The concept of innovation environment

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Importance of the Innovation Environment for Science and Technology Innovation

Science and technology innovation is a general term for scientific originality and technological innovation. Science is the systematic knowledge of human beings to understand nature and its development law, scientific original is human beings in the process of understanding the natural phenomenon and its movement and development to discover and invent new knowledge with regularity and the apparatus used; technology is the process of human beings to transform the natural process of manufacturing and operation of the systematic knowledge and technology, technological innovation is the people in order to transform the natural process of manufacturing and operation of the process of summarizing the invention or discovery of new knowledge and invention of new technology. Technological innovation is the new knowledge and techniques summarized and invented or discovered by people in the process of manufacturing and operating in order to transform nature. Since science and technology are knowledge about human cognition and transformation of nature, and technology also contains skills, and the greater and more human participation, the higher the content, density and level of scientific and technological knowledge, these characteristics determine the humanistic and scientific value of science and technology, so we say that science and technology and their innovations are also an important part of the culture of innovation.

Structural elements of STI environment

According to the broad definition of STI environment, these elements should be centered on results. According to whether it is physical and rigid (which can be roughly understood as non-humanistic and humanistic) the environment is divided into two categories: hard environment (consisting of the physical environment and rigid management system and personnel) and soft environment (consisting of the humanistic environment, elastic research direction and evaluation system), of which the elements of the physical environment are composed of the campus premises, instrumentation and equipment, and financial salaries, etc., and the humanistic environment consists of the main scientific and humanistic spirit, The humanistic environment is mainly composed of scientific and humanistic spirit, academic tradition, academic style and atmosphere of governance. The degree of mutual penetration and integration of hard and soft environments determines the humanistic physical environment (mainly composed of talents and institutions) and materialistic human environment (mainly composed of research direction and evaluation system), and the more they penetrate and integrate, the greater the scope of the humanistic physical environment and materialistic human environment will be, and the tendency and size of the results will be more significant. There are many factors affecting scientific and technological innovation, and because of the differences in time, place and specific circumstances, which environment and what elements play a major role in the impact on the innovation process of each scientific and technological personnel, scientific research institutions or organizations, is often different.

The Important Role of the Environment for Science, Technology and Innovation

Focusing on the physical environment human culture has a particularly important role for science and technology innovation.

Since the emergence of modern science, the various major factors that make up the STI environment have been conceived, developed, operated and transformed by people. Ubrich Beck and others in the book "self-reflexive modernization" that "the natural environment has been thoroughly reorganized by human life, the natural things are being turned into things for me, and man himself has become part of the environment", so the environment of science and technology innovation is even more the product of human culture, and thus lose its main purely objective attributes. Incorporating the change of the ready-made environment into the process of STI has a very positive significance for research organizations, teams, groups and researchers. Modifying the environment and creating a good atmosphere is an important part of scientific and technological research. One of the key reasons why the Cavendish Laboratory has achieved so much over more than a century is the long-established tradition and principle of students and researchers 'doing it themselves'.

The environmental innovation required for innovation is an important part of the culture of science, technology and innovation.

Environmental innovation platform rolling and rolling well becomes a necessary prerequisite for the realization of the system of science and technology innovation, which, together with the activities of science and technology innovation, constitutes the system of science and technology innovation process. The environmental innovation of science and technology innovation is an integral part of the culture of science and technology innovation, that is, the science and technology innovation environment of human culture. According to the rolling principle of the innovation environment platform, the human culture of the innovation environment should naturally be rolling, forming a systematic, human culture of science and technology innovation environment.

Watson, in order to find a good environment to understand and study molecular genetics, ran through two continents and five cities, and finally chose the right direction, subject and environment for his own research, and one of the main keys is to find and choose the right place or environment that is most suitable for studying the structure of DNA. He and Crick turned out to be the headliners in an otherwise disadvantaged situation. Watson and Crick's discovery of the double helix structure of DNA shows that, in their own inability to create a favorable research environment, good at finding a favorable environment and conditions for originality is very necessary, or at any time there is a possibility that this discovery from their hands to slip away.

According to Peruzzi and Walker (John.E. Waker) for the British MRC Molecular Biology Laboratory and its evolution of the Sanger Research Center and the Wellcome Sanger Institute of the reasons for the success of the statement can be summarized in five points: promising research direction, truly original talents and experts gathered research team, stable research funding, advanced research facilities, free to explore and stimulate the soft environment for original ideas. The soft environment that stimulates original ideas. In fact, these are inherited and carried forward the excellent tradition of the Cavendish Laboratory, that is to say, these five aspects of the creation of a very good soft and hard environment, and to achieve a number of rolling development of the innovative cultural environment, for more than 40 years continue to maintain in the world of life sciences research pioneers and leading position.

It is of urgent practical significance for our country to look at the world and learn from the best, and to change all the habits and environments that are not conducive to scientific and technological innovation.

President Alberts of the US National Academy of Sciences, in 2003, praised China's scientific community for having "very outstanding leadership, such as Mr. Zhou Guangzhao and Mr. ***, who don't care about their personal interests, but really care about China's future, and that's the kind of leadership we need". He added that when they select talents, "they don't consider political background, they don't look at family connections, they only look at whether they have real talent, which shows that they consider real science, and if you don't select people who really study science, science won't be done well." This scientific view of talent is an important condition for China's science and technology to embark on the road to prosperity after reform and opening up.

China is facing the daunting task of strengthening the hard environment and transforming the soft environment

Whether a scientific research institution can become world-class, its determining factor should be more the quality and level of scientific research. The University of Cambridge, since Newton, has been able to remain at the top of the world for four or five hundred years and has sometimes occupied the top position, mainly because of good research and teaching with research. Maxwell took office as the first director of the Cavendish Laboratory, on the advocacy and implementation of the spirit of research into the teaching, this policy and the relative advantages of the soft and hard environments, to bring the room more than 130 years of prosperity and 25 Nobel Prize winners.

The impact of the hard environment. The hard environment is the environment with physical and rigid. The main elements of the hard environment: research direction, staff structure, facilities, funding and management system.

Research direction: the scientific and technological community often focus on the number and level of scientific and technological masters or experts, funding and salary, sometimes taking into account the advanced nature of the experimental instruments and equipment, and seldom mention the direction of scientific research and management system. Foreign mature experience shows that the choice of research direction is particularly important. By the research direction and subject to determine the person in charge, experts and postgraduate candidates and scale, to determine what kind of equipment, to determine the address of the research organization, building, form, system and the need for funding how much is ignored by most people.

For example: the University of Cambridge has a long history of good hard environment, the College has a huge and solemn seminary-style buildings, cultural deposits; history of the many humanities titans and masters of science in this place has left the world in awe of the prestige and the cultural canon; the modern industrial revolution and the British Empire's protracted wealth once for its students and faculty members to provide a background of generous funding.

The author has been in the United Kingdom, Cambridge, Oxford and Imperial College London and other universities, the United States, Maryland, Princeton and other universities and national scientific management organs to visit or visit the study, and realistically said that many of our country's prestigious universities and research institutes and their campuses and premises compared to the general say that by no means poor, some better. Tsinghua University and Peking University compared with Cambridge and Harvard, the school building is good, the campus is also beautiful, the funding in recent years there are obvious improvements, but the main gap is the development of unclear direction, characteristics are not clear, the quality of scientific research and the academic level gap is quite large, in particular, the important disciplines of the originator and the key to open up new areas of pioneers is extremely deficient in the guide-type talent is in very short supply. After years of reflection, Momen Pope, Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Director of the Division of Neurobiology at the University of California, Berkeley, concluded, "I increasingly realize that the obstacles to achieving international excellence for Chinese research institutions may not come from economic factors, but from cultural factors."

The influence of the soft environment. The soft environment refers to the non-physical and non-rigid environment, mainly the humanistic environment. Its main components are the spirit of science and humanism, scientific tradition, academic style, governance atmosphere and evaluation system. China's scientific and technological circles and the media attach great importance to the political evaluation of scientific activities and the social image of scientists, and pay more attention to the academic style of scientists, but neglect the special importance of scientists' interest, expertise and curiosity for scientific research and originality, belittle the free exchange of scientific ideas, and underestimate the special role of a relaxed and stimulating atmosphere of governance for the emergence of scientific and technological innovations, and put the "May Fourth" and "May Fourth" into the hands of scientists. "The excellent tradition of "science and democracy" of the May Fourth Movement has been put aside, thus making those excellent experiences and traditions in the history of mankind put on the veil of "classiness". The result is to hinder the speed and process of scientific and technological development in China.

The famous scientific research institutions and institutions of higher education in the advanced countries in science and technology, in terms of funding, premises, campuses and experimental instruments, equipment, etc., due to long-term accumulation and creative development, has reached a fairly high level, can basically meet the needs of scientific research at all stages of development, and therefore, they are concerned about the collection of funds in addition to their remarks and planning, rarely mentioned the hard environment, the vast majority of people have put the The vast majority of them talk about how good the soft environment is in terms of their focus and the reasons for their success. For example, Watson said in his speech at the Nobel Prize conference, "We have received such a high honor, a very important factor is due to work in a learned and tolerant circle ......", "learned and tolerant circle" is their appropriate environment. The "circle of erudition and tolerance" is their humanistic environment suitable for scientific originality. Steven Chu, the Chinese Nobel Laureate in Physics, said in his Nobel Prize lecture that "Bell Labs is a paradise for research", and "paradise" refers to an excellent environment for scientific and technological innovation, which is what scientific and technological personnel greatly crave in order to obtain important scientific and technological achievements. This is what scientists and technologists crave in order to obtain important scientific and technological achievements. Steven Chu believed that Bell Labs at that time had such a good humanistic environment for learning. Frank B. Jewett, the first president of Bell Labs and the president of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, who made significant contributions to the wartime scientific and technological development of the United States during the World War II, said the following about the atmosphere of scientific research: "All fruitful sciences are the result of the work of the human mind, and they flourish only in an atmosphere of great freedom. No person or group of persons can predict in advance what ideas will come out of the minds of others, nor can they restrain people from generating new ideas; the best they can do is to provide a favorable environment for creative effort. Controls, if necessary, can only be exerted later on over the use of those creations so that they will be beneficial to society and not detrimental to it."

It can be seen that, with the hard environment basically in place, what scientific research needs most is a humanistic environment in which scientists can think freely in their academic endeavors, where the knowledge base should be broad and rich, where there is adequate communication, and where novel and innovative ideas can be stimulated, that is, a soft environment that is relaxed, active, and stimulating, as we say. The last thing that research managers should do is to frustrate and restrict this environment, but should work hard for the formation and development of this environment. If there is one thing that managers can do more about the soft environment, it is to apply the results of research in ways that benefit society, not the other way around.

Attention is beginning to focus on the soft environment of change. In the past, China's scientific and technological backwardness is said to be "poor", China's economy and research funding has improved significantly, many scientific leaders have begun to recognize the importance of the soft environment from the concept, and the humanities environment to the extent that the material environment and the two schools to focus on the nature of the two. For example, Peking University President Xu Zhihong in the first Sino-foreign University Presidents Forum, in response to a reporter's question about when China won the Nobel Prize, said: "I think our universities should first create a suitable environment, the first to create the environment for scientific and technological research, the humanities environment, a good environment, good soil, Nobel Prize winners, no matter in which research institution or in which laboratory to produce out, it does not feel that the Nobel Prize winners, no matter in which research institution or in which laboratory to produce out, it is not a good idea. Which laboratory to produce out, will not feel strange". Later, according to the tradition of Oxford University, which attaches great importance to the promotion of humanism and scientific literacy, he thought that it was the first priority for Peking University to focus on the construction of humanism and then promote the development of science, engineering, medicine and other disciplines. Wang Xuan, the inventor of laser typesetting technology, said when talking about China's access to the Nobel Prize: "We should focus on building an environment for the growth of human resources and a good research atmosphere". These new trends show that international exchanges of experience in running schools are of great significance to our country's running a good university, which has led to a big leap in the concept of running schools. And shows that the scientific and technological community for scientific research and scientific and technological research and development of the main focus has been emphasized for many years from the country's poor, knowledge backwardness and China's "soil" is not fertile and so on, to the humanities environment is poor, which is not a small progress in understanding. With this understanding, will no longer be keen on the one hand, shouting slogans, making new words and writing empty documents, on the other hand, and complaining about the people, hoping that decades, hundreds of years are difficult to solve the objective factors, as well as everything depends on a piece of paper and a unified jurisdiction of science, technology and education management methods. I hope that "look around the world and learn from all the strengths" will not be an empty phrase and a timely statement, but should be broad-minded and open-minded, with subjective efforts to learn from the mature experience of the scientific and technological development of the advanced countries after the Second World War, combined with their own characteristics, to create a humanistic and material environment conducive to scientific and technological innovation, and to form a new situation of the development of scientific and technological prosperity and education, so that in a less than perfect state, the development of science, technology and education will not be affected. The new situation of the development of science and technology and education, so that in a not too long time to achieve important breakthroughs with the world's leading edge and a series of original results.

Regarding the evaluation system, in recent years, whether in the evaluation of titles, awards and talent appointment, or assess the distribution of scientific research funds at all levels and results, there are evaluation standards unreasonable and improper distribution and the phenomenon of discussion, administrative intervention and interpersonal interference, as well as the assessment of the eyes of the judges and the quality of the existence of a variety of problems, and disputes arise frequently. In short, the principle of openness, fairness and impartiality must be emphasized, domestic and foreign experts, scholars and authorities in the discussion, consultation, evaluation and participation in the degree and scale should be gradually expanded, so that the national selection and evaluation of indicators and activities are increasingly rational. Educational lectures and the system of a test for life, the academic community within the close cynicism far from the bad habits, the scientific and technological community of the mediocrity and the face of the light evaluation and competition, as well as scientific and technological innovation in front of the lack of skepticism and courageous spirit of pioneering and so on, are China's current need to seriously deal with the important issue of the soft environment.

It is necessary to emphasize the significant role of innovative cultural environment in the process of scientific and technological innovation, but for China's scientific research and scientific and technological research and development, perhaps more important is the continuous innovation of the innovative environment. Since the scientific and technological environment is the environment of human culture, the important work of researchers and innovators is to do their own work according to the needs of the research, the transformation and innovation of the environment (including instruments, equipment, personnel structure, the atmosphere of governance and free exchange, etc.), the formation of a favorable and suitable for the research topic of the required hard and soft environment. *** The main responsibility of research institutions and their directors is not to direct and manage the specific process of research and give too much administrative intervention, but to help formulate the research direction and evaluation criteria, and then properly create conditions and environment conducive to research and innovation, as well as to find sources of funding and make certain necessary services. In short, it is not good to do less within this scope, and it is likely to be even worse to do more beyond this scope, and there is nothing better than to do it in moderation.

Innovative development environment

Practice has proven that the development of a regional environment is optimized, whether or not loose, directly related to the factors of production can be gathered, whether or not talent can be gathered, cadres and masses can play a positive role in the development of a region directly related to the development of a department. Development environment is a comprehensive concept, both industrial environment, living environment, transportation environment, business environment and other hardware environment, but also policy environment, service environment, credit environment, business environment, legal environment, public opinion environment and other software environment. Over the past few years, Yangzhou has made major breakthroughs in major infrastructure, urban environment has undergone profound changes, development along the river, the park's construction of a comprehensive push to build a platform for development, broaden the space, the hardware environment has been a great improvement, with a variety of factors of production, a variety of industries to Yangzhou development of the carrying capacity and development conditions. But we are facing the outstanding issue is the improvement of the development of the soft environment, we need to continue to uphold the "pro-business business rich business" concept, the need to adhere to the principle of keeping promises, honesty and integrity, to create a safe for investors to invest in a profitable development environment. We need to be more solid around the project landing a series of services such as examination and approval services, business, customs, inspection and affairs. We need not only the smiling face of the service provider, but also the efficiency of the service, but also the standardization of the service, to create an efficient and standardized low-cost business environment. We need to work harder to grasp the industrial chain, value chain cultivation, the formation of pillar industries more complete upstream and downstream development of the industrial environment, so that investors have a better space for development. We need to all entrepreneurs, and further create an atmosphere of entrepreneurship, innovation and excellence, so that all the enthusiasm to create wealth can be fully realized, so that all the sources of wealth creation to fully flow. We need *** all departments, all staff can firmly establish the sense of service, the overall situation, sense of responsibility, service economy, service to the masses, service grassroots. We need to further improve the ecological environment, human environment, security environment, improve culture, education, health, business support functions and service levels, so that the people living in the city, including investors in Yangzhou investment and development can live a more fulfilling, more solid, more substantial.

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