What are the differences between the mounting methods of calligraphy and painting in Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties?

Calligraphy and painting binding has a long history in China. As early as the Warring States period, there were silk paintings and books, and there were mounting paintings in the Western Han Dynasty. For example, the upper end of the silk painting unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province is equipped with flat wooden strips tied with silk ropes, and both ends of the wooden strips are also tied with streamers. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, paintings and calligraphy were mounted on red axis green paper. Famous jockeys include Ye Fan, Xu Ai, Chao Shangzhi and others.

In the Tang Dynasty, brocade was used for painting and calligraphy, with magnificent style, and many masters were produced. Zhang Yanyuan set up a chapter on "Mounting with an Axe on His Back" in Records of Famous Paintings in Past Dynasties, and discussed mounting matters.

Because of the prosperity of calligraphy and painting in Song Dynasty, mounting has also achieved unprecedented development. Silk is used as mounting material, and mounting styles are rich and colorful. During the reign of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty, most of the mounting was based on the painting heart with upper and lower boundaries, and there was no silk edge. The Zhou Dynasty took ancient silk as the edge, which was called Xuanhe Mounting.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial court set up a special organization to manage framed paintings and calligraphy.

Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the development of literati painting, mounting with plain silk or light silk as mounting materials has gradually increased. Regional mounting centers have emerged, and the mounted paintings and calligraphy have local characteristics because of the different colors, operation methods and mounting forms of silk, such as Beijing (Beijing) mounting and Jiangsu (Jiangsu) mounting. Zhou Jia in the Ming Dynasty wrote a book "Shi Lu", which discussed the subtlety and multiplicity of human beings.