Relevant laws and regulations of Beijing on dangerous goods, detailed transportation and storage regulations of nine kinds of dangerous goods.

On the Safety Management of Road Dangerous Goods Transportation

Author: Anonymous source: Reprinted release date: 2010-9-18 22: 05:11

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Gently, there will be a safety reference book soon! Collect this article for future reference.

Abstract: The safe production of road dangerous goods transportation is related to the life and property safety of the country and people, and to the regional economic development and social harmony and stability. According to the "Three Definitions" plan of the State Council, the safety management of road dangerous goods transportation is one of the main functions of transportation departments at all levels. With the promulgation of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Road Transport, it is more clear that road transport management departments at all levels have an unshirkable regulatory responsibility for the safety production of road transport of dangerous goods. From the point of view of road transport management department, this paper makes a simple analysis of the safety management of road transport of dangerous goods, including the concept, classification, importance and existing problems of the management of dangerous goods transport, and tentatively puts forward some basic management means for everyone to discuss, so as to promote and improve the safety supervision level of road transport management institutions on dangerous goods transport.

Keywords: dangerous goods; Transportation management; Source governance; safety supervisor

Due to the high risk of dangerous goods transportation, the diversity of dangerous chemicals, the complexity of physical and chemical properties, the potential danger and the harmfulness of accidents, the safety management of dangerous goods transportation has attracted great attention from all walks of life. Therefore, road transport institutions at all levels regard the safety management of dangerous goods transportation as the top priority of industry management. This paper briefly analyzes some basic concepts and existing problems of road dangerous goods transportation, and tries to put forward several basic management methods from the perspective of industry management departments in order to attract more attention and find a long-term supervision mechanism for dangerous goods transportation.

1 basic theory of dangerous goods

1. 1 dangerous goods concept

1. 1. 1 Description of dangerous goods classification and product name number (GB6944—2005) (new standard);

Dangerous goods: substances and articles that are explosive, flammable, toxic, infectious, corrosive and radioactive, and are likely to cause personal injury, property loss and environmental pollution during transportation, storage, production, management, use and disposal, and need special protection.

1. 1.2 description of classification and commodity number of dangerous goods (CB 6944-1986) (old standard):

Goods that are explosive, flammable, toxic, corrosive and radioactive and need special protection during transportation, storage, loading and unloading and storage are all dangerous goods.

1. 1.3 Differences between the old and new standards:

The difference is that the new standard adds "infection" and "environmental pollution", from "loading and unloading" to "production, management, use and disposal" and from "goods" to "substances and articles". In this way, first, the application scope of the standard has been changed, and on the basis of the old standard "transportation and storage", "production, management, use and disposal" have been added; The second is to emphasize environmental protection.

1.2 classification of dangerous goods

Dangerous goods are divided into nine categories according to their main characteristics and transportation requirements:

The first category: explosive crystals;

The second category: compressed gas and liquefied gas;

The third category: combustible gas;

The fourth category: flammable solids, spontaneous combustion articles, and flammable articles when wet;

The fifth category: oxidants and organic peroxides;

Category VI: Poisons and infectious substances;

Category VII: radioactive substances;

Class VIII: Corrosive products;

Category IX: Miscellaneous, that is, the above eight categories of dangers do not include articles of a dangerous nature during transportation.

2 the importance of dangerous goods transportation management

2. 1 Dangerous goods cannot be transported as ordinary goods because accidents are easy to occur;

2.2 Dangerous goods cannot be transported by any transportation enterprise, especially individual transporters, because they need special transportation conditions and the ability to master the nature of dangerous goods;

2.3 No vehicle can transport dangerous crystal goods. According to different dangerous goods, special vehicles with different devices are needed, and the requirements for technical conditions are stricter, so it must be foolproof;

2.4 Dangerous goods must never be mixed with ordinary goods, and management must be strengthened. It is forbidden to mix dangerous goods;

2.5 The stability of dangerous goods is at a critical point. There must be strict regulations and special requirements in storage and transportation. A slight deviation, negligence or misoperation and improper prevention will lead to accidents. Once an accident happens to dangerous goods, it is often disastrous, with huge losses and heavy casualties.

3. Problems and loopholes in the current road transport management of dangerous goods.

For a long time, especially before the promulgation of the Regulations on the Safety Management of Dangerous Chemicals in the State Council (hereinafter referred to as Order No.344 of the State Council), the safety management of dangerous goods transportation was mainly the responsibility of public security fire control, and the transportation management department did not clearly stipulate the responsibility of the safety management of dangerous goods transportation. On March 15, 2002, the State Council's Decree No.344 was officially implemented, which gave the transportation department the responsibility to identify the qualifications of dangerous chemicals transport units on roads and waterways, as well as drivers, crew members, stevedores and escorts, and was also responsible for the supervision and inspection of the above matters. Through the management practice in recent years, the industry management department has made some achievements in the transportation management of dangerous chemicals, but due to various reasons, there are still many problems in management, mainly in the following aspects:

3. 1 The industry standard is not perfect.

Although the State Council Decree No.344 has been issued for more than two years, the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Road Transportation (hereinafter referred to as Order No.406 of the State Council) was officially implemented on July 1 2004, and the responsibilities of the transportation management department for engaging in the transportation of dangerous goods were further clarified, but the specific industry standards and requirements were not perfect, especially for enterprises, means of transport and personnel.

3.2 The main operators of the dangerous goods transportation market still have the characteristics of "many, small, scattered and weak", and lack of influential large-scale transportation enterprises that can lead the development of the industry.

3.3 transport enterprises lack specialization

Many dangerous goods transport enterprises set up dangerous goods transport convoys for the needs of production and sales, but they often pay attention to the safety management of production links, ignoring the safety management of transport links, such as the lack of emergency measures and methods in the transport process in the emergency rescue plan, the lack of isolation fences for small dangerous trucks transporting civil gas, unprofessional employees, and the lack of full-time escorts, drivers and escorts.

3.4 The vehicle property right is unclear and there is a hidden phenomenon.

Mainly reflected in some enterprises in order to obtain the qualification of dangerous goods transportation, in terms of the number of cars, they use the affiliated business model to make up five cars. The vehicle is nominally owned by a company, but the fact is that the property right of the vehicle belongs to the company after the individual purchases it. This is a clear violation of Article 8, paragraph 1, Item 1 of the Regulations on the Management of Road Dangerous Goods Transport promulgated by the Ministry of Communications in 2005: "More than 5 self-owned special vehicles". Because most of the parked vehicles are individual vehicles, their employees change frequently, ignoring the safety inspection before, during and after transportation, which lays a hidden danger for the safety of dangerous goods transportation. At the same time, these unsafe factors of parking vehicles have also formed a great risk of joint liability for accidents, which has also led to a decline in the binding force of enterprises on vehicles and specific operators. Many enterprises pay more attention to fees than management, and in fact there is no more effective management method, which affects the market of enterprises.

3.5 Market supervision has not been completed.

The social reporting channels are not smooth and the handling system is not perfect. Especially due to the diversity of dangerous goods and the particularity of high environmental protection requirements, the inspection department of transportation management has a series of problems such as difficulty in preservation and punishment after the vehicles stop running, which leads to difficulties in inspection and supervision of dangerous goods transportation vehicles.

3.6 Employees' awareness of safety in production is low, which is mainly reflected in the fact that personal vehicles are not equipped with safety protection equipment, drivers have no basic emergency knowledge, and the loading and unloading of dangerous goods cannot be guaranteed under the on-site command of full-time loading and unloading management personnel.

3.7 The industrial technology content is low.

Mainly in the relatively closed and independent management, there is no socialized logistics and transportation mode; Vehicle communication equipment is not in place, and the whole monitoring method is outdated. In addition, the tonnage of vehicles is small, and some dangerous goods transport vehicles are simply modified from ordinary trucks, which has great security risks.

3.8 Lack of inspection of special tank car.

At present, the quality inspection department only carries out regular inspection on the pressure vessels in use, and the State Council Decree No.344 does not specify the regular or irregular inspection of the atmospheric storage tanks in use. Therefore, the relevant departments have no legal responsibility for the regular inspection of atmospheric tanks, which leads to the irregular or irregular inspection of atmospheric tanks used to transport acid, alkali and light fuel oil. However, some structural changes will occur in these tanks due to collision, friction and corrosion during transportation, and this link is often the most fragile.

3.9 The phenomenon of unlicensed operation and engaging in dangerous goods operation beyond the permitted items still exists.

From our road inspection this year, it is found that some ordinary van owners lack legal awareness and illegally transport civil liquefied gas. In addition to the low quality of employees, a big reason is that enterprises that produce and sell dangerous goods ignore national laws and regulations and illegally provide goods to carriers and vehicles that are not qualified for dangerous goods transportation. Although it is clearly stipulated in the Regulations on the Management of Road Dangerous Goods Transportation that the shipper has this illegal phenomenon, the transportation management department can punish it according to law. However, as the supervision department of dangerous goods transportation, it is unable to take effective measures to enforce laws and regulations against illegal shippers and shippers, and can only punish carriers for "operating beyond the scope" through road inspection and road inspection, and the punishment is relatively low, so such phenomena are repeatedly prohibited.

4. Strengthen the refined management of dangerous goods transportation.

4. 1 Take professional development as the guide and fully integrate market players.

Adhere to the direction of professional development, lay a solid foundation for the development of dangerous goods transportation market, comprehensively integrate market players, and strive to promote the development of dangerous goods transportation in the direction of large-scale operation and intensive operation. Combined with the implementation and annual inspection of the Regulations of the Ministry of Communications on the Management of Road Dangerous Goods Transportation, encourage large-scale professional dangerous chemicals production enterprises with strong technical force and good equipment and transportation conditions to engage in road dangerous goods transportation, and encourage the development of specialized transportation enterprises relying on large-scale dangerous chemicals production enterprises and sound safety management system; For scattered and small-scale dangerous goods transport enterprises that have no fixed production enterprises or bulk goods sources, the safety management system is not perfect, and are established for the purpose of collecting vehicle call fees or obtaining business qualifications, or their own vehicles lack effective supervision ability and have hidden dangers in safety management, appropriate integration and merger will be carried out through administrative and market means, and all those whose safety qualifications fail to meet the specified requirements will be completely rectified, and no re-license will be allowed after rectification.

4.2 Through dynamic supervision, establish a comprehensive safety supervision account.

Taking the opportunity of implementing the "Regulations on the Management of Road Dangerous Goods Transportation" issued by the Ministry and the annual inspection and replacement, we will gradually establish and improve the dynamic supervision mechanism for the market conditions of dangerous goods transportation enterprises and vehicles, and improve the transportation safety supervision coefficient. It mainly includes transportation management agencies and dangerous goods transportation enterprises, the renewal time of liability insurance for carriers of dangerous goods transportation vehicles, the next inspection time of tank certificate, the next inspection time of vehicle driving license, and the validity period of fire control facilities. And the business license of the enterprise has a term, the validity period of the credit certificate, the validity period of the licenses or documents of other departments, and the validity period of the venue lease contract are uniformly registered in a list. Through the timely supervision of transportation management institutions and the timely self-examination of enterprises, the safety management matters that will soon exceed the validity period will be reissued in time to ensure that the qualification conditions and safety technical conditions of enterprises and vehicles always meet the requirements and avoid the stall phenomenon of enterprise and vehicle management; Through attendance meetings and special inspections, we will strengthen the dynamic supervision and management of vehicle drivers and escorts, as well as marks and numbers, lights and number plates, urge enterprises to equip employees as required, inform drivers and escorts of changes in time, ensure that drivers and escorts meet the requirements, and prohibit overloading, speeding, fatigue, "three overtaking" illegal driving and illegal command, violation of operating procedures and labor discipline, and illegal employment of drivers without permission.

4.3 On the basis of vehicle technical performance supervision, vehicle technical files should be effectively standardized.

All dangerous goods transport enterprises are required to establish and improve vehicle technical files, including basic information of vehicles, records of replacement, repair and secondary maintenance of main parts, records of technical grade evaluation, records of vehicle changes, mileage records, traffic accident records, etc. Through the establishment and improvement of vehicle technical files, strengthen the daily supervision of enterprises on the technical status of dangerous goods transport vehicles. Supervise and urge all transport enterprises to actively implement the mandatory technical management requirements of "regular maintenance and maintenance as appropriate", strengthen the daily inspection and care of dangerous goods transport vehicles, and ensure that the safety and technical performance of dangerous crystal transport vehicles is in good condition.

4.4 Based on improving the prevention and control ability, carry out preventive emergency drills.

Adhere to "personnel prevention and technical prevention" to improve the safety prevention and control ability of dangerous goods transportation. First, regularly organize employees to carry out safety education and training, improve their safety awareness and safety operation skills, and be familiar with relevant technical standards and operating procedures for safety production; Second, in accordance with the requirements of "reasonable emergency plan, organization and coordination, proper disposal measures and efficient communication equipment", urge enterprises to establish and improve various systems of safety production and safety supervision, fully implement the operability of emergency rescue plans for accidents of dangerous goods transport enterprises, and effectively improve the safety awareness and self-protection ability of employees and the emergency handling ability of safety production accidents.

4.5 Classification of safety supervision of dangerous goods transport enterprises.

The implementation of key supervision of a class of enterprises, in-depth enterprise site safety inspection not less than 4 times a year; To guide and manage the second-class enterprises, and conduct on-the-spot inspections for not less than 3 times; Three types of enterprises are mainly self-operated, and the on-site inspection is not less than 2 times; Every dynamic supervision of each enterprise should be recorded in detail and archived. It is necessary not only to have specific classified management methods, but also to formulate a work system with clear responsibilities to implement the dynamic supervision responsibility of enterprises to departments and people.

4.6 Dangerous goods transport vehicles are required to install GPS positioning system.

First, we must do a good job in propaganda, mobilization and promotion. Second, we must strictly implement the relevant provisions of laws and regulations and formulate and introduce necessary compulsory measures. In the future, all enterprises and their vehicles that apply for and renew the business license for the transport of dangerous goods must install the GPS system within the specified time, otherwise the qualification of the business license for the transport of dangerous goods on roads of enterprises and their vehicles will be revoked according to law. Third, strive for the strong support and support of provincial and municipal transportation departments and provincial and municipal safety management departments for the promotion of dangerous goods transportation GPS in our city, and give special financial support to enterprises with special difficulties. Fourth, long-distance dangerous goods transport vehicles are all listed separately, and the responsibility is implemented to people. Relevant departments, responsible persons and business executives should take the lead in catching an enterprise or several vehicles and comprehensively promote the application of GPS in dangerous goods transport vehicles.

The safety supervision and management of dangerous goods transportation is a long-term and arduous task. As long as we can always stick to our duties, be prepared for danger in times of peace, constantly practice the concept of "three services", strengthen measures, and forge ahead, we will certainly be able to live up to our mission, ensure the healthy and orderly development of the road transport market for dangerous chemicals in our city, and ensure the safety of people's lives and property.

References:

Practical Manual for Road Transport of Dangerous Goods [M] DL Du 2006, Beijing People's Communications Publishing House

[2] Zhao Modern Traffic Management and Safety Supervision [A] Beijing Guangming Daily Press, 2005