Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - What are the folk characteristics of Quanfeng Lantern?
What are the folk characteristics of Quanfeng Lantern?
I. Historical origin
Quanfeng Town is located in the northwest border of Xiushui. Quanfeng Lantern originated in Quanfeng Town and radiated to all villages in the county. Quanfeng Lantern belongs to Jiangxi Quyi, which spreads in Tang Cheng and Quanfeng townships under the shogunate mountain in the northwest of Xiushui. Qing Qianlong's "Yi Ning Zhou Zhi" notes: "At the turn of the Ning (now Xiushui) boundary, there are still many villagers in Chu urban villages who attack the old and specialize in witchcraft and prayer." Witchcraft and Taoism are very popular in this area. According to legend, the tune of Quanfeng Lantern comes from Taoist music. Through the comparison between Xian 'an Jing and Taoist Jing Ode, it is found that the main melody of the two songs is feather-seeking mode, the melody style is the same, and the sentence structure is two rhymes and five characters.
The legend of the origin of Quanfeng lamp is also very legendary. Qing Jiaqing's "Yi Ning Zhou Zhi" records that about a long time ago, a Yin and Yang Mr. Cao Zongzhe saw the Longquan section behind Quanfeng Township. The mountains rise and fall like dragons. So, he took his younger brother Cao to start a business here, and built a house and a tree base between two wells to reproduce. His grandson, Cao Xiping, has twelve sons. They all sing lanterns, and they are called "Jiuhuqin", which flourished for a period of time.
Quanfeng Lantern is a specialty of Quanfeng. Lantern, which is called "the second half play" by local people, is not only very different from the popular "the first half play" (Ninghe play), but also different from folk songs in other places. Quanfeng Lantern Festival is generally a festive holiday activity, especially in the Spring Festival, where lanterns from all walks of life gather in rural areas. From the first Lantern Festival to the second Lantern Festival, the west is busy day and night, staying up all night. In addition to the Spring Festival, folk festivals, birthday celebrations, classes, marriage, married women are invited to have a good time. There are more than 20 lantern teams in Quanfeng Town, and there are 5 teams near the town, all equipped with gongs, drums, costumes, props and other equipment. Longquan section 1200 people, 70% can sing lanterns. Cao Zemin, who is still alive, sang three generations of lanterns. For the performance on festive lanterns, we should first choose lantern stickers to inform each other. At the time of departure, the book has a banner of "Celebrating the Entertainment Lights" to clear the way, and lanterns are shining all the way, and gongs and drums are loud. They are active in the backcountry, can perform anytime and anywhere, and are deeply loved by people in mountainous areas.
The performance and singing form of Quanfeng Lantern can be divided into three lines: life, Dan and ugliness. Ugly face hook tofu, holding silk in one hand and handle in the other, making a trembling puppet army state; Wearing glasses and a hat, with a white line drawn on their brow, riding a horse (bamboo paper) and whipping, making fun of Dan Jiao from time to time, and the three of them walked around performing. Four hexagonal flower lanterns stand around the venue. There are many kinds of lanterns, such as bowl lamp, car lamp, egret lamp, monkey jumping circle, fairy grinding, eight immortals crossing the sea and so on. The crane lantern lives in the middle of the band, symbolizing a peaceful, happy and prosperous life. Every year, on the first day of the Spring Festival, drums and lights are played, and until the Lantern Festival, street lamp teams gather in all directions, candles are brightly lit and songs are blown to Shu. Before the lantern class entered the village, they posted lanterns to inform each other. When they set out, there was a banner on the book that said "Celebrate XX Entertainment Lights". Along the way, men and women gathered together, passed by the village households and greeted them with joy. Some of them use cakes and candles, and they also invite lanterns to entertain them when building houses. Lantern songs have a simple plot. Although it is a single article, a series of performances will form a set of stories. Nanjing (including "bringing goods" and "planting flowers in six months"); Love stories such as "Happy New Year", "Tie the Ring" and "Picking Flowers in October and Waiting for Lang Lai"; Pick a girl to drink and Friendship Against Love with extramarital love; "Persuading husband" and "dismounting" of marital friendship; There are Lotus in October, Spring Flowers in October and spend december. Twelve months of picking flowers with labor production; There are also "pick the top scholar", "pregnant in October" and so on.
During the Agrarian Revolution, the Soviet government of xiushui county set up a masquerade group at 1930 to perform opera, song and dance and lantern singing, and once wrote the Twelve-month Revolutionary Song with Quanfeng lanterns to publicize the revolution and policies, which was widely circulated in the border areas of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Quanfeng Lantern has developed greatly. In 1960s, in order to cooperate with the Party's central work, the cadres of county cultural centers imitated the aria of Pregnant in October, created a chorus praising the bumper agricultural harvest, and participated in the Jiujiang Cultural Performance, winning the program award. 1979, the county cultural center recorded and recorded folk art, and rehearsed again. Among them, the traditional lantern tunes "Ten Products", "Flowers in June", "Under Nanjing" and "Winter jasmine in October" were rated as excellent programs of Jiujiang folk song concert, and the actors Ding and Ding were commended by the conference. Today, there are more than 20 groups of lantern teams in Quanfeng, Tang Cheng and other places. There are gongs, drums, costumes, props and equipment in Longbeng, Huanghe, Lvwo, Huangpao Chong, Shanshuping and Shangyuan Village, and there are many talents. The youngest actor is sixteen, and the oldest is over seventy. There are more than 1200 people in Longquan village alone, that is, 70% farmers can sing lanterns. Some three generations, such as Cao Zemin (born in 1947), are all masters of playing lanterns. Throughout the ages, Longquan has Cao Ganmin (born in 1890), Cao Hanlin (born in 1893), Cao Chengsheng (born in 1929) and Cao Liqun (born in 1923). Dai of Huang Paochong (born in1907); Huang Sha Duan Hu (ugly, born 192 1), Hu (Dan, born 1958), (musician, born 1959).
2. Folk characteristics
1. Main activities
Quanfeng lanterns are active in remote places, mountains and dense forests. On the night of traditional festivals, lanterns will come unexpectedly, and the lanterns and gongs and drums will be spectacular all the way. Lantern can be performed anytime and anywhere, and is deeply loved by people in mountainous areas. Everywhere, the villagers will set off firecrackers to greet them, entertain them with refreshments, and send greetings and blessings to thousands of families in the night wind.
2. Forms of activities
Quanfeng Lantern is also called "the second half play", and the rap is all authentic Xixiang Quanfeng dialect, which is very different not only from the popular "the first half play" (Ninghe play) in Xiushui, but also from foreign folk songs. Some artists singing lanterns from other places went to the neighboring villages of Quanfeng to inquire, saying that they didn't know what song Quanfeng Lantern was singing, but they could see its uniqueness. The opening content of the Spring Peak Lantern is mostly improvisation, and the instrumental music is mainly percussion instruments, such as clouds, gongs, drums and cymbals. Sometimes accompanied by Hu Qin, flute and suona. The opening, prelude and interlude have the same rhythm, and the lyrics often use "hey" and "yo".
3. Activity content
The tune of Quanfeng Lantern is "Lantern Song", mostly single structure. One song and one eye, the title of the song is the title of the track, which is dedicated to the song. The mode is mostly feather, followed by Shang and Jiao. In particular, it emphasizes the five levels above the tonic, which is closely combined with Quanfeng dialect. Percussion instruments are the main performance, and clouds, gongs, drums and cymbals are played together. Huqin, flute and suona are mixed together to sing. Lyrics are often word-to-word, word-to-word parallelism, and almost every sentence appears words such as ah, ba, yo, oh, hello and so on. Its interlinear sentences, such as "Lotus in a Li", "Willow Beauty" and "Peony Flower", play the role of connecting the preceding with the following, expanding sentences and supplementing sentences at the end of sentences. The artistic conception of the lamp tune is rendered by the word clip sentence, which enhances the strong artistic appeal.
There are eight lanterns (also called basin lanterns) in Quanfeng, and its lighting technician has eight stunts, namely, aunt pushing the mill, mouse breaking the beam, bangs playing boat, monkey fighting, shooting sculptures, sister watching flowers, Dong Bin carrying a sword and Zhang San fighting tigers, all of which belong to theatrical performances. Festive lanterns come to the door to perform. First of all, you should send a "lamp sticker" to inform the other party. At the time of departure, the theme of "Celebrating a Entertainment Lamp" was used to clear the way, and the lights were green and the gongs and drums were loud.
Three. Inherit the status quo
Lantern teams are active in remote places with high mountains and dense forests. They have no stage or curtain, no fields, grasslands, halls and courtyards. They can perform anytime and anywhere, and are deeply loved by people in mountainous areas, sending a peaceful and happy atmosphere to the villagers. There are more than 20 lantern teams in Quanfeng Town, the most active of which are Tang Cheng Street (where the town is located), Longquan Section, Huangsha Section, Mung Bean Nest, Huangpao Chong, Shanshuping and Shangyuan. Each lantern team has gongs and drums, costumes, props and other equipment. The youngest actor is 16 years old, and the older actor is over 70 years old, all of whom have certain singing skills and performance skills. Longquan section 1200 people, 70% of them can sing lanterns, which shows their popularity. Today, Cao Zemin, the main inheritor, and three generations of ancestors are singing lanterns. The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, this folk custom was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
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