What fonts are there in China's calligraphy?

There are Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Jinwen, Shi Guwen, Dazhuan, Lishu, regular script and so on.

1, Oracle Bone Inscriptions

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is an ancient script in China, which is also called "Wen Qi", "Oracle Bone Inscriptions", "Yin Ruins" or "tortoise shell and animal bones".

As an early form of Chinese characters, it is the oldest mature script of China Dynasty, which was first unearthed in Yin Ruins in Anyang City, Henan Province. It belongs to ancient Chinese, not the ancient or primitive language of other languages.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions was discovered in the Yin Ruins in Anyang City, Henan Province, China. It is the cultural product of the Shang Dynasty (about17th century BC1century BC), about 3600 years ago.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions has a symmetrical and stable pattern. Prepare three elements of calligraphy, namely, using a pen, finishing words and composing music. Judging from the number and structure of fonts, Oracle Bone Inscriptions has developed into a more rigorous and systematic writing.

The "six-character" principle of Chinese characters is reflected in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. But the traces of the original picture and the original words are still obvious.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the cultural product of Shang Dynasty (about17th century BC-1century BC), about 3600 years ago.

2. Jinwen

Bronze inscription is a kind of writing carved on a bronze bell or tripod. Bronze inscriptions originated in Shang Dynasty and prevailed in Zhou Dynasty. They were developed on the basis of Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

Because it is engraved on the Zhong Ding, it is sometimes called Zhong Dingwen. According to statistics, there are about 3,005 words on inscriptions on bronze, of which 1804 are known, slightly more than Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

Bronze inscriptions inherited from Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and began with Xiao Zhuan in Qin Dynasty. Most of the books circulated are engraved on Zhong Ding, so they can preserve the original text better than Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and the style is simple. Bronze inscriptions have contributed to the further development of calligraphy in terms of brushwork, word formation and composition.

3. Shi Guwen

Shi Guwen is a stone carving figure in pre-Qin Dynasty, so he got his name because of his drum shape. Found in the early Tang Dynasty, there are ten * * * pieces, about three feet high and two feet in diameter, each engraved with a four-character poem of Dazhuan, with ten * * * pieces, accounting for 718 words.

The content was originally considered as a narrative of the hunting scene of the king of Qin, so it was also called "hunting". After Zheng Qiao's Preface to the Sound of the Stone Drum in the Song Dynasty, the theory of "Stone Drum and Qinshi" became popular.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the Qin Wengong earthquake, Ma Heng in Qin Mugong, Guo Moruo in Qin Xianggong, and the stone drums were all broken. Today, Liu Xing and Liu Mu study the stone drum as a work of Qin Shihuang.

There are many broken words carved on the stone drum. Ouyang Xiu recorded 465 words in the Northern Song Dynasty. The Collection of Fan Tianyi Pavilion in Ming Dynasty has only 462 words. Today, the "Majian" drum has no words. The original stone is now hidden in the Shigu Hall of the Palace Museum.

4. Big seal script

Dazhuan is a widely used font in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. According to legend, it was created by Bo Yi in Xia Dynasty. In a broad sense, Da Zhuan refers to the characters before Xiao Zhuan, including inscriptions on bronze (or "Zhong Dingwen") and inscriptions on bronze (the complexity of inscriptions on bronze), while contemporary Chinese character experts estimate that there should be Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the Qin Dynasty, so it is included now.

The narrow sense of "Da Zhuan" refers to the remains of stone carvings, which were named after the book written by Uncle Ether. Shi Guwen, named after being carved on the stone drum, is the earliest stone inscription and the ancestor of stone carving.

5. Official script

Li Shu, including Qin Li and Han Li, is generally considered to be developed from seal script, with wide and flat font, long horizontal painting and short vertical painting, and paying attention to "silkworm head and goose tail" and "twists and turns".

According to the unearthed bamboo slips, official script originated in Qin Dynasty, and Cheng Miao was also called official script. Han Li reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty, inherited the tradition of seal script, and opened the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which had a great influence on later calligraphy. The calligraphy circle is known as "Tang Kai of Han Li".

6. Regular script

Regular script is also called regular script, real script and official script. It gradually evolved from official script, becoming more simplified and more horizontal and vertical. Ci Hai is interpreted as "square, straight and exemplary". This kind of Chinese character has the correct font and is a modern popular handwritten orthographic Chinese character.

Regular script is also the official name. There are 20 regular calligraphers and 18 regular calligraphers in the provincial history museum of New Tang Book. Regular script, as a formal name, is also called regular script player, who is in charge of calligraphy and writing, and is listed in the same institution because of the different specific division of labor.

"Tongdian Official Twenty-two" records that the regular script writer is an outstanding official. There were no regular script players in Song Dynasty, only regular script.