How to treat tuberculosis?

Anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy plays a decisive role in the control of tuberculosis, and reasonable chemotherapy can sterilize and heal all the lesions. Traditional rest and nutrition play an auxiliary role.

Treatment principle: For active pulmonary tuberculosis, we must adhere to the principle of early, combined, regular, adequate and full-course medication.

Commonly used anti-tuberculosis drugs

Isoniazid (h, INH)

、

rifampin

、

streptomycin

、

Pyrazinamide (z, PZA),

Ethambutol (EMB)

、

P-aminosalicylic acid (p, PAS),

Kanamycin (k, KM),

Thiourea (t, TB 1),

Hexamycin

、

Purple mycin (VM),

Ethamethasine (13 14) and isoniazid (132 14),

Rifampicin (RFD),

Rifapentine (DL, 473) and ampicillin (LM, 427).

Short-term chemotherapy

The combination of INH and RFP with two or more fungicides has strong sterilization and disinfection effect, and the course of treatment is 6-9 months. INH, RFP, PZA and SM are the main drugs for short-term chemotherapy.

Symptomatic treatment

Physical cooling can be used in high fever; Cough and phlegm; A small amount of hemoptysis, such as blood in sputum, does not need special treatment. When necessary, a small amount of sedatives and cough suppressants can be used. However, antitussive drugs should be used with caution for the elderly, infirm and pulmonary insufficiency, so as not to inhibit cough reflex and respiratory center, so that blood clots cannot be coughed up and suffocation occurs. ; Irregular mild chest pain does not require treatment. Analgesics can be used appropriately when chest pain is obvious.

Surgical therapy

It has been used less. Surgical indications are: the thick-walled cavity has not been closed for a long time after chemotherapy, and bacteria are still excreted; It is difficult to distinguish tuberculoma with a diameter of more than 3 cm from lung cancer. Long-term discharge of bacteria or secondary bronchiectasis hemoptysis; Tuberculous empyema and/or bronchopleural fistula were ineffective after medical treatment, accompanied by ipsilateral active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Surgical contraindications are: active tuberculosis of bronchial mucosa, which is not within the scope of resection; General condition is poor or heart, lung, liver and kidney function are obviously impaired; The contralateral lung lesion is unstable.