Where is the Kengyuan Scenic Area?

Pit houses are distributed in Sanmenxia, Shaanxi, Yuncheng, Henan, Qingyang, Longdong, Gansu and parts of Shaanxi. Among them, Sanmenxia in Henan Province is well preserved, especially in Dong Fan Plateau, Zhang Cun Plateau and Zhangbian Plateau in Shanzhou District. Many villagers still live in the pit yard, and there are still more than 100 underground villages and nearly 10000 patios. The earliest existing inhabited courtyard has a history of more than 200 years and has lived for more than six generations. Well-preserved villages include Mazhai and Miaoshang Village in Zhang Cun Plateau. ?

Brief introduction of cellar field

Pit yard is also called patio yard and pit yard. Locals call it "patio yard", "underground pit" and "underground kiln". It is the legacy of the cave dwelling method of ancient people, and it is called "underground quadrangle" in the north of China. It is said that it has a history of about 4000 years.

In 2007, Shanzhou District of Henan Province was named as the hometown of China Dikeng Kiln Culture by People's Association.

20 1 1, "pit field construction skills" was selected in the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

20 14 Miaoshang Village, West Zhang Cun Town, Shanzhou District, was selected as one of the first batch of "China Traditional Villages" by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development because of its wide distribution of pits.

Genesis of pit field

Geological genesis

There are three terraces in Shan County. The loess layer is deeply accumulated, generally between 50m and 150m. Loess was formed in early Pleistocene, middle Pleistocene and late Pleistocene, and it is mainly composed of timely and silty sand. In a few areas, the loess layer mixed with thin stones is a typical agricultural soil between cinnamon soil and yellow tide soil. The soil structure is very dense, that is, compressive, seismic and alkali-resistant.

So digging caves is strong and durable. The pit kiln in Mazhai Village, Shanxian County has been over 200 years old, and it is still inhabited. In addition, the groundwater level here is low, generally below 30 meters, which provides a unique condition for the form of "digging the ground and digging the wall".

Climatic reasons

Generally speaking, the climate in western Henan belongs to the continental monsoon region in the north temperate zone, which is semi-arid, characterized by cool and dry, and distinct seasons. The three terraces in Shan County all naturally extend downward from the mountain, with a gentle slope and a vast area. The largest plateau area has nearly 100 villages. There are nine droughts in ten years, and the rainfall is the least, with an average annual rainfall of only about 500 mm

There is little rainstorm, even if there is occasional flood, because there are gullies on three sides of the plane, and the rainwater outlet is unobstructed, which generally will not hurt the pit yard. Semi-arid climate is beneficial to keep the local soil dry and solid, and make cave buildings durable; The large annual temperature difference can better reflect the advantages of caves, which are warm in winter and cool in summer. ?

Refer to the above? Baidu encyclopedia-kengchang