The city's urban geography and principles of urban planning are the key concepts of the city's urban geography.

The core of the information city is "informatization", and the prerequisite and foundation for the realization of informatization is a large amount of information that exists in electronic form and can be centrally and orderly managed, ****enjoyed and utilized on the Internet. If there is no such information, city informationization will be like a highway with no vehicles running like a sham. The primary issue of information city construction is to build a set of electronic information base involving all aspects of city operation and management. A city's electronic information base can not be generated out of thin air, these physical forms of paper and other information is not suitable for management on the network, **** enjoy and use. Therefore, these physical forms of storage of a large number of information materials into electronic form, and centralized and orderly management and utilization is the early stage of information technology must be addressed.

Large-scale network infrastructure construction is the city of informatization in the construction of vital work, it will telephone network, cable television network and data communication network "three networks", and on this basis to build a broadband metropolitan area network, the realization of interactive multimedia information dissemination. Its role is equivalent to providing an "information highway" for a large amount of urban information that exists in electronic form to ride freely. However, due to the large-scale network infrastructure construction is costly and time-consuming, any city can not be achieved in one step.

Establishment of e-commerce systems, e-government systems and other business management systems, so that the complex information in an orderly and efficient manner in the "information superhighway", which is the third step in the construction of urban information technology. Although the above three aspects are indispensable, but due to the limited resources that can be invested in the city's information technology construction, it is impossible to make three parallel progress, must have a different focus at each stage.

2 Output per unit area of urban space

Refers to the average output rate of land on the whole urban area. Some media, based on relevant information, generally use the entire area of a region to calculate its output rate, to compare the output per unit area between regions, in order to evaluate the level of development of the region and rank, which, in my opinion, is questionable. Through the study of relevant information, it is not difficult to find that the output rate per unit area calculated by simply using the entire area of a region as the denominator cannot truly reflect the actual level of development of a region, nor can it reflect the intensive utilization of resources per unit area of land in a region. Comparative analysis of the output level per unit area of a region is actually the main comparison of the output level of land in a region, which should be based on the objective comparability of natural resources such as topography, geomorphology and geology between regions, and after deducting some special areas such as waters, deserts and alpine forests, etc. that have a small contribution to the GDP from the area of a region, the average output rate of land in the region should be analyzed and compared under the basically same conditions in order to evaluate the output level per unit area of a region in an objective manner. output level per unit area.

3City Texture

In terms of architecture, the texture is the general buildings that make up the city and the way they are combined. For example, the texture of Beijing is its courtyard houses, hutongs, and a series of elements that make up the city's atmosphere, such as folk customs; the texture of Shanghai is its old Shikumen buildings.

The texture of a city is a strong and continuous forging of urban imagery, which not only characterizes the development of a city from the perspective of the construction of the physical environment, but also explains the historical lineage of a city from the perspective of humanistic aesthetics, and reflects people's active life scenes. Any building that is independent and isolated from the urban fabric is a break in the urban culture and a destruction of urban aesthetics.

4 Coordinated Regional Development

One of the "five integrations" put forward by the Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the People's Republic of China. Specifically: actively promote the development of the western region, revitalize the northeastern region and other old industrial bases, promote the rise of the central region, encourage the eastern region to take the lead in development, continue to give full play to the strengths and enthusiasm of each region, and through the improvement of the market mechanism, cooperation mechanism, mutual assistance mechanism, support mechanism, and gradually reverse the trend of the widening gap between the development of the region, the formation of the East and the West to promote each other, the advantages of each other and complement each other, and the new pattern of the same development of the ****. The new pattern of mutual promotion, complementarity of advantages and ****same development will be formed. In the Recommendations of the Central Committee on the Formulation of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, adopted at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the People's Republic of China, it is further proposed to promote the healthy development of urbanization, insist on the coordinated development of large, medium-sized, small and medium-sized cities and towns, and improve the comprehensive carrying capacity of towns and cities; and continue to give full play to the driving and radiating effect of the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Bohai Sea Rim region on the economic development of the hinterland; Continue to give full play to the role of special economic zones and Shanghai Pudong New Area, and promote the development and opening up of Tianjin Binhai New Area and other areas with better conditions, so as to drive regional economic development. The Decision of the Central Committee of the People's Republic of China on Several Major Issues Concerning the Construction of a Harmonious Socialist Society, adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the People's Republic of China, proposes once again to implement the overall strategy of regional development, to promote the coordinated development of the regions, to form a regional industrial structure with a reasonable division of labor, obvious characteristics and complementary advantages, and to push forward the development of all regions **** the same development; to increase the support for the underdeveloped regions and the regions in difficulty, and to improve the infrastructure, education, health, culture and education of central and western regions infrastructure and education, health, culture and other public ****service facilities, and gradually narrow the gap in basic public ****services between regions; increase support for the old revolutionary areas, ethnic areas, border areas, poverty-stricken areas, as well as the main grain-producing areas, mineral resources development areas, areas with heavy ecological protection tasks, and areas with a small population of ethnic minorities; support the economically developed regions in accelerating the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure and the transfer of industries, supporting advantageous industrial projects in central and western regions, accelerating the transformation of resource advantages in these regions into economic advantages, encouraging the eastern regions to drive and help the development of central and western regions, expanding counterpart assistance from developed regions to less developed regions and ethnic regions, forming a mechanism of mutual benefit with the government as the leading role, the market as the link, enterprises as the main body, and the project as the carrier, and establishing and improving a system of compensated use of resources and a compensation mechanism, and providing support to regions with declining and depleted resources and difficult areas. The establishment of a sound system of compensatory use of resources development and compensation mechanism, and the implementation of support measures for the economic transformation of difficult areas with declining and depleted resources.

5 Wide-mu City

The American architect F.L. Wright put forward the idea of urban planning in the 1930s. He argued that with the development of the automobile and electric power industries, there was no longer a need to centralize all activities in the city; decentralization (including residences and jobs) would become the principle of future city planning. Underlying his urban planning was a desire to maintain the kind of homestead life he himself was familiar with, that of the settlers who owned their own homesteads in Wisconsin in the 1890s or so. In what he described as the "wide-acre city," each single-family home was surrounded by an acre of land that produced food for its own consumption; automobiles were used for transportation, settlements were connected by superhighways, public **** facilities were located along the highways, and gasoline stations were located in commercial centers serving the entire region. This kind of decentralized layout of planning ideas and Le Corbusier advocate centralized layout of the "modern city" is opposed to the idea. 50 ~ 60 years, in the United States, some states in the planning, the "wide acres of the city" idea into practice.

6Weber's theory of industrial location

The main points include the search for the minimum freight cost, the law of agglomeration and dispersion location and the law of labor location.

Weber believed that the point of minimum transportation cost is the best location for industrial layout, and the transportation cost is determined by two major factors: raw material index and distance.

Labor cost is the factor that deforms the locational pattern formed by the transportation cost, causing the first deviation from the industrial location. (Refers to the portion of wages per unit weight of product)

The agglomeration factor is the factor that facilitates the clustering of industry into a particular location, resulting in economic benefits from savings in production and distribution costs.

When the benefits gained from agglomeration are greater than the sum of the increased transportation and labor costs incurred by the firm as a result of agglomeration, the agglomeration factor is the relocation of the firm from the point of lowest transportation and labor costs to the optimal location for agglomeration. (A second shift in industrial location occurs).

7 Duenen's Agricultural Location Theory

The spatial configuration of agricultural production methods generally grows crops close to the city that are bulky and large relative to their price, or produces products that are perishable or must be consumed when fresh. In contrast, as the distance from the city increases, crops are grown that have small freight costs relative to the price of the produce. Around the city, a structure of concentric circles dominated by a particular crop in a given circle will be formed. As the total form of agriculture changes with the different crops grown, a variety of agricultural organizations will be observed in each circle. With the city as the center, the concentric circle structure of free-range agriculture, forestry, crop rotation agriculture, cereal grass agriculture, three-bed agriculture, and animal husbandry are in order from the inside to the outside.

1. The first circle - free-form agriculture circle.

For the nearest urban agricultural zone, mainly produce perishable and difficult to transport products, such as vegetables, fresh milk. Because the means of transportation for the carriage, slow, and the lack of refrigeration technology, so the need for fresh consumption of vegetables, inconvenient transportation of fruit (such as strawberries, etc.), as well as perishable products (such as milk, etc.), etc. in the nearest city production, the formation of free-form agricultural circle. The size of this circle is determined by the size of consumption determined by the size of the urban population.

2. The second circle - the forestry circle.

Fuelwood, construction timber, charcoal, etc., which are supplied to the cities, are economically necessary to be grown close to the cities (the second circle) due to their large weight and volume.

3. The third circle - the circle of crop rotation agriculture.

There is no recreational land, and crops are grown on all arable land, with rotation of cereals (wheat) and fodder crops (potatoes, peas, etc.) as the main feature. Duenen proposes a six-zone rotation for each plot, with potatoes in zone one, barley in zone two, alfalfa in zone three, rye in zone four, bowl beans in zone five and rye in zone six. Fifty percent of this arable land is planted to cereals.

4. The fourth circle - the cereal-grass type agricultural circle.

For cereals (wheat), pasture, and fallow rotation zones. Du Neng proposed a seven-zone crop rotation for each plot of land. Unlike the third circle there is always a zone for recreational land, seven-zone rotation as the first zone rye, the second zone barley, the third zone oats, the fourth, fifth and sixth zones for pasture, while the seventh zone is barren recreational land. Forty-three percent of the total cropland is under cereal cultivation.

5. The fifth circle - the three-bedded agricultural circle.

This circle is the furthest away from the city of cereal farming circle, but also the most rough cereal farming circle. Three beds of agriculture will be near the farm every piece of land is divided into three areas, the first area of rye, the second area of barley, the third area of leisure, three areas of crop rotation, that is, three beds of crop rotation system. The areas away from the farmhouse are used as permanent pasture. Only 24% of the total cropland in this agri-circle is under cereal cultivation.

6. Sixth Circle - Animal Husbandry Circle.

This circle is the outermost circle of the Durnen circle, which produces cereal and wheat crops for self-sufficiency only, and pasture for raising livestock, and supplying urban markets with livestock products such as butter and cheese. According to Duenen calculations this circle is located 51-80km from the city. This zone is mainly located in the outskirts of the city and provides the city with meat and dairy products for daily needs, with fast renewal cycles and high commodity rates. Outside this circle, where the land rent is zero, it is unutilized wasteland.

8 Concepts Related to Intensive Land Use

In essence, intensive land use is the relationship between land inputs and outputs, i.e., to obtain the highest outputs with the least amount of inputs on the land, and its connotation is extended to include the following three meanings:

1. Intensive land plot use, which refers to the intensive use of plots of a certain type of land use in a region.

2, land type intensive utilization, it refers to the intensive utilization of the same land use type of land in the region.

3, regional land intensive use, mainly according to the natural attributes of limited land resources (land economy, ecology, applicability) and social attributes (market supply and demand, urban development needs, socio-economic development needs) on the optimal allocation of land resources utilization. The intensive and efficient use of various land types at the same time, under the conditions of the regional land use rationality structure to achieve the maximum output of regional land and land use efficiency, to achieve the intensive use of regional land.

9 Spillover effect

The so-called spillover effect refers to the fact that when an organization carries out an activity, it not only produces the expected effect of the activity, but also has an impact on people or society outside the organization. In short, it means that an activity is going to have an external benefit, and one that is not available to the subject of the activity.

10 Chinese and foreign urban renewal theory

The modern urban renewal in the West can be divided into two main stages, one is in the form of planning (physical design) as the core of modern urban planning ideas under the influence of large-scale, radical renewal; the second is under the influence of the idea of sustainable development to emphasize the functionality of the small-scale, incremental renewal, community planning, multiple participation as the main characteristics.

In China, the multi-targeted and rapid renewal of central cities can be divided into two stages: the small-scale physical renewal stage with local dangerous house renovation and infrastructure construction as the main target; and the stage of gradually moving towards the renewal stage with the inclusion of material renewal, spatial and functional structural adjustment, and optimization of the humanistic environment and other social, economic, and cultural contents under the promotion of diversified power mechanisms.

11 Theories of Regional Planning in China and Abroad

Throughout the various types of regional planning in different countries, as well as the different theories and methods of regional planning, basically, they all revolve around three major themes: how to recognize and coordinate the differences in regional development, how to recognize and coordinate the differences in the development of the regional cities and villages, and how to recognize the role of the three forces of the market, the government, and the society in the development of the region. The role of market, government and society in regional development. It can be said that the differences in regional planning theories are fundamentally due to the differences in the regional planning ideas that recognize the above three major issues. Throughout the change of the leading ideas of regional planning theory, there are the following obvious trends: in terms of the idea of regional development, there is a low level of balanced development to the uneven development of the region, and then to the relatively balanced and integrated development of the region, and then to the regional development of the region. And then to regional relative balance and integration of the theoretical evolution of the path of development, the main regional development theory is basically built on the basis of regional unbalanced development ideas. In terms of the regulatory model of regional planning, the liberal planning ideology and government intervention in the planning ideology, while the former emphasizes the participation, consultation and other "governance" model is being emphasized.

12 Internalization of External Effects in Urban Development

External effects can also explain the impact of the activities of an individual economic agent is not manifested in his own costs and benefits, but will bring benefits or disadvantages to other economic agents. External benefits include positive and negative external effects.

Internalization of external effects to optimize the urban transport structure

With the rapid development of social and economic development and accelerating urbanization, the population of China's large cities is expanding dramatically, and the demand for transportation is growing rapidly, so the urban transportation problem is becoming more and more prominent. Based on the correct understanding of the external costs and benefits of various modes of passenger transportation in large cities, the proposed measures to internalize the external effects will be conducive to the construction of a fair and reasonable passenger transportation traffic structure in large cities, thus solving the problems plaguing the development of large cities. (Source: Beijing Green Dimension Planning and Design Institute)