The symbol of Buddha is like a cross, with more crosses at the end of each stroke, what does this symbol mean and how did it come about?

The swastika is one of the 32 major signs of the Buddha. According to the Nagarjuna Sutra, it is the sixteenth of the major phases and is located on the Buddha's chest. Also in Volume 6 of the Sutra on the Sayings of the Great Sakyani Qianzi, it is said to be the eightieth great phase of the Sakyamuni Buddha, located on the chest. In the twelfth volume of the Ten Grounds Sutra, it is said that when Sakyamuni Bodhisattva had not yet attained Buddhahood, he had the appearance of a vajra swastika of merit and majesty between his breasts. This is what is generally referred to as a phase of merit and virtue in the chest. However, in Volume 3 of the Fang Dang Dang Shuang Yen Sutra, it is said that there are also five swastikas in the Buddha's hair. In the 29th volume of the Arhat Vinaya Miscellany, it is said that the Buddha's waist also has a swastika. "The swastika is only a symbol, not a word. It is indicative of immense auspiciousness and is known as the Auspicious Sea Cloud, also known as the Auspicious Happiness Swirl. Thus, in the 381st volume of the Mahaparinirvana Sutra, it is said that the Buddha's hands and feet and the front of his chest are marked with auspicious and joyful whirls to indicate the Buddha's merits.

The symbol of the swastika has a rightward spin - ? ; there is a spin to the left - the swastika. According to the twenty-first volume of the Hui-Lin Yin-Yi, the Hui-Ivana Yin-Yi, and the Avatamsaka Sutra, etc., there are seventeen places in the total **** where the swastika phase is said to be a rightward spin. However, in the fan held by the statue of the Mālījītian shown in the tenth volume of the Dhārānī Jītā, the swastika-phase depicted is left-rotated - the swastika. There is also a swastika phase at the feet of the statue of Yakushi Buddha at Yakushi Temple in Nara, Japan, which is also left-rotated, but most accounts have it right-rotated. As early as the main gods in Hinduism, such as Vishnu and Krishna, had a swastika phase on their chests. According to ancient Indian legend, all the kings of the wheel of life who can rule the world have thirty-two major phases; the Buddha is the king of the Dharma, so he also has thirty-two major phases, which is recorded in the Vajrayogini Sutra.

In recent times, there have been debates about right-handedness or left-handedness. And most people think that right-handedness is right and left-handedness is wrong. Especially in the 1940s, Hitler, in Europe, also used the swastika phase as a symbol of his Nazism. Since then, there has been more debate, some saying that Hitler used left-handedness and Buddhism used right-handedness. In fact, in the Tang Dynasty, during the time of Empress Zetian Wu, a character was created, the swastika, pronounced as "wan", which means good fortune and virtue, is left-rotated; Hitler used an angled swastika, while Buddhism uses a square swastika. In Buddhism, it is square. In Hinduism, the right-handed swastika is used to represent the male deity and the left-handed swastika is used to represent the female deity. Whereas Tibetan Lamaism uses right-handedness, Benjaminism (bon-pa) uses left-handedness.

According to a study by Dr. Governor Mitsukushima of Kokushikan University in Japan, the swastika was not a script, but was first used in Brahmanical records in the eighth century B.C.E. It was the chest hair of the main god, Vishnu, and was a symbol called vatsa rather than a script, which was then used in the third century B.C.E. in the Buddhist scriptures. In the second century A.D. it was renamed 'svastiko, a spiral of hair on the head of a calf, which evolved into the thoracic hair of the Lord Vishnu, one of the sixteen major phases, and then one of the thirty-two major phases.

In short, in Buddhism, the swastika is used to symbolize the infinite wisdom and compassion of the Buddha, regardless of whether the swastika is rotated to the right or to the left. The swastika symbolizes the infinite operation of the Buddha's power, which extends infinitely to the West, endlessly displaying itself to provide relief to an infinite number of sentient beings in the ten directions without end. Therefore, there is no need to be obsessed with whether the swastika is right or left.

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The swastika is related to the translation of Buddhist scriptures and the spread of Buddhism, roughly speaking, since the Wei and Jin dynasties. The Great Square Buddha Avatamsaka Sutra, Volume 65, "Entering the Dharma Realm," says that Shakyamuni "had the swastika on his chest, and the seven places were flat and full." The swastika is a sign of good fortune and is one of the 32 phases of Shakyamuni. In ancient India, Hinduism and Jainism used the swastika as a sign of good fortune and wrote it on their gates, offerings and books. In Jain religious ceremonies, the swastika and the vase are among the eight objects that symbolize good fortune. The swastika in Sanskrit, pronounced Muroi? In Sanskrit, it means "blessing" and was formerly translated as "auspicious sea cloud".

Song Fayun "translation of the name of the collection" volume six cited Tang Huiyuan "new translation of the large square Buddha Huayan Sutra sound and meaning" said: "the case of the swastika is not the word, the great Zhou Changshou two years (693 years) the Lord of the right to make the text, written in the Tianshu, the sound of the Wan, that is, the collection of auspicious virtues also." Qiao Hui and more power number of Wu Zetian, first revered the Tao, and later suppressed the Tao revered Buddhism. She did so for a reason. Wu Zetian by Tang Taizong's talent, changed into Tang Gaozong's Zhao Yi, in the court struggle by any means necessary, beat Wang Huang Huang and Xiao Shufei and become the queen; she killed Li Tang royal family, and then changed the Tang Dynasty for the week as the emperor; she appoints the cool officials, with tyranny to deter the subjects, what she did, with the thinking of Confucianism is difficult to explain. And the road is the Li Tang royal family recognized, Chong Dao can not betray Li Tang, then only go Chong Buddha road. Ting Gong four years (688), Wu Cheng Si forged engraved with "the mother of Goddess of Mercy, Yongchang emperor" of the Ruishi, instigated by the table that the Ruishi out of the Luoshui. In the same year, some people also forged the Ruishi inscribed with "Buddha comes from the air, the top of the roof for the authorization (prophecy)", "three six years less singing Tang Tang, the next also singing Wu Mei Niang," claiming that it was obtained in Bishui, thus implying that Wu Zetian's claim to be the emperor was the will of the Buddha. The first year of Tianjiu (690), "East Wei State Temple monks Faming and other compilation of the Great Cloud Sutra four volumes, the table on it, that the Empress Dowager for the Maitreya Buddha was born, when the contemporary Tang Tang for the Lord of Yama Fudi (the world of man), the system awarded to the world" (Ziji Tongjian), Volume II, "4). In September of that year, she became the Holy Spirit Emperor of the Great Zhou. In the second year of Changshou's reign (693), when Bodhidhari and others translated the Po Yu Sutra, they added the words that "the Son of the Sun and Moonlight Heavenly Creator" was in the "Kingdom of the Mahabharata," and that "she therefore appeared in female form as the Lord of Self-Existence. This kind of Buddhist prophecy was effective for Wu Zetian to ascend to the throne and consolidate the throne.

About the "heavenly pivot", "Ziji Tongjian" Volume 2 "five records: Yanzhai yuan year (694), "Wu Sanshi Shuai four barbarians chieftainship asked for casting copper and iron for the heavenly pivot, set up outside the Duanmen, remembering the merits and virtues of the Tang Dynasty and glorifying the Zhou Dynasty". The center of the sky was 105 feet high, with eight sides. Tianshu 105 feet high, eight sides, each five feet in diameter. On the diameter of three zhang Teng Yun Cheng Lu disk, one zhang high four dragons holding fire beads, the pivot of the sky engraved with Wu Zetian inscribed on the list of "the Great Zhou all countries to celebrate the virtue of the heavenly pivot", engraved with Wu Sanshi wrote the text of Tang and praise of the Zhou, the names of the hundred officials and chiefs of the four barbarians. The establishment of the heavenly pivot to praise virtue is Wuzhou's initiative, the swastika engraved on the heavenly pivot, glorifying the auspiciousness of Wuzhou. As the years passed, the heavenly pivot had long since fallen into disrepair and disappeared. Now, Wu Zetian's mausoleum, stands in front of the wordless monument, in the end is self-confessed high merit, the text is difficult to express; or succeeded Tang Zhongzong on her merits and faults is difficult to comment on, only speechless?

From the archaeological discovery of cultural relics, the Sui and Tang dynasties, the swastika has come out of the Buddhist scriptures, and become a decorative theme of everyday objects. In the history of the evolution of bronze mirrors, from the Tang Dezong to the late Tang Dynasty, popularized the swastika mirror. The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty revered Buddhism, and a number of powder boxes decorated with the swastika were unearthed at the site of the Qu Dou official kiln in Dehua, Fujian. In the Qing Dynasty, the swastika brocade with large geometric edges was planted on a pile carpet, and people can still see that the continuous swastika on it is not broken.

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the swastika was sometimes written as a swastika in Buddhist scriptures in different ways, causing some confusion. The Tang Huilin's "Yinyi of All Sutras" suggests that the swastika should prevail. In Tibet, there is a difference between the counterclockwise swastika and the clockwise swastika. Tibetan Buddhists use the swastika as a sign of good luck and write it on temple doors, walls and other artifacts. The swastika, on the other hand, is a symbol worshipped by the Benjaminists, who call the swastika "yongzhong", meaning "solid" in Tibetan. Benzai believe that the swastika contains "solid faith unchanging" meaning, the swastika will be written in the temple door, walls, scriptures and religious scrolls, some areas of Tibetans, in the deceased's forehead to draw a swastika. The Benjaminists do it in a left counterclockwise direction, and the Tibetans do it in a right clockwise direction, touring around monasteries, stupas, sacred mountains, and holy places. The swastika and the swastika indicate the different ways of circumambulation in Benjaminism and Tibetan Buddhism. Benjaminism is a primitive religion similar to shamanism, with divination of good and bad luck, praying for blessings and elimination of disasters, inviting gods to drive away ghosts, and getting rid of diseases and relief as its main activities.

The swastika and 卐, as symbols, appeared very early in the history of human culture. Neolithic sites in West Asia - the Bakun site south of Persepolis in the Iranian province of Fars - have unearthed colored pottery dating to no later than 3500 B.C. Among them are ceramic elephants of the goddess of fertility, who symbolizes fertility, and who has a swastika on her shoulder. The Majiayao culture (3,300 to 2,050 B.C.) of China's upper Yellow River, a late Neolithic culture, belonged to the Majiayao culture, and more than 130 types of incised symbols have been found at the base of Liowan, east of the city of Dule County, Qinghai, among which are swastikas. These symbols, scholars believe, were used to keep track of events. Ancient Mesopotamia had swastikas on its currency. As Europe entered the Bronze Age, the swastika became a decorative symbol. Swastikas can be seen in early Christian art and Byzantine art. Swastikas and swastikas were also used by the Polynesians, the Maya of South and Central America, and the Navajo Indians of North America. The Navajo Indians used the swastika to symbolize the god of wind and rain. Early Germanic peoples*** had a deity, Thor, who was a god of thunder, and the swastika was his mallet.

The years passed and humanity entered the 20th century. Hitler believed that the Aryans were the finest race, and the swastika was the symbol of the Aryans; the Jews were the inferior race, and in his fervent pursuit of "racial purity," he set off one anti-Jewish campaign after another. In the 1920s and 1930s, when designing the flag for the National Socialist Party of Germany, he inserted a black swastika in a white circle on red cloth as an anti-Jewish symbol, and in September 1935 it became the flag and emblem of the Third Reich. Under the banner of the red, white and black swastika, the Nazi Party's anti-Jewish campaign, the Second World War instigated by the Third Reich and other fascist countries, resulted in the holocaust of mankind.

The swastika and the swastika as symbols have a long history and cover a wide area, and many nationalities have used it.

American ethnologist Morgan (1818.11-1881.12) said in Ancient Societies, "Posture and the language of symbols seem to be something primitive, the sister of the language of distinct speech. ...... evolved the two are still inseparable. Yes, postural or body language and symbolic language, like sisters, have always gone hand in hand with articulate language. Even when mankind stepped into the digital age and computer language became popular, postural language and symbolic language did not disappear. In the tunnel of time, symbols such as the swastika, the ten, the Chinese taiji, the ancient Egyptian beetle and so on, which came from the ancient times, have released or are still releasing energy, and they have positively or negatively influenced human culture. So don't discount the symbolic language that has been or will be produced throughout history, which tells you much more than a single block character. ......

The swastika, or "yongzhong" or "yongzhong" in Tibetan, is a symbol that is used to symbolize a number of different things. In the Tibetan monastery buildings, residential buildings, tents, furniture, carpets, clothing, stone carvings, magic weapons, works of art, as well as festivals, weddings and other celebrations, commonly used "swastika" symbol. It is widely and frequently used. "The swastika has a single figure or a series of figures, and its shape is left-rotating or right-rotating. In the past, the swastika was written in two ways and had two meanings. The swastika used on the Buddha statue is the left swastika, and the swastika used on the Benjaminism is the right swastika. According to "Dictionary": "Swastika" is not a word, but a symbol on the chest of the Buddhist Rudra, which means good luck and happiness. "The swastika was also used as a charm by many tribes in ancient times. "The swastika appeared in the history of ancient India, Persia, Greece and other countries; the Indian swastika symbol appeared in the period of the Indus civilization, and the time of its appearance is about 4,500 years ago. The Chinese swastika, which appeared about 4,500 years ago, was originally a deformation of the abstract frog limb pattern. The swastika pattern on the pottery of Liouwan, Qinghai, is a kind of abstract deformation of the frog limb pattern.

I. The origin of the swastika

In the history of human culture, the swastika has been used as a symbol for a long time, covering a wide range of areas, and has been used by many ethnic groups. On the question of the origin of the swastika symbol, there are both foreign and local views in the academic world, and there are many opinions, which are still not agreed upon to this day.

(1) The origin of the swastika

Some people in the academic world believe that the swastika is a "foreign product": it originated in India or Europe. Ancient Greece, Persia, Ancient Babylon and many other Eurasian peoples in the ancient culture have appeared, and later by some ancient religions used, such as Brahmanism, Buddhism, Jainism and so on have been used.

The ancient Mesopotamian currency had the swastika symbol. As Europe entered the Bronze Age, the swastika became a decorative symbol. In early Christian art and Byzantine art, can be seen in the swastika symbol. The Polynesians, the Mayans of South and Central America, and the Navajo Indians of North America also used the swastika. Early Germanic peoples*** had a god, Thor, who was a god of thunder, and the swastika was his mallet.

The Neolithic site in West Asia, Bakun, south of Persepolis in the Iranian province of Fars, has unearthed painted pottery dating from 3500 B.C.E., including a goddess of fertility, who has a swastika symbol on her shoulder. Brazil's primitive Karaje people also have "miscellaneous swastika" symbols on their decorations.

China's famous sutra translators Hatamarash and Xuanzang translated the swastika into the word "virtue" to emphasize the Buddha's immeasurable virtue. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Bodhidharma translated the swastika as the word "Wan". In the second year of Wu Zetian's Changshou reign (693), the Tang dynasty decided to pronounce it as "Wan", which means to collect all the auspicious virtues of the world. It is first mentioned in the Buddhist classic Avatamsaka Sutra, Volume 65 (80-volume edition), "Entry into the Dharma Realm": "The chest is marked with a swastika, and the seven places are filled with it. Tang Huiyuan, "Hua Yan Yinyi": "The swastika was not a word, but in the second year of the Zhou Changshou period, the Lord of the world made this text, which was written in the Heavenly Pivot, and the sound of it was Wan, which means that it is a collection of auspiciousness and virtues." With the Tang Dynasty, the swastika was written in two ways, either left- or right-handedly, and the Tang Hui Lin's "All Sutra Sound Meanings," Volume 21, said, "Right-handedness should prevail." This symbol is used in Buddhism to symbolize the illumination of Buddha's light, or as a Buddhist logo. Therefore, in Chinese and foreign Buddhist monuments, the Buddha's chest are marked with a swastika, to show the Buddha's "Rui Xiang", symbolizing good luck, light, sacred and beautiful.

It is said that the swastika was introduced into China in the 4th century A.D., during the Eastern Han Dynasty, along with the advancement of Buddhism to the east; because the swastika has an auspicious meaning in the Buddhist scriptures, it was later taken as the meaning of the perfection of all virtues. "The introduction of the swastika into Chinese life is related to the translation of Buddhist scriptures and the spread of Buddhism. It is also said that the origin of the Tibetan swastika worship may be related to the fire Zoroastrianism in ancient Persia, rather than the worship of the sun god.

Hitler believed that the Aryans were the finest race, and that the swastika was the symbol of the Aryans; the Jews were the inferior race, and in his fervent quest for "racial purity," he set off one anti-Jewish campaign after another. In the 1920s and 1930s, when designing the flag of the National Socialist Party of Germany, he inserted a black swastika in a white circle on a red cloth as a symbol of opposition to the Jews, and in September 1935, it became the flag and emblem of the Third Reich. Under the red, white and black swastika, the Nazi Party's anti-Jewish campaign and the Second World War provoked by the Third Reich and other fascist countries resulted in the catastrophe of mankind.

(2) "swastika" symbol of the local said

In recent years, China's Neolithic era, several sites, ...... are found painted, engraved or printed "swastika" symbol pattern, some people speculate that it originated in China, from China spread to the outside world. The reason is: as early as 6,000-7,000 years ago, the ancestors in the Gan and Qing regions made pottery with swastika symbols, Guangdong, Inner Mongolia and other places in the Neolithic sites also found similar symbols, so the swastika symbols from the local. "Therefore, the swastika is of local origin. "The swastika is a variant of the word "wu," which was used in the oracle bone inscriptions of 3,000 years ago because it was first used as a messenger of the sun. The word "witch" in the oracle bone inscriptions three thousand years ago, because "witch" was the earliest messenger of the sun, so the oracle bone inscriptions of the word "witch" are also similar to the swastika; in the rock paintings found in different parts of China, such as the rock paintings of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia, the rock paintings of Canyuan Mountain in Yunnan, the rock paintings of Huashan Mountain in Guangxi, the rock paintings of Shogun's cliffs in Lianyungang, the rock paintings of Gongxian Mountain in Sichuan Province, etc., all of them depicted or symbolized the sun god. or symbolizing the sun god. Generally, the sun god has a round head with radiant light, or the figure is holding the sun, or painting a round sun shape with a swastika in the circle. Swastikas are not only found in the pottery patterns of Gan and Qing in the northwest, but also in the Neolithic sites in the hinterland of the Central Plains, as well as in the oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions of the Shang and Zhou dynasties. These facts indicate that the cult of the swastika existed long before the introduction of Buddhism.

In recent years, in Tibet, Qinghai and other places have been found in ancient rock paintings, rock paintings, in addition to animals, the sun, auspicious patterns, there are also rock paintings of the swastika symbol. Such as Tibet Ali Ritu County found in Ritu rock paintings have "swastika" symbol evolution process sequence chart. Therefore, some scholars believe that the swastika symbol appeared the earliest in Tibet and has a profound meaning. Later on, swastikas also appeared in India, China and the West, but there is a big difference in their meanings. It is also believed that the swastika symbol did have a numerical significance in the first place, and was used to represent "nine". ...... "Nine" is a sacred number and is worshipped.

From the archaeological findings, the swastika symbol had already become a decorative motif on everyday objects during the Sui and Tang dynasties. In the history of the evolution of bronze mirrors, the swastika was popular from the reign of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty to the Late Tang Dynasty. At the site of the Qu Dou kiln in Dehua, Fujian Province, a Yuan dynasty powder box decorated with the swastika was unearthed. Qing dynasty swastika brocade large side geometric pattern planted pile carpet, that continuous head of the swastika symbol.

Since the Tang Dynasty, Han and Tibet and other national costumes in the common "swastika" symbol pattern, but also contains a variety of symbolism. Han folk costumes, the "swastika" symbol has been carefully handled, "swastika" symbol four ends of the extension of the painting of a variety of chain-link pattern, long and continuous, containing the meaning of wealth and prosperity. Sometimes the swastika is also tilted, or elongated deformation, the swastika four-way continuous pattern gives a sense of rotation of the dynamic, highly decorative.

An Xu pointed out in the "Tibetan clothing art": "swastika" pattern has been regarded as the traditional pattern of the Han people, people used to call it Hua Wanji, in fact, it originated from one of the Tibetan ancestors of the Qiang people culture. If we go back to an earlier time, we can see it in ancient Persia, Greece and India. Before the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Qinghai region was known as the "Qiang Rong land", the Qinghai Mafang culture is the first Qiang culture. Mafang culture site distribution area, mostly for the present Tibetan settlement area. So far in the back of the Tibetan region, there are still Tibetan compatriots to the swastika embroidered on the back of the clothes, and even stabbed on the body, become tattoo symbols, in the Tibetan other decorations are also very common .......

In Tibet, Linzhi County, Mirei Township, Yongzhuzhe village in the territory of the stone monument in addition to engraved with the Tibetan language, the monument below the surface of the monument carved with a pedestal, profile arc, 20 centimeters high, 1.6 meters wide. Carved on the seat of the raised swastika 11 symbols, with the color of Tibetan Benzoism. The inscription reads: "After the succession of Chidlom Songtsen, Prince Kungpo Gyalpo, in order to safeguard the interests of the small state, requested the Zangpo to reaffirm the old alliance: ... "In the past, since the separation of the brothers, and at the time of my father's ancestors, there was no separation between the government, the people, the people, and the gods; but nowadays, the people are happy, and the common government is like the swastika that is permanent. Nowadays, however, the officials of the Zangpo's inner government are imposing taxes and duties, and there are people who bully and abuse them. In order to have peace in the future, I pray to the king to give an edict of the League, in order to live in peace and happiness forever.

Dr. Kalmyk Sangmudan believes that an important doctrine of the Benzo religion is to make Omdrungren the center of the universe, which is symbolized by the nine-stage Yongzhong Mountain (symbolized by the swastika), topped by a crystal boulder in the shape of an altar. At the foot of the mountain, there are 4 big rivers flowing in 4 directions respectively, and there are 4 big palaces in 4 standard directions around Yongzhong Mountain, constituting the main area of Omulungren. Here mentioned the Tubo people of an ancient "orientation view", that is, Yongzhong Mountain as the center, to the Ganges River, the Indus River, Sydney River, the Bo Fork River and other 4 big rivers divide the center of the continent. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that the topographical structure of the Yongzhong Mountain is an analog of the original structure of the swastika. That is, the swastika symbol is the earliest of the Tubo people a written geographic symbols.

There is a legend circulating in the Kailash Tibetan area about the origin of Benzoism in the area. It is said that a long time ago, the lords of the Jajong Tibetan area were goddesses and transmitters of Benjaminism. They came back to earth to spread the Benzo religion. The goddess turned into a roc bird, gave birth to four eggs, the last one was a flower egg, named Laxi embracing the Zhong, sent by his father, the God of Heaven, in the Year of the Rat, the Dragon Day rabbit riding the dragon driving to the foot (one-legged gully), and the goddess of the White Dragon Princess Yixi Zaxi married, husband and wife back to pay homage to the God of Heaven's father, Father of the God of Heaven, arranged for them to go to look for a swastika terrain to live in, spreading the Benzoism; this legend is also related to geography.

There is also a legend that the swastika was created as a signpost by Ludongzan, a minister of the Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo, when he proposed marriage to the Tang dynasty. Later, the swastika was passed down in Tibetan areas to symbolize harmony, unity and good fortune.

The Tibet Lhasa Dazhao Temple in front of the door of the "Tongfan alliance monument" stone inscription within the Tibetan inscription, "this mighty virtue is incomparable Yongzhong of the king of the majesty and splendor" of the sentence. Benzanism believes in "Yongzhong" as the word of God, and to the left swastika as a representative. Ancient and modern Tibetan folk popular to "yongzhong" word for benzo temple name and benzo believers personal name. In kham and jiajung Tibetan area, Tibetans held a wedding, the bride to the groom's home to the bride sitting place with barley set a "swastika". In Moya, it is said that a swastika is drawn on the forehead of the deceased after death.

Some academics believe that the swastika, the symbol of Benzoism, is the worship of the ancient ancestors of the sun god, and the counterclockwise direction is with the ancient ancestors of the direction of the celestial body running cognitive, reflecting the essence of nature worship.

The swastika has been passed down for thousands of years along with the historical process of Tibetan culture. "The swastika, as a symbol of "eternity" and "immortality", has an extremely profound cultural meaning, and has been influencing people's way of thinking in the deep structure of Tibetan culture.

The symbol of the swastika

The reason why the swastika has not been obliterated by the changes of time from ancient times to the present and has been popular all over the world shows that it is not a symbol of general significance but has its own special connotation. The swastika is not a symbol in the ordinary sense of the word, but has a special meaning. "The swastika symbol was first used as a symbol of the sun god or the god of fire by human beings, and later referred to the Sanskrit metaphor of 'the auspicious sign of the chest', ...... is one of the thirty-two phases of Siddhartha Gautama. Many peoples around the world have used the swastika as a symbol of ancient religions. "The swastika has two ways of writing and two meanings, namely, clockwise swastika and counterclockwise swastika, representing Buddhism and Bengtism respectively.

At present, the symbolism of the swastika is summarized as follows: 1, is a Chinese character "Wan"; 2, in view of this image appeared in the chest of RuLai, it is said that the symbolism for the Buddhist "reincarnation "said the appearance; 3, the image has a Chinese character square form structure, so it is said to be lost "engraved in six thousand years ago in Gansu Majiayao pottery culture pottery on a Chinese character"; 4, because this symbol has been cast in our country during the warring states zhongshan to symbolize the king's power of the bronze battle-axe, so this figure "is a Chinese word". Therefore, it is said that this figure "is a totem symbol representing a race, or a unique symbol ---- clan emblem", and thus it is the "clan emblem of the White Di", a member of the northern Di tribe that had been prominent for a while since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in Chinese history; 5. Prehistoric primitive shamanism The concept of "immortality of the soul" can be an artistic representation of ancestor worship, "and its function is a spiritual and cultural life of people in primitive societies, for the purpose of giving vent to their emotions, expressing their wishes, expressing their will, and praying to their ancestors for blessings and elimination of calamities for their own purposes. Therefore, the swastika symbol is an artistic expression of faith through which the primitive religion unites the nation, protects the people, or seeks to achieve success.

In addition, there are the following points of view: First, that the "swastika" pattern may have evolved from the sun pattern, it is said that this picture symbolizes the "sun worship"; Second, that symbolizes the appearance of fertility worship; Third, that the The "swastika" pattern in the Majiayao culture is an abstract deformation of the frog limb pattern; four is that the "swastika" pattern is used to remember things; five is that the sun or the symbol of fire; six is a symbol of the wind wheel. Seventh, in the Tibetan primitive Benzai religion has the meaning of good luck and endless life.