Hubei Xiantao culture and art

Xiantao City was awarded the title of "Hometown of Folk Culture and Art in China" by the Ministry of Culture. Xiantao's folk performing arts are rich and colorful, and it is one of the important cradles of Chu culture. Mianyang ancient paintings, Mianyang fishing drums, Mianyang Taoist feelings, Mianyang shadow play, Mianyang ditty, lotus dance, Upright dance, clam shell fine dance, stilt walking, dragon lantern dance and lion dance have a long history and are famous all over the country. Xiantao people created ancient and modern folk performing arts in Jianghan Plain. "There are fishermen's songs on the lake, woodcutter's songs on the slope and flower drums on the ground" is a true portrayal of people's cultural life here. "Singing flower drums in five miles and three places, and shadow play in every village" is the real scene of cultural prosperity here.

Mianyang folk songs are rich in content, and Xiantao is one of the important cradles of Chu culture. According to the newly revised Mianyang Record, it can be roughly divided into eight categories, namely: chant, Tian Ge, minor, lantern song, folk song, children's song, revolutionary historical song, Xinmin song and so on. Most of these folk songs are produced in people's daily life, expressing their feelings of sadness, joy and hatred, as well as their pursuit of a better life. Representative works include Xianghe Ballad, How to Go Back to My Mother's Home in Leisure, Full Moon Lang, Double Skimming Bamboo Shoots, Picking Cucumber, Ten Prunes and so on.

Mianyang ancient painting opera is a local opera in Hubei, also known as Mianyang ancient painting opera, a national intangible cultural heritage, which was formed in the Qing Dynasty and has a history of more than 200 years. Among the people, it is widely known that "after listening to ancient paintings, you don't take medicine when you are sick." Traditional plays include Thirteen Verses and Standing on the Flower Wall.

Mianyang fishing drum is a kind of folk art, also known as Daoqing, Daoqing fishing drum, barrel cavity and southern microphone. With its strong local flavor and rough and high-pitched singing, it has left a deep impression on the audience and is quite famous in the history of folk art in China. After 1952, Mianyang Fishing Drum sang all over Hubei, and 1958 was named Hubei Fishing Drum.

Mianyang shadow play is a wonderful flower among many folk arts in Xiantao. It combines traditional painting, sculpture, fine arts, film and television animation, and has a strong national flavor. It is a wonderful flower in China art world. Xiantao is "the hometown of shadow play art in Hubei Province".

In the art of shadow play in China, Mianyang shadow play is unique with its exquisite image, beautiful lyrical singing, interesting lines and elegant and beautiful combination. Mianyang's shadow play is divided into the upper road, the middle road and the lower road. On the way, we borrowed folk tunes such as grass cutting songs, fiddling songs and cockfighting songs, and interpreted Mianyang shadow play with melodious tunes, which is the original source of Mianyang fishing drum cavity.

All kinds of characters, animals and props in the play are carefully carved by Mianyang with cowhide and paper-cutting. Artists can make every joint of them move, install operating rods, perform behind a screen made of white fine cloth, with various types of props and scenery, and show the images on the screen through lights, which are colorful, just like movies. Mianyang Shadow Play has more than 300 traditional plays and more than 20 modern plays, most of which are Pan Chao plays, occasionally interspersed with new screenwriters. Among them, Imperial Fan, Snail Fairy, Song Wu Da Hu, Flame Mountain, Three Invitations to Fan Lihua, and Miding Mountain's Sailing to the West are deeply loved by the masses.

Mianyang carved paper-cut is characterized by lush and complete composition, clear black and white, fluent and accurate knife cutting, precise and rigorous cutting, beautiful and symmetrical stippling, smooth lines, vivid scenery, full and balanced patterns, realistic and freehand brushwork, deformation without losing its original shape, rich artistic language and strong decorative atmosphere. Mianyang carved paper-cut and northern paper-cut have the opposite characteristics of fine and coarse, which is nuanced. First of all, its composition is full, and the three-dimensional figure on the plane is represented by "scattered perspective", and the points, lines and surfaces are organically combined. Combination of rigidity and softness, black and white contrast, and virtual reality. There is movement in silence, and there is stillness in movement. Therefore, the characters have both form and spirit, and the focus is on vivid and realistic modeling. The lines are smooth and round, both male and female engravings are used, and hollowing out and leaving white space are good. In 2008, it was approved by the State Council as a national intangible cultural heritage list, and 20 10 was selected as a representative list of United Nations cultural heritage. Xiantao City was awarded the title of "Hometown of Paper-cutting Art in Hubei Province" by the Hubei Provincial Government.

Mianyang good book is a kind of quyi form with the content of spreading the imperial edict and persuading people to be kind, characterized by alternating rhyme and white, and combining speaking and singing. Also known as "Talking about Saint Chongqing" and "Talking about Virtue", they are called "Taiping Book", "Hua Chun Fu" and "Crying Good Book" by the people. Formed roughly before the Opium War 1840, Xiantao was popular in the whole territory and surrounding counties and cities, and most of them were concentrated in Xiantao City, Miancheng, Hu Chang, Tonghai, Hu Sha, Changchongkou and Liu Xi. Singing activities were very popular in the old days, and there were often scenes of "five miles and three plays". In the 1990s, there were many good books in Mianyang, including The Singer and The Audience.

Mianyang Daoqing, also known as Hubei Daoqing, is a kind of singing art developed on the basis of the singing and qupai of Mianyang Daqian Haozi, Mianyang ancient painting drama and Mianyang fishing drum. After years of artistic practice, it has accumulated and evolved in performance, repertoire and Qupai music. Mianyang has strong musicality, strong banqiang and strong local flavor. It is one of the most influential local folk art forms in Hubei.

Mianyang three-stick drum is a kind of technical song and dance, and it is a folk art. Its performance mode is: tying drums around the waist, hanging gongs around the neck, throwing three wooden sticks with copper coins embedded at both ends into the air in turn, throwing sticks with both hands, receiving sticks, beating drums and singing at the same time, which is a one-person play; When they perform, it's even more exciting. One person throws sticks, sings drums and gongs to sound for the losers. When the stick is thrown, three swaying curves are drawn in the air, and then it turns into a colorful garland, which is firmly caught, thrown, caught and thrown again-a beautiful performance that makes people see things in a blur.

Mianyang ditty is also called "vegetable ditty" or "inland ditty". A kind of "folk song" in Hanshui River Valley, with high-pitched and beautiful tunes, is a kind of singing art with beautiful lyrics, fresh and natural, and full of artistic appeal. Be loved by the masses. Its musical style is formed according to the characteristics of four-tone intonation in Mianyang dialect, which is one of the more prominent types of Hubei ditty. It has a long history, connected with the roots and branches of Mianyang folk songs in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and absorbed songs from neighboring provinces, becoming the most musical singing art among Hubei local folk arts. The form of Mianyang ditty singing is simple and flexible. The form of performance can be sung by one person on a disc or by two or more people on a stringed instrument.

Xiantao shell carving Xiantao freshwater shell carving, using the shell of freshwater shellfish, absorbs traditional artistic expression techniques such as Chinese painting, jade carving, tooth carving, wood carving and stone carving, skillfully uses its natural color, texture and modeling, and is carefully carved into various forms and specifications such as flat sticking, relief, inlay and three-dimensional after cutting, turning, polishing and overlapping. Xiantao freshwater shell carving is characterized by making shell carving boats, which has attracted the attention of peers in the national peer appraisal. 1985 The Three-dimensional Shell Sculpture of Xiantao Freshwater Shells and the Multifunctional Shell Sculpture of Yellow Crane Returning with Audio won the 5th China Arts and Crafts Hundred Flowers Award; 1983 "Three-dimensional Shell Sculpture of Xiantao Freshwater Shells" won the jade medal of the first China International Tourism Expo; In 2007, the three-dimensional shell sculpture of Xiantao freshwater shellfish won the 8th China Arts and Crafts Master Exhibition. Among them, Yulong Yellow Crane Boat, as a unique shell carving skill, was collected by Hubei Hall of the Great Hall of the People.

Xiantao straw painting, also known as straw painting, can be traced back to the Sui Dynasty, with a history of 1400 years. Fairy peach painting was roughly formed in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty. Deng Chuo, the son of Huguang Mianyang State, went to Beijing for the palace examination. While waiting for the list, he spent all his money drawing straw pictures in the suburbs. Princes and ministers rushed to buy it, and it was not surprising that he gathered in Beijing to adopt his son. As a result, Jinshi and Hanlin were ordered to edit and polish this painting skill in their spare time, which became more and more perfect and formed a unique artistic secret to be passed on to future generations. After resigning from his post and returning to his ancestral home, it began to spread in Xiantao, and gradually formed Deng Cao's paintings suitable for Xiantao's customs and public aesthetics.

At the same time, the straw painting can be preserved for thousands of years without aging and fading, and can be used in families, offices, hotels, restaurants and entertainment places. Xiantao straw painting boldly absorbs many artistic elements such as paper-cutting, shell carving, bark painting, feather painting, calligraphy, traditional Chinese painting and pyrography, and creates a bas-relief straw painting with both traditional skills and modern aesthetic consciousness. In terms of performance content, it draws on a wide range of materials, taking emperors and generals, flying clouds and flying the moon; Taking ordinary people, flowers, birds, insects and fish as examples, the image expression is eclectic, the composition is complete and lush, the vulgarity is elegant, the form and spirit are both vivid and vivid, showing a unique artistic effect. Its artistic connotation is simple and elegant, dignified and beautiful, lifelike and full of strong local flavor.

Xianghe percussion is a kind of folk percussion music popular in the middle and lower reaches of Xianghe (the Han River below Xiangyang is Xianghe). Music is mainly based on local folk music and evolved by absorbing many popular songs in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The musical instruments played by Xianghe are suona, gong, cymbal, drum, gong and jockey. Among them, suona is the main instrument, and the band consists of six people. The playing forms are divided into two types: line playing and sitting in the classroom. The melody has a strong flavor of Jianghan Plain, and many songs come directly from Mianyang folk songs. The structure of music is mostly single, long and short sentences coexist, and the upper and lower sentences are antithetical. Xianghe Blowing will be used in different occasions such as folk weddings, funerals and auspicious celebrations in Xiantao, which is an important part of various ethnic activities in Xiantao.

The Ten Brocade of Xiantao is also called "Seven Stars Ideas" and "Ten gongs and drums", and it is also called "Yin Qing" in Miancheng. Originated in the Ming Dynasty, it spread among the people and was later used by Buddhism and Taoism. There are ten timbres composed of percussion instruments (namely, percussion, percussion, percussion, seven, wave, star, dang and long) and wind instruments (namely, flute, flute, suona and sheng), which belong to a playing form of "harmonious blowing". Most of the tunes played are brand songs in North and South Qupai, and some folk tunes are also mixed. Its main tracks are "fisherman's music" and "money flower" According to the Records of Mianyang Prefecture, there is a historical allusion of "ten gongs and drums", also known as "ten kinds of brocade". The 12th Prince Zhu built Guanyin Pavilion as his palace in the ancient town. Bai Zhu loved music and extradited the palace music Ten Brocade to the ancient town. Since then, the "Ten Brocade" has been settled down and passed down from generation to generation for hundreds of years.

Jianghan Sixian is a kind of folk string in Jianghan Plain, which was born and developed under the gestation of Mianyang folk songs, Mianyang ditty and Mianyang ancient painting opera music. It has a history of nearly a hundred years. Erhu, Hu Si and Jinghu are the main musical instruments of Jianghan Sixian. Erhu has a variety of "initial" skills, such as vibrato, sliding, playing, fingering and bow lifting, which has formed a variety of timbre performance characteristics. Sihudo is a short song adapted from folk minor. Jinghu has a bright tone and strong pronunciation. With a clear sense of rhythm and strong expressive force, it is generally used for music with a long structure and the characteristics of China traditional opera singing. Yueqin is sometimes used in it, which adds colorful effects to Jianghan Sixian's music performance with the timbre of plucked music and the performance of double tones, arpeggios and jumps.

Mianyang stilt dragon lantern combines stilt and dragon lantern, which is a unique performance form of Mianyang dragon dance, with unique style and superb skills. A person who walks on stilts and dances with dragons must have three basic skills at the same time: walking on stilts, dancing dragon lanterns and martial arts. The key to watching the dragon lantern on stilts is that when dancing the dragon, the dragon lantern should be spread out and turned around, because the lower mouth of the dragon lantern is movable. When the dragon lantern goes up, the longkou opens to grab the pearl, and when it goes down, the longkou closes, which is very vivid and beautiful. Mianyang stilt dragon lantern festival will play tricks, interspersed with more than a dozen skills such as sky plate, turf, ground rolling fish biting tail, half moon, Qinglong plate column, Wuyue (playing five square tables) and so on. Playing dragon lanterns has a strong lineup, which has become a beautiful scenery of Xiantao traditional folk dance.

Mianyang Lotus Picking Boat is a popular form of culture and entertainment during the Spring Festival in Xiantao, with a long history. Lotus picking boat is related to the area where Xiantao is located, where the lake is boundless and the lotus is fragrant, and it is the land of fish and rice. Lotus root has always been rich, so the art form of lotus boat is widely circulated in Xiantao. Xiantao Lotus Picking Boat is also famous for its unique artistic expression in Jingchu. Participated in many provincial folk dance performances and won favorable comments. Mianyang sugar sculpture, also known as sugar man model, is a folk food technology that uses edible sugar as raw material to shape the image. It is generally for children to enjoy and eat. The making technique of sugar plastic is mainly blowing and pulling. Blowing is the most basic skill in Miyang sugar carving. In addition, rubbing, pulling, rubbing, pressing, picking and cutting are also common skills. There are four kinds of sugar carvings: red, green, black and yellow. The sugar carving is vivid and lifelike. The themes of Mianyang sugar sculptures are mostly common birds and beasts, people and animals in myths and legends, which are funny, playful and meaningful.