Introduce Poland.

National anthem: "Poland is not dead"

National Day: May 3rd (179 1 year), June 5438+065438+1October1day (19 18 year)

National flag: it is a horizontal rectangle with a length-width ratio of about 8: 5. The flag surface consists of two parallel and equal horizontal rectangles, with white on the top and red on the bottom. White not only symbolizes the white eagle in ancient legends, but also symbolizes purity, expressing the Polish people's good wishes for freedom, peace, democracy and happiness. Red symbolizes blood and victory in the revolutionary struggle.

National emblem; This is a coat of arms. The red shield is painted with a white eagle wearing a golden crown and spreading its wings. Red and white are the traditional colors that the Polish people love, and they are also the colors of the national flag. The white eagle symbolizes the indomitable patriotic spirit of the Polish people.

State dignitaries: President Lech Kaczynski was elected in June 5438+ 10, and was sworn in in February 65438+,2005; Premier jaroslaw kaczynski took office in July 2006.

Physical geography: covers an area of 365,438+0,000 square kilometers. Located in the northeast of Central Europe, it borders the Baltic Sea in the north, Germany in the west, Czech Republic and Slovakia in the south, and Belarus and Ukraine in the northeast and southeast respectively. The coastline is 528 kilometers long. The terrain is low in the north and high in the south, and the middle is concave. The plains below 200 meters above sea level account for about 72% of the country's area. The main mountain ranges are Carpathian and Sudeten. The larger rivers are Vistula River (length 1047 km) and Oder River (length 742 km in Poland). The largest lake is Hinyardevi Lake, with an area of 109.7 square kilometers. The whole territory belongs to the temperate broad-leaved forest climate with the transition from maritime climate to continental climate.

Famous churches and squares in Krakow, Poland

Population: 38.632 million (200 1 year-end), the main ethnic group is Poles (98%), and the rest are ethnic minorities such as Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Russia, Germany and Jews. About 90% of the country's residents believe in Roman Catholicism. The official language is Polish.

Capital: Warsaw, population 1, 6 1.5 million (2006,5438+0), with an annual average temperature of 9.6℃.

Administrative division: 1998. In July, the Polish House of Representatives passed a resolution to change 49 provinces into 16 provinces. At the same time, the county system will be re-established, from the current provincial and township levels to the provincial, county and township levels. * * * There are 16 provinces, 308 counties and 2489 townships. On June+10, 5438, the country held three-level local self-government elections. The new mechanism is online 1 99965438+1October1.

Currency: zloty > >>

Brief history: Poland originated from the tribal alliance of Poland, Visva, Silesia, East Pomenia and Mazovia among the Slavs in the west. It established a feudal dynasty in the 9th and10th centuries, reached its peak in14th and15th centuries, and began to decline in the second half of18th century. It was divided up by Russia, Prussia and Austria-Hungary three times. /kloc-In the 20th century, the Polish people held many armed uprisings for independence. 1918165438+101restore independence and establish a bourgeois republic. 1939 In September, fascist Germany invaded Poland, and World War II broke out. German Nazi troops occupied all the territory of Poland.

Monument to Jewish Heroes in Warsaw. Warsaw ghetto is a German fascist.

Founded in 1940, there were at most 450,000 Jews living in the dark. In April 1943, 19, the unbearable Jews revolted in the local area and were later killed.

The Nazis brutally suppressed, a large number of Jews were killed, and the quarantine area was destroyed by Hitler's army.

1In July, 944, Soviet troops and Polish troops formed in the Soviet Union entered Poland. On the 22nd, the Polish National Liberation Committee announced the birth of a new Polish state. For more than 40 years after the war, the Polish United Workers' Party (* * * Production Party) came to power. 1952, the constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC) was promulgated, the presidential system was abolished and the State Council was established. 1980 was a general strike of solidarity trade unions, and 198 1 12 to 1983 were in wartime. 1989 In April, the Polish Parliament adopted a constitutional amendment, confirmed the legalization of solidarity trade unions, and decided to implement the presidential system and parliamentary democracy. 1989 On February 29th, the People's Republic of Poland was renamed the Republic of Poland.

Politics:1In May, 1997, a new constitution was adopted by referendum. 17 10, and the new constitution came into effect, replacing 1952 Constitution. The new constitution establishes a political system of separation of powers and an economic system based on social market economy, which stipulates that: the House of Representatives and the Senate have legislative power, the President and the government have executive power, and the courts and tribunals exercise judicial power; The Polish economic system is based on the principles of economic liberalization and private ownership. The Polish armed forces remain neutral in national political affairs. The new constitution guarantees the rights of citizens and economic freedom, strengthens the independence of the central bank and weakens the power of the president. Parliament can override the president's veto with three-fifths of the votes in the lower house, giving the Constitutional Court powerful power, and parliament no longer has the right to veto the ruling of the Constitutional Court. The presidential election law stipulates that a candidate can be elected if he gets more than 50% of the valid votes in the first round of elections; If no one reaches 50%, the top two with the most votes will enter the second round to continue the election, and the one with the most votes will be elected. The president's term of office is five years and can be re-elected for one term. Presidential Palace-Bervid Palace.

Krakow, the ancient city of Poland

Folk art group performance

Economy: The main minerals are coal, sulfur, copper, zinc, lead, aluminum and silver. In 2000, the hard coal reserves were 45.362 billion tons, lignite 65.438+03.984 billion tons, sulfur 504 million tons and copper 2.485 billion tons. Amber is rich in reserves, with a value of about 1000 billion US dollars. It is a big amber producer in the world and has been mining amber for hundreds of years. Industry is dominated by coal mining, machine building, shipbuilding, automobiles and steel. 200 1 year has18.39 million hectares of agricultural land. In 200 1 year, the rural population accounted for 38.3% of the national population. Agricultural employment accounts for 28.3% of total employment. Poland is one of the top ten tourist countries in the world. Wieliczka salt mine attracts countless tourists every year with its pleasant climate in the Baltic Sea Harbor and beautiful scenery in the Carpathian Mountains. People here know that the forest is the protagonist of protecting the ecological environment, so they love the forest like life. The forest area in Poland is more than 8.89 million hectares, and the forest coverage rate is nearly 30%. People who have just arrived in Poland are often intoxicated by this picturesque green world. Tourism has become the main source of Poland's foreign exchange income.

Culture: When it comes to Poland, people naturally think of Chopin and Madame Curie. Chopin is a great composer and pianist that Poles are proud of. The five-year Chopin International Piano Competition held in Warsaw has attracted the world's top players and become the top competition in the international music industry. Born in Warsaw, Madame Curie is the first female scientist in the world to win the Nobel Prize twice. She made a great contribution to the mystery of the atom. World Heritage-Muskauer Park

Tourist carriage in Krakow, the ancient city of Poland. Krakow is located in the wave

The left bank of the upper reaches of the Vistula River in southern Lanzhou is about 250 kilometers from Warsaw.

It is the ancient capital of the Middle Ages, the third largest city in Poland and an important railway.

Hub, famous for its historical city and cultural center.

News and publication: Since the privatization of Polish newspapers and periodicals, the distribution of newspapers and periodicals has changed. By the end of 20001,5,837 newspapers and magazines had been published nationwide, among which the main newspapers were: Election, the largest daily newspaper in Poland; * * * and El Pais. In addition, there are Tribune, Politics, Speak Out, Newsweek and so on. The main national news agencies are Polish News Agency and Polish International News Agency. The main national radio and television stations are Polish Radio and Polish Television. 1990 10 In June, the Polish House of Representatives passed a decree on allowing the establishment of private radio and television stations. At present, there are nearly 180 private radio stations and 26 private television stations in Poland.

Diplomacy: The primary goal of foreign policy is to integrate with Europe and join the EU and NATO. 1March 1999 12, Poland formally joined NATO. On May 1 2004, Poland officially became a member of the European Union.

Relations with China:1949101On October 7th, China and Poland established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level. China and Poland have traditional friendly relations. As early as 1950, the two countries signed the first intergovernmental trade agreement. In recent years, China-Poland relations have developed steadily on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, and non-interference in each other's internal affairs, and China-Poland economic and trade relations have also made considerable progress. In 2003, the trade volume between the two countries reached US$ 654.38+98 million. 1997165438+10 In October, President kwasniewski paid a state visit to China, which was the first time that a Polish head of state paid a state visit to China in the past 40 years. In June 2004, President Hu Jintao paid a state visit to Poland and the two sides signed a joint statement.