to the stove, you should melt the Guandong sugar with fire and put it on the mouth of the kitchen god. In this way, he can't speak ill of the jade emperor There is a folk custom that "men don't Yue Bai, women don't offer sacrifices to stoves", so the owner of offering sacrifices to stoves is limited to men.

Sacrificing a stove is a kind of custom with great influence and wide spread among the people in our country. In the past, almost every kitchen had a kitchen god. People call this god "the Bodhisattva who commands life" or "the stove commands life". It is said that he is the "Nine-day East Chef Commanding the Kitchen Palace" sealed by the Jade Emperor, who is responsible for managing the kitchen fires of various families and is worshipped as the patron saint of the family. Kitchen shrines are mostly located in the north or east of the kitchen, with the idol of Kitchen God in the middle. Some people who don't have the niche of the Kitchen King even put the idol directly on the wall. Some gods only draw a kitchen god, while others have two men and women. The goddess is called "Grandma Chef". This is probably an imitation of the image of human lovers. Most of the statues of Kitchen God are also printed with the calendar of this year, which reads the words "Oriental chef is in charge", "guardian of the world" and "head of the family" to show the status of Kitchen God. On both sides, there are couplets of "Heaven says yes, the lower bound is safe", wishing the whole family peace.

sweep the dust

"On the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, dust sweeps the house". According to Lv Chunqiu, China had the custom of sweeping dust during the Spring Festival in the Yao and Shun era. According to the folk saying: Because of the homonym of "dust" and "Chen", sweeping dust in the Spring Festival means "getting rid of the old and not being new", and its original intention is to sweep away all bad luck and bad luck. This custom has placed people's desire to break the old and create new ones and their prayers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Whenever the Spring Festival comes, every household should clean the environment, clean all kinds of electrical appliances, remove and wash bedding curtains, sweep six yards, dust cobwebs and dredge culverts in open channels. Everywhere is filled with the joyful atmosphere of cleaning and welcoming the Spring Festival cleanly.

paste up Spring Festival couplets

Spring Festival couplets are also called door couplets, spring stickers, couplets, couplets and peach symbols. They depict the background of the times and express good wishes with neat, dual, concise and delicate words, which are unique literary forms in China.

Every Spring Festival, no matter in urban or rural areas, every household should choose a pair of red Spring Festival couplets and stick them on the door to add festive atmosphere to the festival.

This custom began in the Song Dynasty and was popular in the Ming Dynasty. By the Qing Dynasty, the ideological and artistic quality of Spring Festival couplets had been greatly improved. Liang Zhangju's monograph Poetry of Spring Festival couplets discusses the origin of couplets and the characteristics of various works.

There are many kinds of Spring Festival couplets, which can be divided into door heart, frame pair, cross string, spring strip and bucket square according to the place of use. The "door core" is attached to the center of the upper end of the door panel; The "door frame pair" is attached to the left and right door frames; "Cross-dressing" is posted on the crossbar of the door; "Spring strips" are posted in corresponding places according to different contents; "Dou Jin", also known as "door leaf", is a square diamond, often attached to furniture and screen walls.

Stick paper-cuts on the windows.

In the folk, people also like to stick various paper-cuts on the windows-window grilles. Window grilles not only set off the festive atmosphere, but also integrate decoration, appreciation and practicality. Paper-cutting is a very popular folk art in China, which has been loved by people for thousands of years. Because it is often pasted on the window, it is also called "window grilles". With its unique generalization and exaggeration, window grilles show auspicious things and good wishes incisively and vividly, and decorate festivals with colorful colors.

During the Spring Festival, people in many areas like to stick various paper-cuts on their windows-window grilles. Window grilles can not only set off the festive atmosphere, but also bring people beautiful enjoyment, integrating decoration, appreciation and practicality.

Paper-cutting is a very popular folk art, which has been loved by people for thousands of years. Because it is often pasted on windows, people generally call it "window grilles".

Window grilles are rich in content and wide in subject matter. Because the buyers of window grilles are mostly farmers, window grilles have quite a lot of content to express farmers' lives, such as farming, weaving, fishing, herding sheep, raising pigs and chickens. In addition, there are myths and legends, drama stories and other themes. In addition, the images of flowers and birds, insects and fish, and the zodiac are also very common.

Invert the word "fu"

Sticking the word "Fu" during the Spring Festival is a long-standing folk custom in China. According to Liang Lu's Dream, "When I was young, I would visit department stores, draw door gods and spend the Spring Festival ..."; "Scholars, big or small, should sweep the floor, remove dust, clean the family, change the door gods, nail peach charms, paste Spring Festival couplets and worship their ancestors." The "spring card" in this article is the word "fu" written on red paper.

The word "fu" is now interpreted as "happiness", but in the past it meant "good luck" and "good luck". Whether it is now or in the past, people's yearning for a happy life and their wishes for a better future are pinned. In order to fully reflect this yearning and wish, the people simply turn the word "blessing" upside down, indicating that "blessing has fallen" and "blessing has arrived"

There is also a legend that the word "fu" is posted upside down among the people. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, used the word "fu" as a code word to prepare for murder. In order to eliminate this disaster, kind Ma Huanghou asked all the families in the city to put "Fu" on their doors before dawn. Naturally, no one dares to go against Ma Huanghou's will, so the word "Fu" is posted on every door. If one of the families can't read, turn the word "fu" upside down. The next day, the emperor sent people to the streets to check and found that every family had posted the word "Fu", and another family had posted the word "Fu" upside down. When the emperor heard the news, he was furious and immediately ordered the body guard to cut down the house. When Ma Huanghou saw that things were not good, he quickly said to Zhu Yuanzhang, "The family knew that you were visiting today, and deliberately turned the word" Fu "upside down. Isn't this what' Fudao' means? " When the emperor heard the truth, he ordered his release, and a great disaster was finally eliminated. Since then, people have turned the word "Fu" upside down for good luck and in memory of Ma Huanghou.

While putting up Spring Festival couplets, some people have to put large and small "Fu" characters on doors, walls and lintels. Sticking the word "Fu" during the Spring Festival is a long-standing folk custom in China. The word "Fu" symbolizes good luck and wishes for a happy life and a bright future.

In order to fully reflect this yearning and wish, some people simply put the word "Fu" upside down, indicating that "Fu has arrived" and "Fu has arrived". Others elaborate the word "Fu" into various patterns, such as longevity, longevity peach, carp yue longmen, abundant grains, dragons and phoenixes, and so on.

New Year picture

Hanging New Year pictures during the Spring Festival is also very common in urban and rural areas. Thick black and colorful New Year pictures add a lot of prosperity and festive atmosphere to thousands of families. New Year pictures are an ancient folk art in China, which reflects people's simple customs and beliefs and places their hopes on the future.

New Year pictures, like Spring Festival couplets, originated from "door gods". With the rise of block printing, the content of New Year pictures is not limited to monotonous themes such as door gods, but has become rich and colorful. Some New Year pictures workshops have produced classic color New Year pictures, such as Fu Lushou's Samsung, God bless the people, abundant crops, prosperous livestock and welcoming the New Year, to meet people's good wishes of celebrating and praying for the New Year. There are three important producing areas of Chinese New Year pictures: Taohuawu in Suzhou, Yangliuqing in Tianjin and Weifang in Shandong; Three schools of New Year pictures have been formed, each with its own characteristics.

The earliest existing collection of New Year pictures in China is the woodcut New Year pictures of the Southern Song Dynasty, which depict four ancient beauties: Wang Zhaojun, Zhao, Ban Ji and Lvzhu. The most popular folk painting is the Year of Marrying the Rat. It depicts an interesting scene in which a mouse marries a bride according to human custom. In the early years of the Republic of China, Zheng of Shanghai combined the monthly calendar with the New Year pictures. This is a new form of New Year pictures. This new year's picture, which was combined into one, later developed into a calendar and has been popular all over the country.

stay up late or all night on New Year's Eve

Keeping the Lunar New Year's Eve is one of the most important activities, and the custom of keeping the Lunar New Year's Eve has a long history. The earliest record can be found in the Local Records of the Western Jin Dynasty: on New Year's Eve, all parties give gifts to each other, which is called "the year of giving back"; Wine and food are invited, which is called "not old"; Young and old get together to drink and wish a complete song called "age division"; Everyone stays up all night, waiting for dawn. This is the so-called "shou sui".

On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together, eat New Year's Eve, light candles or oil lamps, sit around the stove and chat, wait for the time to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year, and keep vigil all night, which symbolizes driving away all evil diseases and epidemics and expecting good luck in the new year. This custom gradually became popular. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, wrote a poem "Shou Sui": "Cold words and winter snow, warm with spring breeze". To this day, people are used to celebrating the New Year's Eve.

In ancient times, observing the age has two meanings: the old man's observing the age means "resigning from the old", which means cherishing time; Young people keep their age in order to prolong the life of their parents. Since the Han Dynasty, the time for the alternation of the old and new years is generally at midnight.

On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together for dinner, which is a common custom in China. According to historical records, this custom first appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and then gradually became popular. In the early Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin wrote a poem "Shousui".

: "Cold words winter snow, warm with spring breeze." To this day, people in China are used to setting off firecrackers on New Year's Eve, sitting indoors watching TV and laughing.

firecracker

There is a folk saying in China that "open the door and set off firecrackers".

That is, when the new year comes, the first thing for every household to open the door is to set off firecrackers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Firecracker is a specialty of China, also known as "Firecracker", "Firecracker" and "Firecracker". Its origin is very early, and it has a history of more than two thousand years. Setting off firecrackers can create a festive and lively atmosphere, which is a kind of entertainment in festivals and can bring happiness and good luck to people. With the passage of time, firecrackers are more and more widely used, and there are more and more varieties and colors. Every major festival and happy celebration, as well as marriage, building, opening, etc. We should set off firecrackers to celebrate and make good luck. At present, Liuyang, Hunan, Foshan and Dongyao, Yichun and Pingxiang, Jiangxi, Wenzhou, Zhejiang and other regions are famous fireworks towns in China. The firecrackers produced have many colors and high quality, which are not only sold well all over the country, but also exported to all parts of the world.

There is a folk saying in China that "open the door and set off firecrackers". The first thing in the new year is to set off firecrackers to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year.

Firecrackers are a specialty of China with a long history of more than 2,000 years. Now, most of us think that setting off firecrackers can create a festive atmosphere, is a kind of entertainment in festivals, and can bring happiness and good luck to people.

According to Nerve, in ancient times, people camped through deep mountains and lit bonfires at night, one for cooking and keeping warm, and the other for preventing wild animals from invading. But there is an animal in the mountains called "Mountain Sister", which is not afraid of people or fire, and often steals food while people are unprepared. In order to deal with it, people thought of setting off firecrackers in the fire and using the crackling sound of bamboo to drive it away.

Zero-point system for the first day of junior high school

According to the old custom, the Spring Festival begins at 0: 00 on the first day of the first lunar month. In all parts of Shandong, parents usually get up first to "hand out paper" and put a fire whip before opening the door before speaking. Men worship the god of heaven and earth under the guidance of their parents.

The first meal in the Spring Festival after zero is jiaozi.

When cooking jiaozi, set off firecrackers. In order to drive away evil and seek good luck, jiaozi is cooked with sesame stalks in some areas, which means that the new year is like sesame blossoms and the days are getting better and better. Jiaozi wants to cook more than enough, and steamed bread should be put in the pot after dinner, which is intended to be more than enough. Jiaozi cooked, first hold a bowl of respect for heaven and earth, and then hold a bowl of respect for the kitchen god. When eating, in addition to one bowl per person, one or two bowls should be served in order to prosper the population. Eating jiaozi is full of festive atmosphere. During the Spring Festival, jiaozi is full of money, dates, chestnuts and so on. Eating red dates means getting up early in the new year and trying to get rich; Eating chestnuts means that you can make great efforts and sweat in the new year; Eating peanuts can prolong life; If you eat money, you can get rich. No matter who eats one of them, everyone sincerely congratulates. If the child gets the money, the parents will be happier. They think the child has a bright future. In addition to encouragement, they should also be rewarded with money to show their congratulations. Many places eat vegetarian stuffing in jiaozi on the first day of the first month, which means "a quiet year". In Linqing, we eat all kinds of buns, jujube cakes, sticky nests and so on. Breakfast on the first day of junior high school, supplemented by various balls, vermicelli and Chinese cabbage, is called "eating all the year round".

During the Spring Festival, jiaozi has become an indispensable delicacy. According to "Guangya" written by Zhang Yi, wei ren of the Three Kingdoms, there was a crescent-shaped food called "Wonton" at that time, which was basically similar to the shape of jiaozi now. By the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, wonton was "shaped like a crescent moon, and it was delicious all over the world." Presumably, when jiaozi cooked it, he didn't take it out and eat it alone, but put it in a bowl with the soup, so people called jiaozi "wonton" at that time. This way of eating is still popular in some areas of our country. For example, when people from Henan and Shaanxi eat jiaozi, they should put some small ingredients such as coriander, chopped green onion, shrimp skin and leek in the soup. By about the Tang Dynasty, jiaozi had become exactly the same as jiaozi now, so it was fished out and put on a plate to eat by itself.

The folk custom of eating jiaozi during the Spring Festival was quite popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Generally, jiaozi should wrap it up before New Year's Eve 12, and eat it at midnight. At this time, it is the beginning of the first day of the first lunar month. Eating jiaozi means "making friends when you are young", and "Zi" is homophonic with "jiaozi", which means "reunion" and "good luck".

There are many legends about eating jiaozi in the New Year. One is to commemorate Pangu's creation of the world, and the other is to take its homonym "chaos", which means "five grains are abundant" In addition, it is said that eating jiaozi's folk language is related to Nu Wa's making people.

Jiaozi has become an indispensable program food for the Spring Festival. The reasons are as follows: First, jiaozi is shaped like an ingot, and eating jiaozi during the Spring Festival means "making money into treasure"; Secondly, there are stuffing in jiaozi, which is convenient for people to put all kinds of auspicious things into stuffing and place their hopes for the new year. In some areas, when people eat jiaozi, they have to match some non-staple food to show their good luck. If you eat tofu, it symbolizes the happiness of the whole family; Eating persimmons symbolizes all the best; Eating three fresh vegetables symbolizes the prosperity of Sanyang. People in Taiwan Province Province eat fish balls, meatballs and seaweed, symbolizing reunion and wealth.

Happy new year on the first day

On the first day of the new year, people get up early, put on the most beautiful clothes, dress neatly, go out to visit relatives and friends, and wish each other good luck in the coming year. There are many ways to pay New Year's greetings, some of which are led by the same patriarch from door to door. Some colleagues invited several people to pay New Year greetings; Others get together to congratulate each other. This is called "group worship". Because it takes time and effort to pay New Year greetings at home, some elites and scholars later congratulated each other with stickers, thus developing the later "New Year cards".

When paying New Year greetings during the Spring Festival, the younger generation should first pay New Year greetings to their elders and wish them health and longevity. The elders can distribute the lucky money prepared in advance to the younger generation. It is said that lucky money can kill evil spirits, because "old" and "special" are homophonic, and the younger generation can spend a year safely with lucky money. There are two kinds of lucky money, one is to put colored rope in the shape of Jackie Chan at the foot of the bed, which was recorded in Yanjing year; The other is the most common, that is, parents wrap the money distributed to their children in red paper. Lucky money can be given in public after the younger generation pays New Year's greetings, or it can be secretly put under the child's pillow by parents when the child falls asleep on New Year's Eve. It is still very popular for elders to give lucky money to younger generations.

In ancient times, the original meaning of the word "Happy New Year" was to pay New Year greetings to the elderly. On the first morning, the younger generation should first pay New Year greetings to the elders. After the elders worship, they will distribute the "lucky money" prepared in advance to the younger generation. When people go out to meet each other, they should also exchange auspicious words such as "Congratulations on getting rich" and "Happy New Year". In ancient times, the literati in the upper class used the custom of greeting each other with famous cards. At that time, the scholar-officials had a wide circle of friends, and it took time and energy to pay New Year greetings everywhere. Therefore, some close friends did not go in person, but sent their servants to take a card cut with plum blossom stationery, two inches wide and three inches long, with the recipient's name, address and congratulations written on it. In the Ming dynasty, people visited instead of paying New Year's greetings. "Famous thorn" and "famous divination" are the origins of today's greeting cards. Since the Qing Dynasty, New Year greetings have joined the form of "group worship".

With the development of the times, the custom of New Year greetings is constantly adding new contents and forms. Nowadays, people not only follow the old way of paying New Year greetings, but also begin to pay New Year greetings by courtesy telegram, telephone and SMS, online QQ, etc.

lucky money

When visiting the New Year during the Spring Festival, the elders should distribute the lucky money prepared in advance to the younger generation. It is said that lucky money can kill evil spirits, because "old" and "special" are homophonic, and the younger generation can spend a year safely with lucky money. There are two kinds of lucky money, one is to put colored rope in the shape of Jackie Chan at the foot of the bed, which was recorded in Yanjing year; The other is the most common, that is, parents wrap the money distributed to their children in red paper.

Folks believe that giving children lucky money, when evil spirits or "Nian" hurt children, children can use the money to bribe them and turn evil into good luck. A Qing Wu Manyun's poem "Lucky Money" said: "The hundred-dollar colored thread is long, and then it is collected from the pillow. On the price of firecrackers, Joule has been busy all night." At present, the custom of elders giving lucky money to younger generations is still prevalent. Most of these lucky money are used by children to buy books, school supplies and daily necessities. The new fashion has given new content to the lucky money.

Eat rice cake

It is said that the earliest rice cakes were used to worship gods and ancestors on New Year's Eve, and later became food for the Spring Festival.

In the Book of Qi Yaomin written by Jia Sixie in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there is a method of making cakes with rice flour: after sieving glutinous rice flour with silk, add water and honey to make hard dough, stick dates and chestnuts on the dough, wrap them with bamboo leaves and steam them. This glutinous rice cake has the characteristics of the Central Plains. Rice cakes are mostly made of glutinous rice flour, which is a specialty of Jiangnan. There are sticky grains such as glutinous rice in the north, and sticky millet (commonly known as millet) was first introduced in ancient times. This kind of shelled millet noodles, after steamed with water, is yellow, sticky and sweet, and it is a delicious food for people in the Yellow River valley to celebrate the harvest. There are many kinds of rice cakes with different flavors in the north and south. Typical ones are white cakes in the north, yellow rice cakes from farmers in Saibei, rice cakes from water mills, rice cakes from the south of the Yangtze River and red turtle cakes from Taiwan Province Province.

In ancient agricultural society, housewives began to prepare food for the New Year from the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. Because curing bacon takes a long time, it must be prepared as soon as possible. Many provinces in China have the custom of curing bacon, among which Guangdong is the most famous.

Steamed rice cake, because of its homophonic "high year" and diverse tastes, has almost become a must-have food for every household. The styles of rice cakes are square yellow and white rice cakes, which symbolize gold and silver and express the meaning of making a fortune in the New Year.

The taste of rice cakes varies from place to place. Beijingers like to eat jujube rice cakes, 100-fruit rice cakes and white rice cakes made of glutinous rice or yellow rice. Hebei people like to add jujube, red beans and mung beans to rice cakes and steam them together. In northern Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and other places, it is customary to eat yellow wheat fried rice cakes during the New Year, and some people will also stuff them with bean paste and jujube paste, while Shandong people steam rice cakes with yellow rice and red dates. The rice cakes in the north are mainly sweet, steamed or fried, and some people simply eat them with sugar. There are sweet and salty rice cakes in the south, such as those in Suzhou and Ningbo, which are made of japonica rice and have a light taste. In addition to steaming and frying, you can also slice and fry or cook soup. Sweet rice cake is made of glutinous rice flour with sugar, lard, rose, osmanthus, mint, vegetable paste and other ingredients. They are fine in workmanship and can be steamed directly or fried with egg white.

The night before the real Chinese New Year is called Reunion Night. A wanderer who has left his hometown has to go home from thousands of miles away. During the Spring Festival, the whole family will sit around and wrap jiaozi. Jiaozi's practice is to use flour to make dumpling wrappers first, and then use leather bags to fill them. The contents of stuffing are varied, and all kinds of meat, eggs, seafood and seasonal vegetables can be stuffed. The orthodox practice in jiaozi is to cook it with clear water, remove it and mix it with vinegar, minced garlic and vegetables. There are also methods of frying jiaozi and baking jiaozi (fried dumpling). Because the word "he" in dough mixing means "he"; Jiaozi's "jiao" and "glue" are homophonic, and "harmony" and "glue" have the meaning of reunion, so jiaozi is used to symbolize the reunion of acacia; It is very auspicious to make friends with older people; In addition, jiaozi, which is shaped like an ingot, has the auspicious meaning of "making a fortune" when eating jiaozi in the New Year. The whole family get together to make a package for jiaozi, so it's fun to celebrate the Spring Festival.

Visiting relatives and friends on the second day of the lunar new year.

I won't go out on the first day of school, but I'm going to visit my relatives today. Brothers are in love, the host stays for dinner, and western people arrange feasts; Come and go, and there are 200 lucky money.

In Beijing, people to visit on this day are close family friends or relatives of elders. The New Year greetings on the first day are mostly ceremonial, while the visits on the second day are substantive. With the agreement, a festival (called "February Festival" in some urban areas) is formed, which gives tourists the opportunity to remember their old friends, comfort the living, give money to each other, and express their feelings of not forgetting the deceased.

On the first day, the gift is given with affection instead of things, and on the second day, the visit is made with things to show affection. The two are different.

In the early morning of the first day, elders can give lucky money to the younger generation, but subordinates can't give lucky money and things to their superiors because they are suspected of "giving gifts."

On the second day of the second year, the guests staying in school will have a meal of Zhajiang noodles, indicating that they will not forget their ancestors' life of eating sauce when hunting or marching. Don't give gifts in odd numbers the next day.

If the second daughter comes home, it means that the in-laws are "friends of gold and blue", or that the daughter is in charge of the in-laws, and the two sides are like a family, which is very auspicious.

Taboos on the second day of Lunar New Year:

You can't go back empty-handed. Gifts for your family must be even, odd is unlucky.

The taboo of offering sacrifices to the god of wealth. In the past, there were people who sold statues of the god of wealth from door to door. If you don't want to buy, you can only answer what you have, but you dare not say no, so as not to be unlucky.

On the third day of the first month, I sent my son-in-law and daughter-in-law to visit my father-in-law.

Generally speaking, it is a custom to send it on the third day of the first month of the third year.

The third day of the first month is the day when Nu Wa herded sheep, so it is called "Sheep Day". On this day, people cannot kill sheep. If the weather is good, it means that sheep will be raised well and sheep farmers will have a good harvest this year.

Burning door god paper

In the old society, on the third day, pine and cypress branches were burned together with the janitor's note hanging on the festival to show that the New Year had passed and it was time to start business. As the saying goes, "if you burn the janitor's paper, one will seek physiology."

Guzi birthday

People think that the third day of the first month is Xiaomi's birthday. On this day, people hope to sacrifice and pray for the new year. They don't eat rice.

Xiaonianchao

That is, tianqing festival. The court festival in the Song Dynasty, the first year of Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu, was spread all over the world because of the gobbledygook, so Zhenzong issued an imperial edict, which designated the third day of the first month as Tianqing Festival, and officials and others had five days off. Later, it was called Xiaonian Dynasty, which did not sweep the floor, beg for fire or draw water, just like the old dynasty.

Post "Red Mouth"

In the south of China, on the morning of the third day of New Year's Eve, a "red mouth" is posted. I think this day is easy to quarrel and not suitable for New Year's greetings. The so-called "red mouth" is usually made of a red note about seven or eight inches long and one inch wide, with some words about peace and good luck written on it (the content has a certain format, such as "1994, the front door of JOE was nailed to the front door of the gods, and the men and women who stole Mars were lucky"). These rubbish are all piled up on the second day of the first grade, and they should be cleaned up and dumped together by the third grade. Otherwise, it is equivalent to the outflow of gold and silver at home. In a word, sticking a "red mouth" is to make people feel that they can go in and out safely all year round, will not quarrel with others, and will not encounter all kinds of unfortunate disasters, and make more money at home and all the best.

"year of sending"

Generally speaking, the ceremony of sending gods and ancestors back to heaven is held at night.

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Burning Door-god Paper In the old society, the pine and cypress branches hanging on the New Year's Festival were burned together with the door-god stationery on the third day to show that one year had passed and it was time to start business again. As the saying goes, "if you burn the janitor's paper, one will seek physiology."

Xiaomi Birthday People think that the third day of the first month is Xiaomi's birthday. On this day, people hope to sacrifice and pray for the new year, and do not eat rice.

In the early years, it was Tianqing Festival. The court festival in the Song Dynasty, the first year of Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu, was spread all over the world because of the gobbledygook, so Zhenzong issued an imperial edict, which designated the third day of the first month as Tianqing Festival, and officials and others had five days off. Later, it was called Xiaonian Dynasty, which did not sweep the floor, beg for fire or draw water, just like the old dynasty.

On the third day of the first month, the son-in-law saw her father-in-law and daughter-in-law go back to their mother's house.

The third day of the first month is the day when the son-in-law visits her father-in-law and the daughter goes back to her parents' home to see her parents.

On this day, the married daughter took her husband and children back to her family to pay a New Year call. When a daughter returns to her mother's house, there must be a big bag of biscuits and sweets distributed by her mother to her neighbors, just like the scene of the New Year. If there are many daughters at home, and these daughters don't come back on the same day, then we must share one at a time. The gift is quite thin, just four biscuits. But it reflects the deep affection, the real "courtesy is light and affection is heavy", and expresses the girl's miss for the villagers. When the girl goes home, if there is a nephew at home, menstruation has to pay again. Although she gave lucky money on New Year's Day, this time it had a different meaning.

There are many things to pay attention to when you go back to your mother's house. You must bring even numbers, not odd numbers, usually four. Your mother can't accept it all. Take some with you when you go back to your husband's house. I only have lunch when I go back to my parents' house, and my daughter must get back to her husband's house before dinner. When the daughter goes back to her family, if there is a nephew at home, the aunt must give the nephew a red envelope.

Traditionally, the deceased ancestors descended from the sky at the end of the year and returned home to enjoy sacrifices. If ancestors saw "outsiders" at home, they would not enter the home because married women were considered "outsiders"; So married women can't spend New Year's Eve and the first day at home. After the ancestors enjoy the sacrifice, the daughter can go home on the first (or second) night. This rule was very strict in the old society, especially in the countryside. Violating it is disrespectful. Although people in the new society don't believe in ghosts and gods, they still strictly abide by them. If a married daughter spends the New Year at home for some special reason, then maybe her parents, family and herself will be very unhappy. This is also a long-standing cultural phenomenon, which may be implemented for a long time.

"Going home" is also called "mothering". In the past, there were many taboos for brides to go back to their parents' homes, but they only meant the taboos for brides to go back to their parents' homes. After the bride's return, her identity has changed and she belongs to others, so her family often "guards against her".

In ancient China, men were superior to women and women's status was very low, so they married and followed their husbands. There used to be a folk proverb, "married women pour water", which means that married women should not go back to their parents' homes for no reason, but spend more time serving their in-laws and husbands. It is a rule that a woman must stay at her husband's house during the Spring Festival. Daughters can only wait until after the sixth day to pay a New Year call to their parents. However, with the progress of society and the germination of the concept of equality between men and women, the woman lives in her husband's family on the first day of school, and will return to her family immediately on the second and third days of school, which reflects the rise of women's status.

Kitchen God Festival on the fourth day of the first month-welcome the kitchen god back to people.

On the fourth day of the first lunar month, it is also called "Sheep Day". Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the traditional view is that the first day of the first month is rooster day, the second day is dog day, the third day is pig day, the fourth day is sheep day, the fifth day is ox day, the sixth day is horse day and the seventh day is human day. Legend has it that this is because when Nu Wa created everything, she created six animals first and then people, so the first day to the sixth day is the day of six animals. (Source: Spring Festival, Xinhua News Agency)

On the fourth day of Lunar New Year's Eve, sheep were occupied in the old imperial calendar, so people often say that "three sheep (yang) open Thailand" is a symbol of good luck and a day to welcome the kitchen god back to the people.

There is a saying in folklore.

◆ "Welcome the kitchen god to send the fire god" family to eat together.

There are some rural customs in the north, such as tying Vulcan, using corn stalks or wheat stalks to help on a stick, then lighting it and sending it to the river from your home, indicating that there is no fire at home for a year.

Kitchen God wants to check the household registration, so every household should stay at home, prepare rich fruits, burn incense, light candles and set off firecrackers to show their welcome.

From grade one to grade four, shops are closed and women don't need to sew.