What are the artistic features of tea-picking drama in southern Guangxi?

When the tea-picking drama in southern Guangxi in the Ming Dynasty was first established, the tunes were relatively single and the number was small. There are three songs, one is Tea Picking in December, the other is Nanchang Xiaoqu, and the third is Four Seasons Lotus.

Picking tea in December was originally a singing activity of tea farmers in December, and now it has developed into a whole set of songs and dances such as land reclamation, tea ordering, tea picking and tea frying.

Nanchang Xiaoqu includes a set of Wugeng tunes such as Make a Noise, Sigh of Wugeng, Looking at the Moon at Wugeng, and Incense of Five Columns.

Four seasons lotus is four small scenes, including coming to spring, falling into the garden, falling into the garden, falling into the garden and so on. It mainly describes the tunes and dances spent in spring, summer, autumn and winter.

Later, after tea-picking was separated from lion dance and dragon dance, the percussion music of lion dance and dragon dance was still preserved, and it was combined with Guinan Eight Tones to form the percussion music of tea-picking, such as acacia gongs and drums, fast boxing, slow boxing, little Wang Chao and other percussion music cards, which are still widely used today. This is the first step in the transformation of tea-picking drama in southern Guangxi.

Tea-picking operas are performed independently in the form of songs and dances. Usually three people sing, one man and two women, and three are brothers and sisters. Men are called brothers, and women are called big sisters and second sisters. Most of them are performed by actors. It was not until later that many people sang on stage.

The singing of tea-picking opera was relatively simple at first. Generally, singing is mainly about "picking tea in December". The order is congratulations and visits. At the beginning of the performance, the actor should congratulate Qing Ji to the host and audience, and the content of congratulations to Qing Ji is mostly auspicious words.

Then land reclamation. The actors performed songs and dances, hoed the ground with hoes and sowed tea seeds. The action is healthy and powerful, and the life is strong.

Followed by tea detectives. The cast performed a visit to the growth of tea trees, burning tea paper, praying for the land of mountain gods and ensuring a bumper harvest of tea, which was quite local.

Then pick tea and stir-fry it. The tea-picking performance is tea things, a man and two women, singing and dancing with graceful movements; Stir-fried tea shows the process of making tea, warm and nervous. A man and two women sang and did, showing the joy of harvest incisively and vividly.

Selling tea is the last link of the performance. After many processes, the tea was finally made successfully, so my sister sent my brother to sell tea, which was interesting and happy.

/kloc-the whole singing of tea picking in October and February runs through the whole labor process of growing tea, reflecting the labor enthusiasm and harvest joy of working people.

Later, Mo Wu, an old artist from Xinyi, Guangdong Province, came to Yulin to perform tea picking, and before the tea picking in1February, two plots of singing a memorial ceremony and tea picking were added, which was unique.

The content of tea-picking drama is constantly enriched, which promotes the further development of Qupai. One is the tea cavity, that is, the original set of tea-picking koji; The second is to insert tea, which is based on Nanchang Xiaoqu and Four Seasons Lotus and absorbs folk songs from all over the country.

Tea-picking artists can directly insert some folk tunes into the tea-picking drama to sing, which can not only enliven the scene, but also enrich the performance content. Often in the middle of tea picking, the audience inserts performances when sending "packages", and the order is roughly as follows: congratulations, visit; Folk minor; Order tea; Explore tea; Folk minor; Picking tea; Folk minor; Stir-fried tea; Selling tea; Rowing, small ten to send.

Tea picking is a further development on the basis of tea picking collection. It is through picking tea songs that some folktales with plots are sung, mostly comedies and burlesque, so that tea picking gradually transits to local operas.

From the mid-1950s to the early 1960s, the tea-picking drama in southern Guangxi has basically completed the transition from local drama to stage drama. Later, the tea-picking troupe successively staged butterfly lovers, Two in-laws, Return to Chashan and other dramas, announcing the maturity of tea-picking drama.

Tea-picking drama in southern Guangxi has a strong local flavor and is deeply loved by the masses. Tea-picking opera in southern Guangxi is a native folk opera, which is sung in Hakka, a local language. Easy to understand and popularize.

The performance team of tea-picking opera in southern Guangxi is capable and flexible. Generally, the number of teams does not exceed 10, so the performance is convenient and not limited by the venue.

Tea-picking drama in southern Guangxi has a unique performance, singing and dancing. Singing, reading and dancing are four skills, and singing and dancing are the most important. Most of the chanting is rhyming white or parallel prose, with warm performance atmosphere and good theater effect.

Tea-picking drama in southern Guangxi has a unique flavor, and it is often used as "Xu Duya" and "Xu Duya La", which is deeply touched by the audience and widely sung. Therefore, "Xuduya" has become another "common name" for tea picking in southern Guangxi.

Tea-picking operas in southern Guangxi are eclectic and have a large capacity. The tea-picking collection is rich in qupai. In the long-term performance practice, folk artists constantly absorb folk tunes, folk songs, brother operas and music in various forms.

The musical instruments of tea-picking drama in southern Guangxi are percussion instruments, instrumental music and Taoist instruments. Percussion music includes gongs, drums, cymbals and wooden fish; Instrumental music includes suona, erhu, flute and jingle bells; Knife includes money whip, ribbon, flower fan and handkerchief.

There are about 10 traditional scripts for tea-picking dramas in southern Guangxi. For example, on New Year's Day, Zhang San shaved his head to borrow his wife, the boy went to Beijing for an exam, Alam sold pigs, fools sold cloth, fools celebrated their birthdays, and turned Yuanyang upside down. A good wife and mother, a lady found a husband, a dissolute man married a wife, a blind man opened a shop and a flower.

These plays are all sung orally and there is no written script. Old artists from all over the country can constantly modify and process their performances according to the local conditions at that time. Therefore, the plot of a play with the same title is not exactly the same, and it is even more difficult to figure out when, where and who will perform it.

The content of these plays, except "killing dogs to persuade husbands", may come from traditional operas, and the rest are from folk stories and legends. Its characteristics are mainly family ethics stories, and its greatest function is only a county official.

Tea-picking dramas in southern Guangxi are mainly comedies and burlesque, with strong plot, easy to understand, lively, strong life flavor and local color, and relatively complete script structure, so they are loved by the broad masses.

Besides Killing a Dog to Persuade a Husband, A Flower, Confused Mandarin Duck and Fool Selling Cloth, there are also some programs with plots and characters, such as Father Sending a Woman, Rowing, selling groceries and Cutting Land and Grass. Although the plot is simple, the language is vivid, the feelings are vivid and fascinating.

The traditional singing of tea-picking opera is relatively simple. Although there are more than 200 tunes in the tea-picking drama in southern Guangxi, it has not been well used. Some operas only sing a "flat face" from beginning to end, with little change and development. Although it has strong versatility and large capacity, it can be used for multiple purposes, but it lacks the personality of drama music.

After the founding of New China, under the leadership of the Party, professional and amateur literary and art workers all over the country carried out the Party's policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom", excavated and arranged tea-picking dramas, and made bold experiments and innovations on this basis. In line with the central tasks of each period, they compiled and performed a number of new tea-picking dramas that the masses loved, such as "The First Day of Agricultural Tools Reform", "Borrowing Clothes" and "Green Pearl", and arranged and adapted some traditional plays.

The main works of tea-picking drama in southern Guangxi were adapted and performed in the 1920s, including Cup Dance, Red Ribbon Cutting, Borrowing Clothes, Green Pearl Girl and so on.

In the 1960s and 1970s, he created many works, such as Third Sister Liu, Feng Jing, Ma Liang, Snatching Parents, Seizing India, Sanliwan, Seize the Day, Passing the Wind, Blocking the Road, Receiving Accounts, Bitter and Sweet Burden, Liangzhu and so on.

In recent years, there are many tea-picking dramas in southern Guangxi, including Clear Water Pond, Worried Village Official's Rude Wife, Door God Going to the Countryside, Iron Rooster Pulling Hair, Cow Boss Worshipping Wife, New Director's Tax on Chasing the Old, and a number of tea-picking songs and dances.

The rich content, performance style, basic characteristics and inheritance history of tea-picking opera in southern Guangxi are unique among other operas in China. The exploration, rescue, protection and inheritance of tea-picking operas in southern Guangxi will play a certain role in enriching and perfecting the history of China operas and even the history of world operas.