The basic meaning of hotel

Accommodation Function

Dining Function

Business Function

Home Function

Vacation Function

Conference Function 1. the base of tourist activities

2. to create tourism income

3. to create employment opportunities for the society

4. to promote the development and change of the society's consumption mode and consumption structure

5. to promote the development of other industries

6. to promote the development of other industries

7. Consumption structure development and change

5. Drive the development of other industries

6. Hotel development level is the level of tourism development and the social economy and civilization of the level of symbols of the hotel's emergence and development process has a long history, has been thousands of years of history. The modern hotel, is from the Chinese post house, the Middle East caravanserai, ancient Rome's shed, Europe's roadside hotels and the United States of America's wagon inn evolved.

The development of the world's hotel industry

Modern hotels are developed on the basis of the traditional food and lodging industry, and its development process can be roughly divided into four periods: (12th century, 18th century)

The inns were developed gradually with the development of commodity production and commodity exchange. The earliest inns, which can be traced back to the end of human primitive society and the early stage of slave society, were created to meet the requirements of diplomatic exchanges, religious and commercial travel, imperial and aristocratic cruises and other activities of ancient countries. In the West, the inn as a lodging facility has long existed, but the real popularity is in the 15th 18th century. At that time, although many European countries such as France, Switzerland, Italy and Austria and other countries of the inn has been quite common, but to the British inn is the most famous.

The characteristics of the inn: the general scale is very small, simple building, simple equipment, low prices; only provide simple food and accommodation, resting place or car and horse and other means of transportation; service, guests in the inn often crowded together to sleep, eat and the hosts ate almost the same home-cooked meals. At that time, these residences, just a place to rest, no other services; management, mainly government-run, there are some folk operating small stores: that is, independent family business, is part of the family home, the family is the owner and operator of the inn, there is no other personnel specializing in the management of the inn. Later, with the development of society. The increase in the types of tourism activities, the scale of the inn is also increasingly expanding, the types continue to increase.

Late British inns have improved greatly. By the 15th century, some inns already have 20 to 30 rooms, when the better inns usually have a wine cellar, pantry and kitchen, and for the owner and the horseman with the room. Many of the old inns also had garden lawns, as well as ballrooms and dance halls with fireplaces.

By this time the English inn was a place where people met and socialized and exchanged information. Indeed, in the 18th century, inns in many parts of the world were not just places for passers-by to stay, but also centers of social, political, and commercial activity.

It can be said that these simple lodging facilities are not the full meaning of the hotel. But it is the prototype of the hotel. (The end of the 18th century and the middle of the 19th century)

With the emergence and development of the capitalist economy and tourism, tourism began to become an economic activity, and luxury hotels were created to serve the upper ruling class.

On the European continent, many accommodation facilities named "hotel" appeared. Whether it is the appearance of luxury buildings, or elegant interior decoration; whether it is luxury equipment, fine tableware, or service and dining in a variety of prescribed forms, are the result of the commercialization of the lifestyle of the former princes and nobles. Instead of providing food and lodging to travelers, the hotels were meant to provide them with luxurious enjoyment. That is why people call this period the period of luxury hotels (also known as the period of grand hotels).

It is generally believed that the first accommodation facility in Europe that could truly be called a hotel was the Baden State Villa, built in Baden, Germany. Subsequently, many countries in Europe to build a large construction, scrambling to build luxury hotels. At that time, a representative hotel in Paris in 1850 built the Grand Hotel de Paris; 1874 opened in Berlin, Caesar's Grand Hotel; 1876 opened in Frankfurt, Frankfurt Grand Hotel and 1889 opened in Lunjiao Savoy Hotel, and so on.

The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the United States also appeared a number of luxury hotels, which in these hotels, Swiss hotel owners Cesar Ritz opened the hotel, can be said to be the most representative of the luxury hotel era hotel. He built and operated the hotel and his own name became the most luxurious, the highest class, the most fashionable synonym. Ritz in the hotel service made innovation and efforts, hotel business law and practical experience, in today's high-level hotels around the world by the inheritance and use of its famous business motto: guests can never be wrong "by many hotel entrepreneurs as a legacy and passed on from generation to generation

Luxury hotels are characterized by: a large-scale, luxurious buildings and facilities, decorative exquisite; The supply of the most exquisite food, the arrangement of the most high-grade furniture, many luxury hotels have become a contemporary and even the world's architectural art treasures, the hotel within the division of labor clearly, the service work and service personnel requirements are very strict, pay attention to the quality of service; hotel within the emergence of a specialized management body. Promote the development of hotel management and its theory. Luxury hotels are the result of the commercialization of the new affluent class lifestyle and social activities. (The end of the 19th century, the 1950s)

Commercial hotel period, is the world's most active hotel era. It is an important stage in the development of the hotel industry, it makes the hotel industry eventually become a general civilian service object industry, it is from all aspects of the modern hotel industry foundation.

In the early 20th century, the world's largest hotel owner appeared in the United States, he is Ellsworth Milton Statler. 1908 Statler in the United States Buffalo built the first by his personal design and named after him Statler Hotel, the hotel is designed for travelers, adapted to the needs of the market to create a general civilian affordable price conditions. The hotel was designed for the traveler, adapting to market needs and creating a new type of hotel with the goal of providing the best service in the world at a price that was affordable to the general public, ushering in a new era of hotel development.

Statler in the hotel business has many innovations and measures: he managed his hotel according to uniform standards, whether you go to Boston, Cleveland, or New York, Buffalo, as long as you live in Statler's hotel, standardized services can be guaranteed; his hotel has an overnight laundry, automated ice supply, disinfection of the toilet seat, newspaper delivery and other services; pay attention to the art of business. Focus on improving the level of service, personally developed (Statler service manual). Created a modern hotel precedent. Statler's hotel business ideas and both scientific and rational and concise appropriate management methods, such as "hotel business is the first location, the second is the location, the third or the location," etc., so far on the hotel industry is still very enlightening, the modern hotel business has an important impact.

The basic characteristics of commercial hotels are: first, the commercial hotel service object is the general public, mainly to receive business guests, large-scale, well-equipped facilities and equipment, complete services, comfort, cleanliness, safety and practicality, do not pursue luxury and extravagance. Secondly, low price policy was implemented to make customers feel that the charges were reasonable and the money was well spent; thirdly, hotel operators and owners were gradually separated, and the hotel business activities were completely commercialized, paying attention to economic efficiency and aiming at making profits; fourthly, the management of the hotels was gradually scientific and efficient, focusing on the market research and the selection of the market targets, paying attention to the training of employees and improving work efficiency. (After the 1950s)

After World War II, with the worldwide economic recovery and prosperity, the rapid growth of the population, the world appeared in the international mass tourism. The progress of science and technology has greatly improved the transportation conditions. For travel to create the conditions; labor productivity increases, people's disposable income increases, out of tourism and enjoy the rapid expansion of hotel services, accelerating the popularization of tourism activities and the world's political, economic, cultural and other aspects of the frequent interaction. This change in social demand, prompting the hotel industry has entered the modern hotel period.

In the 1960s, large-scale automobile hotels began to appear in various places, and gradually to the city development, the building is also higher and higher, so that automobile hotels and ordinary hotels become difficult to distinguish. The degree of luxury is much more than the original similar hotels. Brightly colored interior decorations were used to attract customers. Tiled bathrooms, carpeting, air conditioning, and swimming pools were standard amenities in every hotel. By the mid-1960s, the rapid development of automobile hotel associations and franchising, a hotel business, to a large extent, on the network of associations between the hotel mutual referral sources.

In the modern era of new hotels, the hotel industry developed in the region is not limited to Europe and the United States, but all over the world. The hotel industry in Asia from the 1960s to the present day, its size, grade, service standards, management level, etc. is no less than the hotel industry in Europe and the United States. In the United States (institutional investors) magazine organized every year in the world's top ten best hotels in the selection of authoritative, Asian hotels often occupy more than half, and ranked first. By the Hong Kong Oriental Mandarin Hotel Group management of the Oriental Hotel in Bangkok, Thailand, for more than a decade has been in the world's top ten best hotels on the list. In the hotel industry in the Asian region, has emerged as a larger hotel group companies, such as Japan's Okura Hotel Group, Japan's new Otani Hotel Group, Hong Kong Oriental Mandarin Hotel Group, Hong Kong Regent Hotel Group, Singapore Shangri-La Hotel Group, Singapore Mandarin Hotel Group, etc., these hotel group companies not only in the Asian region to invest in or manage hotels. Wells have expanded to Europe and the United States.

The main features of modern hotels: the diversification of the tourism market structure prompted the diversification of the type of hotel (such as resort hotels, sightseeing hotels, business hotels, membership clubs hotels); the diversification of market demand caused by the constant changes in the hotel facilities, the mode of operation is more flexible; the hotel industry's high profits intensified market competition, so that the hotel and other industries or joint chain, group management The road of operation; modern science and technology revolution and the development of scientific management theory, so that modern hotel management is increasingly scientific and modernized.