How to Grow Traditional Cotton in Jiangsu Province

1. illumination: cotton is suitable for growth under sufficient illumination, and its compensation point and light saturation point are high. T

How to Grow Traditional Cotton in Jiangsu Province

1. illumination: cotton is suitable for growth under sufficient illumination, and its compensation point and light saturation point are high. The suitable light intensity range of cotton leaves is generally 8000-70000lx. 2. Moisture: Water is one of the important components in cotton, and the demand for water at different growth stages is different. 3. Soil: The physical, chemical and biological properties of soil in cotton fields greatly restrict the yield and quality of cotton. 4. Heat: the average cotton needs 1-3 weeks from sowing to emergence, and the active accumulated temperature needs 160-320℃. When the temperature is kept above 20℃, cotton can emerge within one week.

First, the growth environment and conditions of cotton

1, lighting

Cotton is a photophobic crop, which has a great demand for light, and is suitable for growing under the condition of sufficient light, with high compensation point and light saturation point. Generally speaking, the suitable light intensity range of cotton leaves is 8000-70000lx, in which the photosynthetic intensity increases with the increase of light intensity. If the light is insufficient, it will not only reduce the yield and quality of cotton, but also have a great impact on the follow-up work. In the actual process, the light should be controlled reasonably according to the growth stage of cotton to increase the photosynthetic substances in the plant.

Step 2: Moisture

Water is one of the important components in cotton, and cotton's demand for water will change with the change of growth stage. The demand characteristics of each growth period are as follows: from sowing to emergence, the water content of 0-20cm soil layer accounts for 70-80% of the field water capacity; The water content of 0-40cm soil layer at seedling stage should account for 60%-70% of field water capacity; At the initial stage of germination, the water content of 0-60cm soil layer should account for 65-75% of the field water capacity; After the budding stage, the water content of 0-80cm soil layer should account for 70-80% of the field water capacity and should not be lower than 60-65%; It is advisable to keep the relative water content of soil at 55-70% during the boll opening period.

3. Land

Although cotton has no strict requirements on soil, the yield and quality of cotton are largely restricted by the physical, chemical and biological properties of cotton field soil, because water and nutrients needed for cotton growth and development need to be obtained from soil, and some air needs to be obtained from soil. When choosing soil for planting, we should comprehensively consider factors such as water, nutrients, temperature, air, salt and Ph value.

4. heat

Heat will also have a great impact on the growth of cotton, especially in the early and late stages of cotton growth, which is most sensitive to the change of heat. It generally takes 1-3 weeks from sowing to emergence of cotton, and the active accumulated temperature is 160-320℃. When the temperature is kept above 20℃, seedlings can emerge in one week. If the temperature is unstable after sowing, although the average temperature is 15- 17℃, it may take about 3 weeks to sprout. The lower the daily average temperature, the more accumulated temperature is needed from sowing to emergence. Late high temperature not only affects cotton yield, but also does great harm to cotton quality.

Second, cotton planting methods

1, seed selection treatment

Selecting cotton seeds with early maturity, strong disease resistance and high yield can be adapted to local conditions according to soil fertility and self-management level. After selecting cotton seeds, the cotton seeds can be dried on a drying table or a dry hard ground for 3-5 days, which can effectively improve the seed germination rate. Seed soaking and chemical dressing can also be carried out when necessary.

2. Soil preparation and fertilization

Choose soil with fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage to plant cotton, and don't choose sandy soil and barren land. Requirements for soil preparation in cotton field: first, the surface is flat and there are no furrows and ridges; Second, the topsoil is subdivided without large blocks; Third, the ground is clean and free of sundries; Fourth, it is good to sow under false conditions. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizers, such as farm manure, compound fertilizer and cake fertilizer.

3, timely soil moisture.

Sowing with sufficient soil moisture is one of the important measures to ensure the whole seedling of cotton. Generally, soil moisture should be cultivated about 15 days before cotton sowing. After the cultivation of soil moisture, it is necessary to rake and cover in time to ensure sufficient soil moisture and good soil moisture. If there is no watering condition, plastic film mulching should be adopted.

4. Sowing techniques

Generally, it is appropriate to sow cotton when the ground temperature of 5cm stably passes through 16℃, and the sowing depth is 3-4cm. After sowing, cover the soil in time and suppress it appropriately. In general cotton fields with a yield of 250-300 kg per mu, it is suggested that the planting density per mu should be around 3200 plants; It is suggested that the planting density of high-yield cotton fields with a yield of 300-350 kg per mu should be about 3000 plants per mu; Small row spacing is 50-55cm, and large row spacing is 100- 120cm, which needs to be mastered flexibly according to the density.

5. Tian Tuan management

(1) spacing and seedling fixing: when the plant has 1 true leaves and 3 true leaves, the seedlings should be fixed in time.

(2) Intertillage weeding: Intertillage time should be determined according to soil conditions, climate and other factors. Generally, intertillage should be done in time after rain to break the hardening, dissipate water and raise the temperature. The depth of intertillage should not exceed 5 cm. The frequency of intertillage should depend on soil moisture retention, weeding, drought and ground temperature.

(3) Reasonable watering: When watering, it is necessary to master the principle of watering in drought, mainly with small amount of water. If the amount of water is too large, it will easily lead to the phenomenon of falling flowers and buds. After transplantation, irrigate the planting water thoroughly. Should we insist on irrigation during the growing period? Look at the sky, the ground and cotton? The principle of.

(4) Scientific pruning: reasonable pruning according to different planting densities. Usually, the density of conventional cotton is about 3000 plants. If there are fruit branches and leaf branches, you can remove the leaf branches, but you need to keep the big leaves at the lower part of the main stem, and you can leave 1-2 leaf branches where there are missing seedlings and broken ridges. A cotton field with a density of 2500-2800 plants generally needs 1-3 leaves.

(5) Timely uncovering: The uncovering time should be at the early flowering stage of cotton. The combination of film uncovering, intertillage and soil cultivation is not only beneficial to root development, but also plays the role of controlling top, bottom, bud and flower, and can effectively prevent lodging and premature aging.

(6) Pest control: Cotton mainly includes anthracnose, cotton bollworm, cotton aphid, thrips, whitefly, cotton spider mite and other pests, so different methods should be adopted for control.