How to Cultivate Primary School Chinese Core Literacy PPT

On Chinese Core Literacy and Its Cultivation

First, the understanding of several concepts

To talk about "Chinese core literacy", we must clarify several concepts.

What is "literacy"? Elements can be understood as true colors and essence; Cultivation can be understood as self-cultivation, self-cultivation and self-cultivation. Elements, focusing on innate genes, personality characteristics and personality tendencies; Self-cultivation focuses on the acquired external education, cultural edification and life experience. "Literacy" refers to the ability and literacy acquired by individuals through acquired education and training on the material basis of genetic genes.

What is "core literacy"? This is a brand-new concept, which first appeared in the Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening Curriculum Reform and Implementing the Fundamental Task of Moral Education issued by the Ministry of Education. "Core literacy" is placed in the basic position of deepening curriculum reform and implementing moral education goals. "Core literacy" refers to the necessary character and key ability that students should have to meet the needs of lifelong development and social development. The comprehensive performance is nine accomplishments, namely: "social responsibility, national identity, international understanding, humanistic background, scientific spirit, aesthetic taste, physical and mental health, learning to learn, and practicing innovation".

What is "Chinese Core Literacy"? "Chinese Curriculum Standard for Senior High School" divides "Chinese core literacy" into four dimensions: language ability, thinking ability, aesthetic taste and cultural literacy. I think the so-called "core literacy" must be the most basic, main and essential literacy. It is the literacy of growth and the literacy of seeds. Based on this understanding, I think "Chinese core literacy" can be refined into language ability and humanistic literacy.

The key ability of Chinese is language ability. If a person is eloquent, eloquent, vivid and infectious, we can say that his Chinese literacy is very strong. As Mr. Lu Xun said, "Laughter and scolding are both articles." Thinking ability can be integrated into language ability, because language is the material shell and carrier of thinking. If a person's language is very organized and sharp, then we can say that this person's thinking is very organized and profound. If someone's language is confused, upside down, and the preface doesn't match the latter, we can say that this person is confused and disorganized. Language is the expression of thinking and the external characteristics of thinking, and the two are inseparable.

Aesthetic taste and cultural accomplishment can be integrated into humanistic accomplishment. If language ability is the key ability of Chinese, then humanistic quality is the necessary character of Chinese. Humanistic quality is the orientation of language ability and provides an inexhaustible source of strength for language ability.

Second, what is the connotation of Chinese core literacy?

Humanistic literacy includes three dimensions:

One is emotion, attitude and values. To see a person's core literacy of Chinese, we should first see whether he or she likes Chinese and is interested in it. With hobbies, he (she) will enjoy it and have endless fun. Mr. Qian Liqun said: "Interest makes people excellent, and tasks can only make people qualified." Mr. Bing Xin said, "With love, there is everything." With love, there is motivation, fun, time, accumulation, background, growth and achievement. ...

Value guiding ability. The so-called values, in layman's terms, are the judgments and choices of right and wrong. The country now advocates socialist core values, which is to correct the original value education without value judgment and value confusion. For a time, the education sector advocated multiple values, even without value orientation, which led to students' confusion between right and wrong and good and bad. For example, when an old man falls on the road, young people dare not help him. Think that people who make money are successful people and so on. These wrong value orientations are harmful to teenagers. Thousands of years of Chinese education in China have emphasized that "literature carries Tao", and the "Tao" here is values. We can't lose the fine traditions of our ancestors!

Secondly, aesthetic taste. Aesthetic taste is the special ability of aesthetic subject to appreciate, identify and judge beauty and ugliness, including aesthetic feeling, sensibility, imagination, judgment and creativity.

Everyone has a love of beauty. But what is beauty is a matter of opinion. To cultivate students' aesthetic taste in Chinese education, students should first distinguish between what is beautiful and what is ugly. We can't take strangeness as beauty, strangeness as beauty, vulgarity as beauty and ugliness as beauty. Then what is beauty? I thought "truth" was beauty. Truth, goodness and beauty are the premise. Without truth, sincerity and truth, beauty has no foundation. Fake ones are not beautiful! "It's true when it's fake, and it's true when it's fake." In today's society, fakes are rampant, lip-synching is proud, and all the fakes are true. How can we get them? It is the bottom line and the guarantee of beauty. Good is also beautiful. All good deeds are good deeds! Kindness is a virtue, and cultivating a kind citizen is better than "exquisite egoism" with a high score of 100. We should praise students for their kindness, sympathy for the weak, fairness and justice, courage to take responsibility, compassion, no flattery and good character.

"Life is not without beauty, but a lack of eyes to find beauty." It is necessary to train children to develop a pair of "golden eyes" that discover beauty, appreciate beauty and create beauty. If everyone has beautiful eyes, beautiful hearts and beautiful hands, how wonderful our world will be!

The third is cultural heritage. A person with the core literacy of Chinese must have a profound cultural background. Cultural heritage is a big concept. As far as China literature is concerned, the so-called cultural heritage is a person's accumulation of all classic cultures, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. What kind of cultural background does a China person need?

Need the inside story of classic poetry. China is a country of poetry, and China culture is a culture of poetry, which has nurtured the Chinese nation. Confucius said, "If you don't read poetry, you have nothing to say." "Three hundred poems, in a word, innocent thinking." "Boy, what MoXueFu poem? Poetry can be wonderful, ornamental, grouped and resentful; Your father is a thing, and your father is a distant thing; Learn more about the names of birds, animals and plants. " Poetry teaching makes people gentle, respectful and frugal, and makes people "self-satisfied with poetry and books." Reading poetry makes people witty, and those who grow up reading poetry are smart at heart and beautiful in appearance. What an excellent nation composed of elegant, gentle and honest people!

Need the inside story of literary classics. Literary masterpieces are the epitome of national culture and the spokesmen of national spirit and soul. Journey to the West cultivates children's unlimited imagination. "You can stay on the moon for nine days, but you can catch turtles in five oceans." He is free and unconstrained style, walking on clouds, and doing somersaults for hundreds of miles. You can have three heads and six arms, or you can live forever; You can fly to the Three Realms and enjoy the Dragon Palace. The boy's wonderful imagination was ignited in a The Journey to the West. The Water Margin cultivates the chivalrous spirit of students. "If the road is uneven, shout, and if you shoot, shoot." Romance of the Three Kingdoms shaped Zhuge Liang, the embodiment of students' wisdom. After reading the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, countless teenagers dreamed of becoming Kongming's "black silk scarf with feather fan", which was calculated skillfully and won thousands of miles. A Dream of Red Mansions is the epitome of China culture. A Dream of Red Mansions is about all kinds of people. It is not only a study of China culture, but also a study of human nature. It is not only a love novel, but also a study of human feelings; It includes not only architecture, but also clothing, cooking, medicine and poetry ... A Dream of Red Mansions is an all-inclusive and independent Dream of Red Mansions. Literary masterpieces are the cultural foundation of students and the bright background of students' spirit.

Need the inside story of Shirley's history. According to the ancients, Shirley's history is undifferentiated. Literature is human studies, and literature is an image diagram of human society. Philosophy is the knowledge of all kinds of knowledge, which guides all sciences and is full of curiosity, doubt, inquiry and wisdom. Philosophy is the pursuit and love of wisdom. History is full of wisdom, and reading history makes people wise; Literature is full of wisdom, giving people inspiration, imagination and enlightenment of truth, goodness and beauty. When literature, philosophy and history are integrated, our hearts are filled with the light of wisdom.

Language ability includes two dimensions:

One is the dimension of speaking, writing and expression. Strong language skills, first of all, in oral and writing skills. Kan Kan talks, eloquent, eloquent, witty and vivid; Writing pen, full of literary thoughts, wonderful pen and flowers, writing like a god, full of interest, made in one fell swoop This is a sign of strong language ability.

As an oral expression, modern society is particularly important. Shortness is a few words, hitting the point and making the finishing point; Dragons are magnificent, not branches and vines, which are exciting. Oral English emphasizes short sentences, clarity and cadence.

Writing is a written expression, and writing should have reader awareness. Let others like reading, interesting and interesting; Let others understand, around the theme, popular and smooth; To make others read tastefully, it is necessary to emphasize the artistry of expression, or implication, or humor, or humor, or solemnity, so that readers seem to be "not tired of reading you a thousand times."

The second is the dimension of listening, reading and absorption. It is the ability to understand what others say. Understand the meaning in other people's words, and also understand the meaning outside others' words. To capture the main information of other people's words, listen to a report and a lecture, and extract the main spirit and outline; Also have a strong ability to repeat, listen to a story, tell a story, and be able to repeat creatively. This is a childlike innocence skill that everyone has practiced in Mo Yan, Hu Shi and other languages.

Reading all kinds of articles is an important ability of Chinese. Reading poetry, you can understand the inner feelings and artistic conception of poetry; When reading prose, you can grasp the eye of the text, lift the collar and pause; Reading novels can read the character and image of the characters in the development of the plot; When reading modern expository texts, you can grasp the main points, understand the principles and operate by the chapter. Literature has three flavors: "Reading classics tastes like rice, reading history tastes like vegetables, and reading a hundred schools of thought tastes like vinegar". We should really understand the profound meaning of "poetry and books taste long".

Third, what are the general strategies for cultivating core literacy?

1. Pay attention to reading

Everyone knows the importance of reading. How to attach importance to reading in daily teaching?

First, we should pay attention to reading in class. Classroom reading first refers to textbook reading. The textbooks are carefully selected by editors, and most of them are both literary and beautiful. Our teacher should guide students to concentrate on reading, savor carefully and turn others into themselves.

Regarding reading textbooks, I have a suggestion: don't read in general, but grasp a point and go deeper. For example, reading "Sleeping in the Ancient Temple in Li Shizhen" allows students to appreciate the beauty of environmental description; After reading The Sea of Yantai, let the students learn to describe the scenery of a place by analogy. After reading the first apricot blossom, let the students practice using character hints. With such long-term persistence, students will certainly gain a lot.

Second, we should pay attention to extracurricular reading. "Curriculum Standard" points out: "We should pay attention to cultivating students' extensive reading interest, expanding reading scope, increasing reading volume and improving reading taste. Advocate doing fewer questions, reading more, reading good books, reading good books and reading whole books. Mr. Zhou pointed out in the article "If I were a Chinese teacher": "If I were a Chinese teacher, I only asked students to do two things. One is to let students read a lot and form the habit of reading every day. The other is to let students form the habit of keeping a diary every day. "A habit of reading, a habit of writing, caught the bull's nose of Chinese teaching.

Extracurricular reading is to cultivate students' interest in reading first. "Interest is the best teacher", which is the truth! The second is to form the habit of reading. A good habit is literacy. Once students form the habit of never putting down their books, their life is half finished.

Third, we should pay attention to personalized reading. "Reading is a personalized behavior of students." Different students have different reading interests and tendencies. Girls are beautiful, boys are sci-fi, children are fairy tales and myths, and teenagers are realistic detectives. We should encourage students to have different reading interests and don't stop or stifle them. In encouragement and appreciation, gradually guide students to expand the scope of reading and cultivate various reading interests. Even if students' reading interest is narrow, they should be respected and encouraged.

Step 2 pay attention to accumulation

Reading is both absorption and accumulation. But the accumulation I emphasize here refers to the accumulation of classic poems and recitation. Mr. Zhu Ziqing once said: I would rather recite a poem than read a hundred poems in general. Because the poems you usually read belong to others after all, the poems you recite become your own. For example, the articles I have read, like the food I have seen in restaurants, are just for my eyes, while the poems I have recited, like the food I have eaten, will become the nutrition of your spirit and nourish your life.

What accumulation should primary schools have?

The first is the accumulation of poetry. I don't think it is a problem to recite two or three hundred poems in primary school. Starting with five-character quatrains, it gradually moves towards seven-character quatrains, regular poems and Song Ci. There are 300 poems, with an average of 50 poems a year for six years, 25 poems a semester, a little over a week, which does not increase the burden on students at all. Poetry recitation, to be familiar with, to understand the main idea, and finally to the degree of familiarity. Only when you have a thorough understanding can you never forget it. Of course, modern and contemporary excellent children's poems can also be put in, but we must choose excellent and recognized ones.

Secondly, the accumulation of Chinese classics. For example, Three Amethyst, Disciples' Rules, Qian Wen Zi, Li Weng Dui Yun, and Enlightenment of Rhyme, which are traditional American short sentences, should be recited by students. I am against rote learning. Students should be interested in reciting and recite on the basis of understanding. Telling stories and legends can attract students and students can recite them. They can arrange exhibition links and places so that students can enjoy the joy of success. Middle and senior students can also recite excerpts from The Analects of Confucius, Laozi, Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius, and sow the seeds of traditional culture for students from an early age.

Step 3 pay attention to thinking

Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." Brecht said: "Thought is one of the greatest pleasures of mankind." People are great because of thinking, happy because of thinking and grow up because of thinking. However, throughout the current Chinese classroom, false questions, shallow thinking and no thinking abound. The important evaluation criteria of a good classroom are the length of effective thinking, the thickness of valuable thinking and the intensity of deep thinking.

How to increase effective thinking and deep thinking in classroom teaching to challenge students' intelligence?

First, let the students jump up and pick peaches. "Jump" means that students have to think, work hard, explore, collide and even suffer setbacks before they can arrive. It is necessary to prevent students from finding ready-made answers in books and from blurting them out without thinking. For example, in Li Bai's poem To Wang Lun, if you ask, "Where do you see the deep friendship between Wang Lun and Li Bai?" This is a shallow question. Students can answer without thinking: "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet and not as good as Wang Lun." If you ask, "Why didn't Wang Lun see you off early or late, and wait until Li Bai got on the boat and left?" This is a very realistic problem and worth thinking about. Students must contact the relationship between the two and expand their imagination to make an answer.

Second, don't give students a unique answer. Chinese is different from mathematics, and the answer is often not unique. If we emphasize the unified standard answer, it will limit students' thinking and imprison them. China people's answers are not judged by "right" or "wrong", but by "good" and "bad". For example, use "monkey" as the upper link and ask students to answer its lower link. Students can answer "Tang Sanzang", "Hu Shizhi" or "Zu Chongzhi", all of which are correct answers. But in comparison, Zu Chongzhi is more neat and appropriate, so it is better. If we open students' minds and let each student tell a unique answer, the sparks of students' innovative thinking will shine.

Step 3 pay attention to your expression

Giving a speech three minutes before class, holding a short story meeting, allowing students to express their opinions loudly in groups and classes, and choosing class speakers are all effective measures to cultivate students' oral expression ability.

Chinese teachers should pay more attention to written expression ability. There are many ways and methods to cultivate students' written expression ability, and the most effective and operable method for front-line teachers is the combination of reading and writing. For example, learning "Sleeping in the Ancient Temple in Li Shizhen" allows students to imitate the text and write a description of the environment. Learning Spring Festival couplets can help students taste words and refine sentences in the Chinese practice of couplets. After studying Master Maupassant, let the students observe the clothes, facial expressions and gait of three people passing by on the road, and practice the detailed description. Practice one lesson at a time and choose the right combination of reading and writing. When students learn a lesson and practice a lesson, they will surely step into the hall of written expression and acquire the true meaning of expression.

Fourth, suggestions on improving classroom teaching and enhancing the core literacy of Chinese.

1. Start high. The starting point is the starting point of teaching and learning. Students are not a blank sheet of paper, they already have a certain cognitive foundation and life experience. Especially in today's network society, students have diversified ways to acquire information and knowledge, and they may not know less than teachers. If the teacher still teaches from scratch, it will certainly dampen students' cognitive dignity and enthusiasm for learning, and make students feel that Chinese is too "naive" and has no fun in learning challenges. How to "start higher"? Our experience is to study first and let students study before class. Teachers design a "learning list" in advance, so that students can fully study before class, and the starting point of classroom teaching will naturally improve. Students really come into the classroom with questions, ideas and feelings, and have an equal dialogue with teachers in the classroom.

2. More capacity. More than 95% of the selected Chinese texts in primary schools are written in vernacular Chinese, which is characterized by being clear and easy to understand without "chewing slowly". However, in the traditional Chinese class, a text often takes two to three hours to teach, with little delay and low cost. In fact, our predecessor, the famous special-grade teacher Huo Maozheng, has long explored an efficient way of Chinese teaching: others learn more than 20 texts a semester, and she teaches 95 texts a semester. Facts have proved that this experience is effective and completely possible! How to increase capacity? There are two methods: one is subject reading. Focusing on a theme, highlighting the understanding of the theme with a number of articles; The second is reading with style. Focusing on a certain style, highlighting the stylistic characteristics with a number of articles; The third is writing and reading. Pay attention to writing skills, teach a number of articles, and highlight writing methods.

3. It's a little more difficult. Teaching is difficult, which is a very important teaching principle. However, our Chinese discipline often ignores this principle, so it doesn't matter much if students don't attend Chinese classes for a month or even a semester. A good class must have a tense intellectual life, which is in line with the laws of brain science. The brain is characterized by "liking the new and hating the old" and liking challenges. New knowledge is naturally attractive and attractive to the brain. When new knowledge is challenging and exciting, the brain is excited, brain cells are activated and thinking is developed. Of course, the difficulty is relative. What most students can solve through thinking, collision, communication and teacher's inspiration and guidance is the appropriate difficulty, that is, the difficulty of children. Therefore, it is very important for teachers to choose appropriate texts and design thoughtful questions in preparing lessons, which can fully reflect teachers' teaching literacy and teaching art.

4. Broader horizons. Broader horizons mean that teachers should broaden the horizons of curriculum content. Mr. Lv Shuxiang said: "Law is learned in the classroom and benefits from extracurricular activities." Chinese teachers should not only pay attention to textbook texts, but also pay attention to extracurricular texts; We should not only attach importance to Tang poetry and Song poetry, but also attach importance to Chinese classics. We should attach importance to both ancient myths and modern picture books; We should not only pay attention to China's fairy tales, but also pay attention to the world children's literature ... The extension of Chinese is as wide as that of life. Teachers' curriculum vision affects students' ideological vision, and our Chinese curriculum should be open in all directions.

5. Teaching is more interesting. Whether teaching is interesting or not is directly related to students' emotional attitude towards Chinese subject. I made a survey to find out what kind of teaching students welcome most. The most popular teaching for students is humorous, interesting and vivid. I once said: "The highest level of Chinese teaching is fun." Fun is to raise teaching to the realm of art, free will and happy learning. Mr. Liang Qichao said in the article "The Interest of Learning": "I am a person who advocates interest. If we divide Liang Qichao by chemistry and extract an element called "interest" from it, I am afraid there will be only zero left. " Making knowledge interesting, classroom interesting, teaching interesting and Chinese interesting should be the realm that our Chinese teachers pursue all their lives.