Briefly describe the characteristics of guqin and its position in the hearts of ancient China people.

Qin is a musical instrument with rich cultural connotation. Judging from the shape of the piano alone, it can be said that it is full of charm.

The length of a piano is generally about three feet six inches and a half (about 120- 125 cm), which symbolizes 365 days a year (just like 365 degrees on Sunday). Usually about six inches (about 20 centimeters) wide. Generally about two inches (about 6 cm) thick.

Qin was first made according to the shape of a phoenix, and its whole body corresponds to the phoenix (or human body), including head, neck, shoulders, waist, tail and feet.

The upper part of the "piano head" is called forehead. The lower end of the forehead is inlaid with hardwood supporting strings, which is called "Moon Mountain", also known as "Lin Yue", and is the highest part of the piano. There are two sound grooves at the bottom of the piano, the larger one in the middle is called "Dragon Pool" and the smaller one at the tail is called "Phoenix Marsh". This is called going up the mountain and down the river, and there are dragons and phoenixes, which symbolize the world.

There is a hardwood strip named "Lu Cheng" on the forehead of Yueshan Mountain. There are seven "string eyes" on the table, which are used to tie strings. There are seven "Qin Zi" under it for tuning. On the side end of the piano head, there are also "phoenix eyes" and "guards".

From the waist down, it is called "the end of the piano". The end of the piano is inlaid with a kind of hardwood "Dragon Gum" with shallow grooves, which is used for threading. The decorations on both sides of the dragon glue are called "crown angle", also known as "focal tail".

The exposed parts of the seven strings pass through Yueshan and Gui Long, and become a pair of "goose feet" at the bottom of the piano, symbolizing the seven stars.

There are thirteen "Qin Emblems" on the face of the piano, which symbolize the twelve months of a year and a leap month respectively.

Guqin speakers are not made of plywood like Zheng and other musical instruments, but a whole piece of wood is hollowed out. Its speaker wall is thick and rough, so its sound has a unique charm and a sense of historical vicissitudes.

In the belly of Qin, there are two hidden grooves in the head, one is the tip of the tongue and the other is the sound pool. There is also a dark groove at the tail, which is called "Rhyme Marsh". Corresponding to Longchi and Fengman, there is often a "Yin Na" in every place. Yinna in Longchi has a "Tianzhu" on the head side and a "pillar" on the tail side. When making a sound, "the sound wants to pass by, but it lingers, but it has a aftertaste."

Because the piano has no "pin" (column) and "code", it is very convenient to play flexibly, and it has the characteristics of extremely long effective strings, large vibration amplitude of strings and endless reverberation, so it has its unique hand-walking sound.

As far as structure is concerned, the structure of each part of the piano is very reasonable. It is not too big, not only easy to carry, but also beautiful and generous. The shape of the piano is pleasing enough.

It can also be seen from the naming of piano parts that the piano system is influenced by Confucianism.

The front of the piano is wide and the back is narrow, which symbolizes the difference between honor and inferiority. The five strings of official, business, horn, sign and feather symbolize the five elements of monarch, minister, people, affairs and things.

A social stratum. The sixth and seventh strings added later are called Wen Hewu, which symbolizes the harmony between the monarch and the minister. The twelve emblems symbolize December respectively, and the largest emblem in the middle represents June, symbolizing leap month. Guqin has three timbres: overtone, bending and scattering, which symbolize the harmony between heaven, earth and people respectively. The symbolic significance of the naming of these guqin shapes actually reflects the Confucian thought of rites and music and the importance that China people attach to harmony. Because the function of etiquette is to protect the individual, make the personality work and have fun with it, and its function is to be in harmony with the group. The combination of rites and music can make individuals and groups adjust each other and form a peaceful and reasonable life between people. Therefore, the implementation of these two seemingly opposite techniques of rites and music is to achieve the purpose of complementing each other and harmony. It can be seen from the social order and grade name borrowed from the form name of guqin that its production form contains profound educational meaning.

The position of guqin in the hearts of China people

Qin, one of the oldest plucked instruments in China, was called "Guqin" at the beginning of this century. The creators of Qin include Fuxi Playing the Piano, Shennong Playing the Piano, Shun Playing the Banjo and Singing the South Wind, etc. As a legend, you may not believe it, but you can see that Qin has a long history in China.

Qin was very popular in the pre-Qin era, such as "The Book of Songs": "Playing the piano and singing"; The Book of Songs: "The harp is in the imperial court, so be quiet." According to the existing images and documents, at the latest in the late Han Dynasty, Qin had been roughly shaped into the general shape of later generations. The Qin made in the Tang Dynasty has been passed down to this day. Compared with the Qin made in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, there are only differences in artistic style and tone pursuit.

As early as the time of Confucius, Qin became a compulsory instrument for literati. For thousands of years, Qin has been closely related to the life of literati. Confucius, Cai Yong, Ji Kang and Su Shi are all famous for playing the piano. The music of Qin is sacred and elegant, magnanimous and detached. The ancients used it to express their feelings and place their hopes. Qin goes far beyond the meaning of music and becomes a symbol of China's culture and ideal personality.

Since the Tang Dynasty, Guqin has its own special notation, which records the string position and emblem position, as well as the playing methods of left and right hands, but does not directly record the pitch. It consists of radicals, numbers and some simplified characters of Chinese characters, and is called subtraction spectrum. Subtraction notation is so meticulous and scientific in recording guqin music that modern notation such as staff can't be replaced. There are more than 150 kinds of ancient music scores recorded by subtraction notation, which preserves a large number of ancient music works and is a huge and precious music treasure house in China.

Guqin's playing method, notation, history, rhythm and aesthetics have already formed an independent and complete system, which is called "Qin Xue". Its content is profound, it is the representative of China traditional music, and it is a mirror reflecting China's philosophy, history and literature. There is no musical instrument that can compare with Guqin in the aspect of reflecting the traditional culture of China.

On China's Ancient "Qin Culture" from Fuxi

Fuxi, an ancient oriental god with a snakehead, felt that the gods and demons were constantly fighting, so he hit Fuxi Qin the next day. At the moment he hit Fuxi Qin, heaven and earth suddenly became wise. Therefore, Fu Xiqin became a symbol of wisdom after he fell into the realm of ten ghosts.

Although myths and legends such as "Fu Xi made Qin", "Shen Nong made Qin" and "Shun made banjo" are not credible, we can still see that Qin has a long history in China.

Qin's real name is Guqin, but it's not called lyre. Her nickname is Luqi, and her nickname is Stone. These names are extremely beautiful images. Every time I read them, the gentle curvature of the tip of my tongue makes people feel soft.

Later, due to the advocacy of Mr. Confucius, China literati formed the necessary cultivation tradition of piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and piano music became an important measure to measure the virtue of a gentleman, that is, "a gentleman never leaves, a gentleman is better at piano than virtue, and a gentleman enjoys himself."

Therefore, in history, Boya broke the piano, met his bosom friend, and Ji Kang was facing death. He also played a piano piece, Guangling San. Zhuge Liang's father cleverly set up an empty city plan to retreat the enemy soldiers.

In these people, the piano is not for fame and fortune, but for real elegance, tolerance for heaven and earth, openness to life and death, and wisdom for ghosts.

In the history of ancient Qin culture in China, Chen Ziang, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, was undoubtedly a figure with great personality. He was not famous when he was young. To historians, he is just a vague face in the vast sea of people. He came to Chang 'an from Sichuan with great ambition, but it is difficult to be famous in a strange environment. One day, he wandered aimlessly in the street and saw a man holding a huqin, which sold for thousands of dollars. There are many celebrities in the audience, but they don't distinguish between good and bad, and no one dares to buy them. The great poet Chen took advantage of this gap and bought a piano. Everyone was frightened and asked him why he bought such an expensive piano. He said, "I am good at playing this piano. Please come to us tomorrow and I'll play for you. "

The next day, Chen Ziang's residence was surrounded by a crowd, and Chen Ziang threw money on the ground angrily in the crowd, waving his fist angrily. "Although I don't have the talent of two thanks, I still have the ambition to bend. Since I entered Chang 'an, I have brought hundreds of my own poems, but no one appreciates them. How can I play this humble instrument for musicians? "

Then, the clever poet Chen took out his poems and distributed them to everyone, because his poems were really original and because of the advertising effect of Qianjin Qin, he became famous in Chang 'an in one day. Soon, he won the Jinshi and set foot on the official road.

Although this shortcut to fame with the piano has been passed down as a much-told story, I still see sadly that the piano culture is gradually becoming stale in people's minds.

A person is just arty, but if he uses the piano for profit and high position, does he really know the piano? This is just an insult to Qin, but sadly, there are more and more such people.

What can we do? ...

The beauty of piano lies in self-cultivation, but too many people misunderstand the meaning of this word and indulge in the sound of piano for excessive pleasure. They are a group of people who know the piano but don't know it.

They know the piano, they know the dancing elves in rhyme, and they know the joys and sorrows of the pianist.

But they don't know the piano, don't know the existence of self-cultivation, and are too addicted to what they like, which makes people lose their nature and can't see themselves clearly. Li Yu was like this, Tang was like this, Shang and Zhou were like this, so people heard the sound of national subjugation from their pianos and their pianos fell off.

The tree spirit is a layman and doesn't know the true beauty of the piano. I still remember reading Li Yu's Random Feeling when I was a child, which mentioned that listening to the piano and playing the piano are two completely different ways of pleasure, which made me agree very much.

In my opinion, playing the piano is a process of expressing one's feelings through the communication between one's mind and piano music, and obtaining * * * sounds. You don't need too much skill. You just need to find your own unique piano environment, love your own melody seriously, take a deep breath, sit still, close your eyes and use your fingers instead of your eyes to find the breath of music. In the light and dark space, you can clearly see your inner ups and downs and peace, and then fade out of the piano. This is superiority.

The way to cultivate the listener's nature is relatively loose. It doesn't need you to straighten your posture, you don't need to work so hard, you can have a little rest, you can wander a little, you can be a little overwhelmed. In the sound of the piano, you are allowed to suppress, to degenerate a little, and even to give up on yourself. But the sound of the piano can give people a rest, give people a thought and give people a chance to embrace courage and confidence again. Listening to the piano brings you not only the enjoyment of beauty, but also a change, or an export.

As the saying goes, "I am lucky that people play soft sounds, but I don't have to be fierce when people play killing sounds, so I am often lucky." Or after listening to it, it is not without technical itching. Why not do it occasionally, but if you don't sleep in it, you will be good at playing and playing. "

The piano is long and melodious, but how far can it go in an era when classicism is buried?