Turkish Music Culture

Turkey's territory straddles Europe and Asia, and its ancestors came from Central Asia, and were influenced by Persian, Greek, and Arab cultures in the continuous struggle between the East and the West, and the rise of Islam in the 9th century, and the Turkish music culture and Arab music culture were more and more intertwined, and the Turkish music culture became an important part of the Pan-Arabic culture. In the 13th century, the Ottoman Empire (Ottomans Empire )1290-1924) rose, the influence of Turkish music and culture, not only became the mainstream of the Arab, but also affected the development of European music, the Western classical masters from Beethoven, Mozart, are inspired by Turkish music.

The French orchestra in 1543 was allowed to perform at the court, until 1797, Western Europe's opera, invited to Turkey to perform, Western European music and music concepts, began to exchange and develop in Turkey, until the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century the collapse of the Ottoman empire, the Turkish aspirants, the importance of the Turkish traditional music and culture, so the introduction of the Western music education system, so that Turkish music, get better maintenance. This has led to the introduction of the Western music education system, which has enabled Turkish music to be better preserved and passed on to the next generation.

Turkey's traditional music can be broadly divided into the following three kinds

A Classical Music

Classical music is based on the structure of Arabian and Persian music, and the melodic and rhythmic structure is also taken directly from Persia and Arabia, which is collectively known as Maqam and the Greek Nomos and Indian Raga, which means melodic scale rhythmic form. There are more than 600 types of Maqam in Arabia, and 200 types are still alive; in fact, there are only a few types of Maqam in common use.

The musician sometimes chooses only one type of mukham in a song, sometimes combines several types, and sometimes changes the key by himself.

The Turkish rhythmic concept is also derived from the Arabian Iqa, which is similar to the Western Rhythm Cycle, but unlike in the West, the Turkish Iqa is not only an accompaniment, but also a conductor in the West, who leads the development of the music and the melodic changes. What is different between ekal and the West is that the rhythm of ekal is not static, it can be long, short, long or long, short, long and other different combinations, ekal can be composed of more than 100 kinds of ekal and mukamu are independent of each other, so the music of Turkey and the Western music habits, is completely different. This melodic and rhythmic relationship and the Indian Raga (Raga) and Tala (Tala) is very similar.

The style of music

Early music was mainly sung, and the singing of classical songs was called Sarki (Sarki), and the singing of folk songs was called Tuyku (Tuyku), and the lyrics of both were most commonly found in literary poetry. As for the late instrumentation can be divided into various forms; one of the more special kind of Taksim (Taksim), is from the melodic shape of the muqamu to do improvisation; like Indian classical music Alap (Alap), is the performer in the main theme has not yet appeared often, improvised prelude concept is very close to the concept of self-creation.

Other styles of singing are also distinguished as Kar, Murabba, Beste, Agir semai, Pesrev, Saz Semai, Sarki, Gazel, Ilahi, Kaside, and so forth.

B Religious Music

The Islamic mainstream has never recognized Muslim music, and even the Sufi chanting of Qawwali is still not recognized as music in the eyes of the mainstream, but only as chanting the Koran.

In fact, Sufis use Sufi music to achieve a trance-like state of being in the presence of Allah through the whirling dervish dance. Through this whirling dance and other rituals, Sufis can see Allah before they are born, which is unrecognizable from the mainstream view that they can only be with Allah in the heavenly realm. Therefore, Sufi is also known as the secret religion of Islam. Nowadays, Sufi is protected and welcomed in Turkey, and Sufi music is the most important religious music in Turkish music.

Other religious music includes the Azan Koran (Sunnites) music of the mosque services, the Qawwali hymns (also popular in Pakistan), and the liturgical orchestra of the daily worship service, which is also known as military music because it is performed by the army orchestra, and the Turkish word Naubah, which is still the representative of the military might of the Ottoman Empire.

C Turkey's local music

Because of today's Turkey, the ancient name of Anatolia, the Turks came to Anatolia has a history of 600 years, this place is a Central Asian nomadic stronghold of the Turkish folk music and other ethnic minorities and a very rich and diverse music, music, song and dance, each with its own special characteristics, the distribution of the region is quite wide, this article only on its characteristics are divided into and the following:< /p>

1.

1. folk poetry and classical poetry is different from the oral folk song style

2. minstrels and poets professional singers with plucked-stringed instruments to travel around singing

3. wedding and funeral song is a Turkish folk song with the context of the performance for a particular object

4. Belly Dance (Bally Dance) is popular in the Istanbul region and the Near East Egyptian belly, twisting the waist of the Turkish folk dance

4. Dance music Halay (Anatolian folk dance / Zaybek (Anatolian and Aegean folk dance) and the Balkan Peninsula Karsilama (Karsilama) and South Anatolian Kasik Oyunu (Kasik Oyunu) dancers play musical instruments - Casuc (Casuc) while dancing, etc.

6. 6. Istanbul Turkusu This song is a representative of Turkey, respectively, classical, folk songs, pop style and other types of widespread

Turkish musical instruments

Turkish musical instruments are very rich in a variety of subdivided into nearly a hundred kinds of instruments, briefly described as follows

Stringed musical instruments

1. UT is similar to the western lute, the Chinese lute; * * 11 strings/6 pegs/pipa; * * 11 strings/ 6 pegs/ 6 pegs/ 6 pegs. **11 strings/6 pegs/no frets.

2. Tanbur (same as Indian Tanbur, 43 frets/6 strings/3 pegs ***woo strings.

3. Lavta (Lavta) 4 pegs/8 strings similar to Tanbur.

4. Yayli Tanbur is a bowed Tanbur.

5. The Kemenche is a lute-like instrument played with a bow and is 50 centimeters long.

6. The Turkish violin (Sine Keman) has the same shape as in the West, but is tuned to Turkish tunes.

7. The Saz (Saz) is a very popular stringed instrument in Turkey with movable frets, 7/9 strings, and different sizes: large, medium, small, etc.

8.

8. Baglama (Baglama) 3-stringed instrument.

9. The Divan is similar to the Baglama.

Aerial Instruments

1. Zurna Bamboo flute with reeds, this flute is commonly used in festivals.

2. The Tulum is a reed woodwind instrument with a bag.

3. The flute Kaval is a shepherd's flute.

4. Piccolo A type of Duduk piccolo.

5. Ney Ney with reeds, representative of Turkey.

Membrane instruments

1. Deblek The Deblek is a representative of the Arabian tambourine, which is in the shape of a goblet, ceramic or metal, with a fish skin or chemical skin.

2. Deff drum Deff round tambourine, 25 centimeters in diameter, some attached to the iron piece also known as the tambourine, drum skin has animal skin or chemical skin.

3. Davul Magic Single Root Double Sided Drum Davul double sided large shaped drumstick drums, marching band drums.

4. Body oomph instrument

5. Kasik Kasik spoon-shaped percussion boards, male and female dancers hold one each and hit each other.

6. Other instruments are cymbals, iron plates, bamboo plates, bells, etc.

7.

Turkish music has also been influenced by the eastward movement of the west, and Turks, who love music, have been catching up with the world's popularity since 1960 by releasing popular songs with a Turkish flavor, which are very popular in the west.

Turkish music has been passed down from generation to generation!