Main characteristics of JIT procurement

Even single-source supply single-source supply refers to purchasing a certain raw material or purchased parts from only one supplier; In other words, the demand for a certain raw material or purchased parts is only supplied by one supplier. JIT procurement believes that the ideal number of suppliers is: for each kind of raw materials or purchased parts, there is only one supplier. Therefore, single source supply is one of the basic characteristics of JIT procurement. The traditional procurement mode is generally multi-head procurement, and the number of suppliers is relatively large. Theoretically speaking, single-source supply is better than multi-source supply. On the one hand, it is more convenient to manage suppliers, which can enable suppliers to obtain internal scale benefits and long-term orders, thus reducing the prices of purchased raw materials and purchased parts, which is conducive to reducing procurement costs; On the other hand, single-source supply can make manufacturers become very important customers of suppliers, thus strengthening the interdependence between manufacturers and suppliers, helping to establish a long-term and stable cooperative relationship between supply and demand, and ensuring quality easily. However, there are risks in using single-source supply, for example, suppliers may interrupt delivery for unexpected reasons. In addition, the adoption of single-source supply will make enterprises unable to obtain competitive purchase prices and will rely too much on suppliers.

In Japan, although 98% of JIT enterprises use a single source for supply, in fact, some enterprises often use the same raw materials or outsourced parts to be supplied by two suppliers, one of which is the main supplier and the other is the auxiliary supplier. From the practical point of view, many enterprises are not willing to become a single supplier. There is a simple reason. On the one hand, suppliers are independent commercial competitors and are unwilling to disclose their cost data to users. On the other hand, suppliers don't want to be the product inventory points of users. To implement JIT procurement, it is necessary to reduce inventory, but the inventory cost was originally on the user's side, and now it is transferred to the supplier. Therefore, users must be aware of this concern of suppliers. Ensure that JIT procurement is implemented in a planned and step-by-step manner.

Enterprises should formulate targeted procurement strategies and specific measures to improve the current traditional procurement by stages, including reducing the number of suppliers, supplier evaluation and issuing visas to suppliers. In this process, enterprises should reach an agreement with suppliers on the objectives and related measures of JIT procurement, and maintain regular information communication. Enterprises can start with a product, a production line or some specific raw materials to carry out JIT procurement pilot work. In the pilot process, it is very important to obtain the support of all departments of the enterprise, especially the production department. Summarize the experience through the pilot to lay the foundation for the formal JIT procurement implementation. Take Wuhan Shenlong Automobile Co., Ltd., which implemented JIT procurement earlier in China, for example. At the beginning of 1998, relevant departments of Shenlong Company decided to implement JIT procurement for some outsourced parts and supply direct shipment kanban. The first outsourced part selected as the JIT procurement pilot is the car seat. The seat was chosen because the seat supplier Yunhe Seat Factory is close to Shenlong Company, with stable product quality and good service. Through negotiation, the two sides started the direct shipment kanban supply operation of JIT procurement. The full set of seats of Shenlong Fukang car is worth 465,438+000 yuan, which is stored in special durable containers, and each container contains two sets of seats. The supplier Yunhe Seat Factory is about 1 km away from the assembly workshop of Shenlong Company, and the transportation means is 3t Dongfeng light truck, each vehicle carries 9 containers.

The assembly workshop of Shenlong Company implements five-day two-shift production, with a daily output of 2 14 vehicles. Yunhe Seat Factory implements five-day single-shift production, but the delivery and transportation time of the warehouse is synchronized with that of Shenlong Assembly Workshop. The specific methods are as follows: First, Shenlong Company describes and designs the technological process of seat direct delivery kanban, and determines the working hours parameters by combining the working hours analysis. Through kanban calculation, the important control points and operation points are determined, and the resource requirements such as personnel, equipment, goods, area and environmental support required for kanban samples and kanban operations are put forward to ensure the orderly operation of the whole process. Through the implementation of JIT procurement of seats, the average inventory level of seats decreased by 90% year-on-year, reducing the occupation of inventory funds. On this basis, Shenlong Company began to gradually expand the scope of JIT procurement materials, and achieved obvious economic benefits.

Do a good job in supplier training and determine the same goal.

JIT procurement is a commercial activity of suppliers and suppliers. It is not enough to rely solely on the efforts of the purchasing department, but also the cooperation of suppliers. Suppliers can only get their support and cooperation if they know and understand the JIT purchasing strategy and operation method. Therefore, it is necessary to educate and train suppliers. Through training, everyone can achieve the same goal, coordinate well with each other and do a good job of purchasing on time. JIT procurement is a process of continuous improvement, which needs to sum up experiences and lessons in the process of implementation, and make improvements in many aspects, such as reducing transportation costs, providing delivery accuracy, improving product quality and reducing supply inventory, so as to continuously improve the operational performance of JIT procurement. The implementation of JIT procurement has very good benefits and simple operation, but it has high requirements for enterprise management and information construction, so many domestic enterprises have not adopted it. However, as an advanced procurement mode, JIT procurement mode is understood and valued by more and more domestic enterprises because it can bring remarkable economic benefits to enterprises, and its popularization and application is the inevitable need and general trend of domestic enterprises. In order to implement JIT procurement, domestic enterprises should take precautions, understand and explore the principles and methods of JIT procurement as soon as possible, start from basic work, gradually create conditions, achieve the effect of strategic planning, get twice the result with half the effort once, create economic benefits for enterprises as soon as possible and improve their competitiveness.