In which ancient book or poem was the ink stone first used?

Wu Ji Shimou (午集下) "Stone Character Department" -砚

《唐韵》吾甸切《集韵》《韵会》《正韵》倪甸切音. The first is the "硏究也, 硏究墨使和濡也. The first is the "硏聙聺," which means "to make the ink and the ink moisten. The four genealogies of the literary room, the Yellow Emperor got a jade button, the rule for the ink seal, said Dihong's inkstone. Zhou wuwang - inkstone inscription "graphite and black, evil heart slanders have not been defiled white.　And surname. Yuan Wen class" Guo Zi Jian Si Ye ink stone Mijian.　And "word Hui supplement" classical cut, sound Jian. Moist stone.　The correct word "硏砚音义俱分, now common combined into one. [2]

Inkstone, commonly known as inkstone, is the Han writing, painting and grinding color tools. Inkstone has been popular in the Han Dynasty, the Song Dynasty has been widely used, the Ming and Qing dynasties, a wide variety of varieties, appeared in what is known as the "four great inkstones" DuanYan, SheYan, TaoYan and chengNiYan. Ancient Han Chinese literati attached great importance to the inkstone, not only with the day, but also after death with the burial.

Inkstone and pen, ink, paper is the traditional Chinese four treasures. The inkstone is used for grinding ink, holding the ground ink and dismissing the brush. Because it grinds ink, it has a flat area; because it holds ink, it has a depression. In the "Interpretation of Names" written by Liu Xi of the Han Dynasty, it is explained that "the inkstone is also used for research, and the ink can be studied to make it moistened.

The most common inkstone production material is stone, there are from guangdong duanxi duanyan, from anhui shexian sheyan, from southern gansu taoyan, from henan luoyang chengni inkstone, etc., these four kinds of inkstone is known as "China's four big inkstones", duanyan is also known as the duanxi stone inkstone, ranked the first of the four big inkstones. Another "south end of the north easy" said, "easy" refers to the Hebei Yishui inkstone. She inkstone (Wang Yao works) in addition to the Tang began to use the remains of the Tongquatai brick brick inkstone made popular for a while.

Su Shi has a Tang Dynasty Xu Jingzong inkstone, in Huangzhou Shahu people's home when the Lv Daoren sunken mud inkstone, Su Shi said: "the beauty of the inkstone, stopping at the slippery and hair ink, and all the other things are afterthought." Shao Sheng two years (1095), Su Shi wrote to Huang Tingjian: "or said Jushi: 'I'm going to Duanxi, can buy an inkstone for the public.' Jushi said: 'I have two hands, one of them to write, and there are three inkstones, why more?'" Su Shi has a poem in honor of his late friend Shi Changyan: "non-people grinding ink ink grinding people!" After a long time of history, inkstone has long ceased to be simple stationery, and became a set of carving, painting in a fine crafts, become the literati collection of objects. The end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Ho Qu "spring islet journal" recorded Song Huizong called Mi Fu writing, Mi Fu saw the emperor on the table with a famous inkstone, a write the word, on the inkstone kneeling please said: "This inkstone by the minister moistened, can not be reintroduced into the imperial, take into the stop." Let the emperor give him the inkstone, the emperor promised him, Mi Fu dance to thank, and fear that the emperor regrets, will rush to hold the inkstone back, and even the clothes are dyed black. Emperor Huizong sighed and said, "The upside-down name is not false."

The end of the Ming Dynasty, Lv Liuliang inkstone addiction, said, "I am a young inkstone, no less than two or three dozens of savings." Huang Zongxi had given him an octagonal inkstone, this inkstone is Mei Langzhong from the hands of missionaries to get the dragon's tail inkstone. Kangxi Lin Ji, Yu Dian are addicted to inkstone, Yu Dian inscribed in the hole in the living eye inkstone inscription: "Mo refined in the hole, purely its hibiscus out of the water, Mo Liang in the eyes, Ran Xiaoxing of the sky." .

Ming and qing dynasty scholar had to swallow stone ink stone, the so-called swallow stone is actually the Cambrian period of trilobite fossil, chic charm, and easy to send ink, y for the calligraphy cherish. Wang Yuyang "pool north of the occasional talk" as: "Zouping Zhang Shangshu Chongzhen between the tour of Taishan, hosted by the mouth of the Da Wen, occasional line to the Wen Shui Bin, the water got the stone, as many bats (blessed) inkstone." Zhang Yandeng died, the inkstone fell into the hands of the Zhejiang governor Zhang Jie. Kong Shangren praised the inkstone: "Zhang's two chancellors, the loss of the wheel; an inkstone for the two sages, before and after the Lotus family".

Taiwan's turbid water streams produced by the "conch creek stone", the faceted inkstone, called "conch creek inkstone", due to the color and luster of the elegant and good ink, and winter does not freeze, the water does not dry, but also for the rare treasures.

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History

Inkstone The origin of the inkstone is very early, probably in the early years of the Yin and Shang dynasties, ink and inkstone began to roughly see the prototype. At the beginning of the pen directly dipped in graphite writing, and later because of the inconvenience, can not write large characters, mankind has thought of the first in the hard things ground into juice, such as stone jade, brick, copper, iron and so on. Yin and Shang Dynasty bronze has been very developed, and pottery and stone readily available, inkstone is with the use of ink and then gradually take shape, ancient times to the most common stone inkstone, until now through the test of many generations is still the best stone. Can make inkstone stone is very much, China's vast territory, everywhere is the famous mountains and rivers, naturally there are a variety of stone. Produce stone place, there must be stone workers, so the production of inkstone places throughout the country.

The late seventies, in shaanxi jiangzhai neolithic site, unearthed a set of painting tools, which has a stone inkstone, research stick and inkstone cover, about 7000 years ago. 1975, hubei yumeng sleep tiger qin tomb unearthed in the warring states inkstone, is made of pebbles polished. However, at that time, the ink was a natural ore, so the inkstone also needed the assistance of a mortar and pestle in order to grind the ink to a fine point. When did the shape of the inkstone with a mortar and pestle or a research stone change, that is, eliminate the mortar and pestle or research stone, and close to the current inkstone? As far as we know, it was not until the two Han dynasties. The Han Dynasty, due to the invention of artificial ink, ink can be ground directly on the inkstone, so no longer need to use a mortar and pestle or stone grinding natural or semi-natural ink. So it seems, mortar and pestle or research stone after prehistory and Xia, Shang and Zhou **** three thousand years of long journey, only gradually fade away, although today has not been used, but its achievements for the dissemination of culture still can not be ignored.

China's traditional four major inkstone, namely, Duan Yan, She Yan, Tao Yan, Chendian inkstone. Famous are the Guangdong Zhaoqing DuanYan, Anhui's SheYan, Shandong LuYan, Jiangxi LongTaoYan, Shanxi ChengNiYan. DuanYan produced in guangdong duanzhou (zhaoqing city) in the eastern suburb of duanxi, the tang dynasty is very famous, li he has a poem: "duanzhou stone worker skillful as god, step on the sky to grind the knife cut purple cloud", praise stone worker climbed up to the high place chiseling purple rock to make inkstone. Duan inkstone has "the first of the inkstone" reputation, the stone quality is delicate, solid, tender, moist, touch as if the baby's skin. Warm and moist as jade, grinding no sound, hair ink moist. Stone and robin's eye and other natural texture, Sheyan produced in Huizhou, Huizhou is the government, Shexian is the county, in the same place. Therefore, Sheyan and Hui ink is "four treasures" in the same place of production of sisters. She inkstone characteristics, according to the "hole day Qinglu set" said: "fine and moist as jade, hair ink such as hungry oil, and no sound, long time use does not retreat. Or there are hidden white lines into the landscape, stars, clouds and moon visions." Duan ink stone resources are lacking, the famous and valuable has not much; Shexian is located in the sun of the Huangshan Mountains, take a wide range of materials, in recent years there are still skeletonization of the art of carving very fine ink stone production. Taohe River ink stone material produced in Gansu Lintao River deep water at the bottom, it is extremely difficult to take. Chendian ink stone produced in Jiangzhou, Shanxi, is not a stone inkstone, but with a silk bag sunk into the Fen River, a year later, the bag is filled with fine silt and sand, used to make inkstone. Another Lu inkstone, produced in Shandong; Pan Gu inkstone, produced in Henan; Ribbon inkstone, produced in Jiangxi. Generally speaking, where the stone is fine and dense, can keep wet, grinding ink without sound, hair ink moist, are better inkstone. Types

Inkstone, according to the material to points, there can be stone, ceramic tile, metal, lacquer sand, etc., and the main material of the inkstone is a variety of inkstone. Inkstone is generally named after the origin, China produces more than 200 kinds of inkstone, the most of which belongs to the four famous inkstone - Duan inkstone, She inkstone, Taohe inkstone, red inkstone (another term for the inkstone).