What are the main methods of dialectical thinking?

Dialectical thinking methods include induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concreteness, and the unity of logic and history.

The methods of formal logic and dialectical logic are induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis.

The unique method of dialectical thinking is the unity of abstract and concrete logic and history.

The initial and most basic way of thinking is induction and deduction.

Abstraction and concrete abstraction are the generalization or stipulation of the essence of objective things. Thinking concreteness or rational concreteness is a synthesis formed on the abstract basis, which is different from perceptual concreteness. People's understanding of things has gone through the process from (perceptual) concreteness to abstraction, and from abstraction to (rational) concreteness. For dialectical thinking, it is important to rise from abstraction to concreteness.

The unity of history and logic. The process of rising from abstraction to concreteness is also the historical development process of reappearing objects with logical inevitability. The unity of logic and history is the inherent requirement of rising from abstraction to concreteness.

Logic is rational thinking or abstract thinking, which reflects the regularity of objective things in the form of theory.

History has two meanings:

First of all, it refers to the historical development of objective reality.

Second, it refers to the historical development process of human cognition. History is the basis and content of logic, and logic is the theoretical representation of history, which is a "revised" history.