Describe the origin of China culture.

After the Han and Tang Dynasties, China's traditional culture included Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, literature, painting, architecture and sculpture. , introduced to Japan. For example, the spread of Neo-Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism formed Zhu and Yang Ming. In the Tang Dynasty, the Buddhist culture and sculptures of Jian Zhen and China spread to Japan. A large number of Japanese envoys in Tang Dynasty, such as Kibi No Asomi Makibi, Konghai monk, Abe Tadao Ma Lu, were sent to China to study China culture. In this way, Japanese writing and architecture are deeply influenced by China culture. The Cross Pavilion, which is hard to find in China now, is still well preserved in Japan. In South Korea, the most influential is China culture, especially Confucianism and practical learning after Ming and Qing Dynasties. If people don't know that Li Tuixi, Cao Nanming, Li, Hong, Ding Ruoyong and others are Korean philosophers, it is difficult to judge the nationality of the authors only by their works. The content of China's ethics has long been lost in China, but it is still quite complete in South Korea. Therefore, South Korea is called a living fossil of Confucian countries by western countries.

China culture not only had a far-reaching influence on South Korea and Japan, but also on some countries in Southeast Asia and South Asia, such as the Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam and other countries and regions, and Zheng He's seven voyages to the West deepened this influence. As a result, the East Asian cultural circle with China culture as the core has been recognized by the world, especially the economic take-off and rise of the four Asian Little Dragons, with the focus on their relationship with China culture.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's traditional culture spread to some European countries through Jesuits in the west and learning from the East to the West. China's four great inventions (gunpowder, compass, printing and papermaking) first spread to the west, which played an important role in promoting the formation and development of western capitalist society. China's traditional culture had the greatest influence on France, and France became the center of China culture craze in Europe at that time. From the17th century, some Confucian classics of China, such as The Analects of Confucius and Daxue, spread to other European countries through France. /kloc-Few French enlightenment thinkers in the 0/8th century were not influenced by China culture. Such as Descartes, Rousseau, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Diderot, Holbach and so on, whose admiration for China culture has shocked us so far. Voltaire enshrined the portrait of Confucius in the chapel and regarded Confucius as a model of human morality. German philosophers Leibniz, Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, Feuerbach and the great writer Goethe all studied China's philosophy and were influenced by China culture to varying degrees. Leibniz, for example, thinks that China's discovery made Europeans wake up from religious confusion. This influence directly or indirectly influenced the Enlightenment in France and the dialectical thought in Germany.

Then, what is the relationship between the influence of China culture on the French Enlightenment in the18th century and the western modernization? Since the second half of the 20th century, western academic circles have made a comprehensive reflection on western modern culture, and gained such a * * understanding in the reflection, that is, modernization, as a way of life and thinking, is neither a scientific revolution that began in16th century nor an industrial revolution that began in17th century, but an enlightenment that began in18th century; Because the enlightenment thought embodies the basic characteristics of modern culture, two basic propositions and conclusions are drawn: the first proposition is that China culture has had an important influence on European enlightenment thought; The second proposition is "Enlightenment is a necessary condition in the process of western social modernization". The conclusion is that the modernization process in the West has been influenced by the traditional culture of China.

With the prosperity of China's national strength and the improvement of its international status, some countries in the world, including Asia and Europe, have highly recognized and attached importance to China culture.

We know that Korea, as one of the four little dragons in Asia, has a high degree of modernization, but its modernization is not based on denying and abandoning traditional culture, but on respecting, inheriting and developing traditional culture. People who have been to Korea are deeply touched by Koreans' patriotism and pride in their national culture. For example, Sungkyunkwan University, the most famous university in Korea, still takes Confucianism as its purpose and benevolence, courtesy and wisdom as its motto. Every February and August, Koreans go to the Confucian Temple to worship Confucius in a traditional way, and there are also colleges that teach in full accordance with the traditional Confucian teaching methods. The main course taught is the Confucian classic "Four Books and Five Classics". There are more than 300 traditional county schools and academies that have almost disappeared in China. The first Confucius Institute in the world was established in the Korean capital at the end of 2004. South Korea also widely publicizes the spirit of Confucian culture to the whole society through movies, television and various media. It can be said that South Korea is a successful example of building a country and educating people with Confucian culture, and is called "a living fossil of Confucian country" and "a typical Confucian country" by many western scholars. South Korea has not abandoned and denied traditional culture, but organically integrated traditional culture into modern society and life.

From the1980s, Singaporeans began to carry out the "cultural regeneration" movement centered on traditional Confucian culture in China. 1982 During the Spring Festival, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew called on the people of Singapore to maintain and carry forward the traditional Confucian morality of the Chinese nation and regard "loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, courtesy, honesty and shame" as the "way of governing the country" that the government must resolutely implement. 1988 10 first deputy prime minister Goh chok tong proposed to upgrade Confucian oriental values to national consciousness and make it a guide for every citizen. 1990 In February, the Singapore government published the White Paper of Equal Value, which was full of Confucian ethics. The book puts forward five common values: (1) the country is supreme and society is the first; (2) Family is the root and society is the foundation; (3) care and support, help each other in the same boat; (4) Seeking common ground while reserving differences and reaching consensus through consultation; (5) Racial harmony and religious tolerance.

South Korea, Singapore and other countries and regions attach importance to traditional culture and tell us:

First, these countries attach importance to China's traditional culture because some values and ethics in Confucian traditional culture have accumulated in their national moral norms and national psychology. For example, Lee Kuan Yew said in his National Day speech at 1978: "Maybe my English is better than Chinese, because I learned English in my early years; But even after another thousand generations, I won't become an Englishman. What I keep in my heart is not the western value system, but the eastern value system. "

Second, South Korea's experience tells us: to realize modernization, traditional culture does not have to be sacrificed; Traditional culture and modernization are not contradictory, but can complement each other and go hand in hand.