What is the education system in Britain?

The British education system claims to be one of the most rigorous, complicated and flexible in the world. The purpose of primary education in Britain is to help students develop their personal talents as much as possible and cultivate them to make contributions to society. British law stipulates that parents must ensure that their children between the ages of five and sixteen receive full-time education. About 93% of children in Britain study in public schools, that is, national schools; The schools (sometimes public or private) attended by the rest of the children are not subsidized by public funds. Generally speaking, British national primary schools are designed for children aged five to eleven; In parts of Scotland and England, the age of primary school is extended to twelve. Primary schools are usually divided into "children" and "primary schools". However, in some areas, the schools run by the State Local Education Bureau adopt a three-level system: primary schools and high schools. Pupils turn to high school at the age of eight or nine and go to middle school at the age of twelve or thirteen. Most primary schools are coeducational. Private primary schools are often called "preparatory schools", which prepare students aged seven to thirteen to enter private secondary schools through examinations. Although the government does not stipulate that children under the age of five must go to school, most local education bureaus (LFA) provide preschool or preschool education, which is taught by qualified teachers. At the age of five, according to the law, you must go to school. Most five-year-old children will enter infant schools at this time and junior high schools at the age of seven. Most public schools in Britain merge kindergarten schools with junior high schools. Form a primary school (that is, what we call a primary school). Compared with the primary schools in Chinese mainland, Taiwan Province and Hongkong, the basic education in Britain is much simpler and more relaxed. Perhaps this is at the mercy of western education, and children should play more. Therefore, many children who have been in primary schools in their own countries are always ahead in the English classes. I don't know if it's a good thing or a bad thing. Although most private primary schools in Britain accept overseas students, only a few people come to Britain to "stay in primary schools". In addition, there are independent preschool education classes run by individuals and voluntary organizations. Providing early education for young children can make them better adapt to school life in primary school. Secondary education For many years, the British government has provided compulsory education for students between the ages of five and sixteen. 13 to 16 years old students enter independent schools (that is, junior high schools in Taiwan Province, Hongkong and Chinese mainland). The task of independent school students is basically to prepare for the GCSE exam. GCSE is a general secondary school education certificate, and students can choose up to ten different subjects. Getting the GCSE certificate marks the end of secondary education. After completing the middle school course and getting the GCSE, students can decide whether to go to college or prepare for work. Of course, students can't go directly to colleges and universities at this time. The completion of GCSE is equivalent to the end of the first year of senior high schools in Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province Province. The second and third grades of senior high schools in Taiwan Province and Chinese mainland (about 16- 18) are the period of continuing education (extended education) in Britain. Hong Kong cited the British education system. Remedy education Continuing education refers to education above middle school education and below undergraduate education, usually in continuing education colleges rather than universities. The course focuses on vocational training, but it also caters to the needs of people of different ages for general academic courses. In Britain, people usually go to continuing education colleges to study academic majors, explore their interests, develop and improve their work skills, and then join the business community. All academic and technical subjects, as well as specialized courses for managers, technicians and craftsmen in different industries. Because of the diversity and flexibility of such courses, students do not necessarily need formal academic qualifications, but they can gradually obtain higher qualifications through the initial courses of registered education colleges. In recent years, many city science and technology colleges funded by the central government and industries have been established in Britain, providing a wider range of courses focusing on science and technology for people aged 1 1 to 18. There are more than 800 continuing education colleges and some private colleges funded by the Continuing Education Grants Committee (FEFC) in Britain. The largest continuing education college has more than 20 thousand students; At least less than 200 people. On the one hand, colleges of continuing education, like middle schools, offer advanced level and advanced supplementary level (GCEA-/AS-level) courses and GCSE courses for general education certificates; On the other hand, like some universities, they offer advanced diploma courses. Universities vary in size and offer a variety of courses. Traditionally, courses are divided into full-time and part-time, and the courses offered by individual colleges can reflect the type of industry in which the school is located. In terms of teaching methods, continuing education colleges are more flexible than traditional sixth-grade schools. Some colleges of continuing education are related to the courses of neighboring universities. Students can complete a one-year "foundation course" and then transfer to a neighboring university to continue their undergraduate or advanced diploma courses. Most continuing education colleges do not have dormitories, but the school has special staff to help students find suitable accommodation; Most private universities have dormitories. Except for some college diplomas issued by individual colleges, most of the courses are recognized by independent certification bodies, and the academic qualifications awarded are also internationally recognized. These institutions are not educational institutions, and their courses and examinations are compiled by specific committees, representatives of related industries, technical instructors and government evaluators. The purpose of continuing education is to go to college and get a job. You can study Grade 6 in your old middle school (Grade 6: Extended Grade), or enter the College of Continuing Education (FE College/Junior College) to study one of the following courses: GCSE, GCE A-/AS-levels is a course specially designed for entering universities. If British students decide to go to university at this time, they will join this course. A level is a theoretical course. Courses cover a wide range of subjects, usually lasting one year, two years or eighteen months. It is not suitable for studying GCEA for less than one year, unless it is a re-examination candidate who wants to get better results. These courses are evaluated by one of the recognized examination institutions, and there is no difference in the evaluation level or difficulty of each institution. Students who register for GCEA level generally need to have four GCSE subjects at Grade C or above. Advanced and preparatory courses introductory courses/basic courses preparatory courses are also called basic courses. They are designed for overseas students. Usually, if you graduate, you will be guaranteed a place in a university. Courses generally last for one year, and you can go directly to universities or colleges of higher education for undergraduate studies. The entrance qualification is flexible, but good English is required. Adult students with work experience can also apply. Those who do not meet the requirements for university entrance can prove their ability to enter the undergraduate course if they can complete the course. Secretaries and business students can obtain certificates issued by the Royal Society of Literature (RSA) or the Biben Examinations Society (PEI). Students can choose one or more courses, including office management, secretarial practice, business and accounting. RSA awards diplomas of Grade I (beginner's class), Grade II (intermediate class) and Grade III (advanced class), as well as diplomas of senior personal assistants or above. I.M. Pei's secretarial diploma course is also divided into three levels, which are mainly divided into business courses and secretarial courses. The minimum entry requirements for these two courses are the same, and both need to have three subjects (including English) above GCSE level. If you apply for more professional and advanced courses, you need to pass the GCEA proficiency test. Pre-vocational training courses The Business and Technical Education Association (BTEC) and the Scottish Vocational Education Association (SCOTVEC) are responsible for reviewing courses for training technicians, such as market research assistants or design draftsmen. These people are important middle-level personnel between technicians and professionals. There are 22,000 BTEC courses in Britain. Applicants for the BTEC two-year national diploma must have four GCSE subjects with grade C or above. Those who have successfully completed the diploma course or obtained four general secondary education certificate courses and one GCEA level course can continue to pursue two-year higher diploma or undergraduate courses. The subjects of the diploma course include accounting, business, marketing, electronics, machinery, production and civil engineering, computer science and agricultural affairs. City of London (C & ampg) This course is internationally recognized and provides professional qualifications in various industries, including hairdressing, printing, catering, tailoring and fashion. These courses usually do not require formal admission requirements, and applicants only need to be proficient in English and prove that they can benefit from the courses. National vocational training diploma/general national vocational qualification. Don't think this course is vocational education. In fact, most international students studying in British universities study GNVQ as continuing education. This course attaches great importance to the cultivation of practice and ability. After completing GNVQ, you can go directly to the university to study. If you want to work, this is a widely recognized professional qualification. National Vocational Qualification Committee (NCVQ) is being implemented in colleges and universities. GNVQ will gradually replace the professional qualification certificates issued by BTEC, C & ampg and RSA. These three organizations were confirmed by NCVQ as organizations awarded to GNVQ; The scope of disciplines is the same as the existing ones, such as business and finance, leisure and tourism, catering and hotel services, health care, manufacturing, art and design. At present, CNVQ is divided into three levels, and there may be more levels in the future. Each level offers different professional courses, including compulsory courses and elective courses. If students are interested in entering the university, they can consider taking advanced courses in GNVQ (equivalent to two courses at GCE A level), plus other courses within GNVQ or one course at GCE A-level or two courses at GCEA level. GNVQ courses generally take one to two years and are divided into three levels: basic, intermediate and advanced. NVQ is a completely professional professional qualification, designed only for employment. EFL English is a foreign language course for overseas students. Some students who just want to learn English will take this course in college. Some overseas students who want to study in university have to study this course before GNVQ or basic courses because of their poor English. Undergraduate education When you complete the preparatory course and pass the UCAS application procedure, you can enter the university. British undergraduate education is world-famous, and a British first degree is recognized all over the world. The duration of the course is mostly three years. There are also a few four-or six-year courses. Common first degrees include BA (Bachelor of Arts), BSc (Bachelor of Science) and LLB (Bachelor of Laws). When you graduate, the university will determine your degree level according to your total score. The best result is level one, and there are levels two, two, three, and pass. This will be an important parameter if you want to continue your graduate studies. There are 89 universities in Britain. The scale, location and courses offered by universities are different, which provides a wide range of choices for students who are interested in entering universities. Universities attach great importance to cultivating students' autonomous learning ability, so in the last year of undergraduate course, students are usually required to independently complete a research work or write a paper to decide the level of degree awarding. The university itself is an independent organization, which can decide its own courses, teaching and evaluation methods, and determine the course name. However, all universities have an off-campus examiner system, which is objectively evaluated by outsiders to ensure the academic standards of all institutions. Colleges of higher education in Britain, like universities, are the main institutions providing higher education. Their courses include undergraduate, master's, postgraduate and normal courses. These institutions usually have fewer students than universities, so schools can take care of students more carefully. Most institutions have a large number of accommodation places and excellent sports and entertainment facilities. Generally speaking, the academic standards of higher education institutions are supervised by local universities or relevant accreditation committees, such as the Business and Technical Education Association (BTEC) and the Scottish Vocational Education Association (SCOTVEC). Courses. The College of Art and Design mainly offers basic, diploma, advanced diploma and undergraduate courses in all aspects of art and design. Applicants usually have to submit some works for the college as auxiliary materials for judging admission. Advanced national diploma courses Some colleges offer advanced national diploma courses awarded by BETC and Skotwick. Courses are usually full-time for two years (or three-year courses alternating between factory and school), including science, technology and business courses. Students can transfer to undergraduate courses after completing advanced diploma courses. Generally speaking, the entrance requirements are that four courses in the general secondary education certificate have a grade C, and one course in the general education certificate has a grade of GCEA, or a BTEC/ Skotwick national diploma. After completing the undergraduate course, you can get an undergraduate degree, and the course is generally three years; The factory-school alternate course takes four years. Some honorary undergraduate degree courses in Scottish universities also take four years to study. Undergraduate courses in medicine, dentistry and architecture. You have to study for six years at the longest. The British Institute of Higher Education offers more than 5,000 undergraduate courses in different disciplines. In terms of admission requirements, applicants must have at least two GCE A-levels qualifications and several GCSE qualifications. Due to fierce competition for degrees, some courses may require applicants to have three GCEA levels or get good grades equivalent to three GCEA-levels and AS-levels exams, or get good grades in the BTEC diploma exam. Applicants for the first undergraduate course should apply to the University and College Admission Processing Center (UCAS). The application handbook published by the center explains the application procedures in detail and lists the courses offered by universities or institutions. In addition, there is "Admission to Universities and Colleges: An Official Guide", which is jointly published by British universities every year. This book is regarded as an authoritative publication on the requirements of various undergraduate courses. It is worth noting that due to the fierce competition for degrees, meeting the admission requirements does not guarantee admission. The most attractive thing about postgraduate courses in Britain is that you only need to study for one year, which saves your precious time, but the course density is relatively high. There are four qualifications for postgraduate courses: * PGCE- general postgraduate certificate. * Pg Dip- postgraduate diploma * master's degree-master's degree * PhD or Dphill- doctor's degree-teaching postgraduate courses, one-year postgraduate diploma courses and one or two-year master's degree courses. Applicants applying for a master's degree program must have a bachelor's degree or related professional qualifications. Those who do not meet the requirements want to apply for a one-year master's degree, and generally need to choose a postgraduate diploma program or take a one-year advanced course before they can study for a master's degree. Please refer to the British GraduateStudies and Higher Education for various lecture-based postgraduate courses offered by British universities. Universities and colleges of higher education offer research-oriented postgraduate courses. Applicants must have an excellent undergraduate degree (first class honor or second class honor) or a master's degree. Master of philosophy students must be engaged in full-time research for one to two years. If the research progress is satisfactory to the school, they can switch to a doctor of philosophy course. After completing the course, students can obtain internationally recognized vocational qualifications. Subjects include accounting, banking, administrative secretary, marketing, measurement, social work and law. The difference between a doctorate in Britain and other countries is that it is not a professor. There is no such thing as a doctoral program. What you have to do is to determine the research plan, carry out research actions, and finish the final research paper in two years or more. This research process is completely independent, but the tutor will discuss a goal with you at the beginning and monitor your progress during your research. The final paper will take about 6-7 months to complete.