When was Zhang Heng from the Eastern Han Dynasty?

Zhang Heng (AD 78- 139), a native of Xi 'e, Nanyang (now Shiqiaoxia Village, Nanyang City, Henan Province), once held the posts of Shangshu and Hejian. He is "intelligent, sensitive and eager to learn, like the death of Sichuan, sleepless." Morality is overflowing, articles are floating clouds, mathematics is poor in the world, production is natural, skills are extraordinary, and aboveboard. "He" is not disrespectful, and he is disrespectful of virtue; ""I'm not ashamed of Lu's incompetence, but of my ignorance. "He was a great scientist, writer, inventor and politician in the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, and set up a towering monument in the history of world science and culture.

In seismology, he invented the "seismograph", which is the first measuring instrument in the world.

Seismic and azimuth instruments are earlier than those in Europe 1700 years. In astronomy, he invented the "armillary sphere", which is the world's first large-scale astronomical instrument driven by water to observe stars. He wrote books such as Notes on the Huntianyi Instrument and Lingxian, drew a complete star chart, and put forward the scientific conclusion that "moonlight is born in the sun". In geography, he drew a complete topographic map and developed "back-bulging cart" and "pulling cart". In mathematics, he wrote The Theory of Calculation, and calculated the values of pi between 3. 1466 and 3. 1622. It is amazing that such an accurate calculation can be made over 1800 years ago. In meteorology, he created "Hou Fengyi", which is an instrument for forecasting wind force and direction, more than 65,438+0,000 years earlier than the western weather vane. In mechanics, his "single wood carving" is the earliest aircraft in the world, as well as plans (solar shadow devices) and activity calendars. In literature, he is a brilliant star in the history of China literature. The representative works "Tokyo Fu" and "Xijing Fu" are collectively called "Erjing Fu", which describes the prosperous scenes of Chang 'an and Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty and satirizes the dissolute and shameless parasitic life of bureaucrats and nobles. Du Nan Fu vividly depicts the social outlook, natural scenery and folk customs of Nanyang County at that time. In addition, there are more than 30 articles such as Return to Tianfu, Four Fu Xuan and Four Xi History. In art, he ranks first among the six famous painters in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Zhang Heng's great contribution to science and technology, literature and art is not only the glory and pride of the Chinese nation, but also the precious wealth left to the whole human history. Zhang Heng deserves to be a dazzling science and literature twin in the world. 1956 10 inscription by Mr. Guo Moruo: "Such an all-round development figure is also rare in world history." 1990 In May, Mr. Yan Jici also wrote an inscription for Zhang Heng's Tomb: "Exquisite instruments reveal the world, and scientific sages write the future."

Zhang Heng was listed as a world cultural celebrity in 1950s. 1953 and 1955, China successively issued the portrait of Zhang Heng and the seismograph stamps. 1960, Princeton university translated and published his "two capitals fu". 1970 and 1977, the international astronomical union named a crater on the moon as "Zhang Hengshan" and an asteroid in the solar system with the number 1802 as "Zhang Hengxing". 198 1 year, Shanghai Shipyard named a 16000-ton multi-purpose freighter built by Zhonglang Company as "Zhang Heng", and set sail all over the world with the glory and pride of the Chinese nation.

Zhang Heng's Tomb, a national key cultural relics protection unit, is located in the west of Shiqiao Xiao Shi Qiaocun, Wolong District, Nanyang City. Because Zhang Heng was a Shangshu in his later years, it is also commonly known as the tomb of Shangshu. There are mountains and water, and the scenery is beautiful. A stone's throw north of the tomb is the "Ping Zi Reading Desk". According to legend, it is the place where Zhang Heng studied hard and studied hard when he was a child. The tomb is adjacent to Wan and Luo ancient roads in the east, and faces Hubei Mingsha Temple across the road. On the west side of the tomb is a raw field, and the newly built highway runs through the north and south. Two waters, like ribbons, flow eastward from the tomb, with willows dancing on both sides. If other landscapes are pearls shaped like necklaces, then Zhangheng Cemetery is a crystal jewel. For thousands of years, how many people have been attracted here to look at the remains, explore the past and think about the leisure of ancient things. After paying a visit to Zhang Heng's Tomb, Luo, a famous literary figure in the early Tang Dynasty, wrote the poem "Crossing a Tomb": "Western Hubei should be reasonable and Nanyang should be virtuous." Jade is impetuous and beautiful, and copper is muddy and thoughtful. "Wait a minute. These sincere poems express admiration for Zhang Heng's brilliant talents and remarkable achievements. The original building in Zhang Heng's Tomb is magnificent, and the stone beast is opposite to Weng Zhong, and the temple is magnificent. However, more than a thousand years later, due to wind and rain erosion and war damage, the scenery became increasingly desolate. After the founding of New China, the party and the state rebuilt Zhangheng Cemetery. In recent years, it has been newly built and expanded, and its scale has gradually increased.

Entering the gate of the completed cemetery, the first thing that catches people's eyes is a pair of tall and majestic Han Que, made of brick and covered with double eaves. The upper part of Hanque is decorated with a bucket arch and a phoenix bird. Under the roof at the top, two stubborn people grabbed the roof in one hand and wandered around while playing, embarrassed. There are seven exhibition halls on the east and west sides of Hanque, displaying the utensils invented by Zhang Heng and the text and picture panels introducing Zhang Heng's great contribution in his life. There is a watchtower at the top of the exhibition hall, which is symmetrical from east to west and quite spectacular. Northbound along the road, it is a cross-shaped curved bridge that leads from east to west to monuments and galleries, from grave to grave, and continues along the central axis. The stone statues on both sides are arranged in an orderly way, passing through the altar in the middle and climbing the steps, which is a flat land. Standing here, looking out, Pufeng is far away, Hull River is like a belt, ancient pagodas stand tall, villages and Tian She alternate with each other, and nearby pavilions each hold their own potential, and strange trees and different grasses win glory. Just like a beautiful scroll of colored ink paintings, it makes people feel relaxed and happy, lingering. Through the stone pavilion, there is a granite statue of Zhang Heng, five meters high. The statue looked up, solemn and lifelike. On the marble covering around the base, there are inscriptions and reliefs of "armillary sphere" and "seismograph". Behind the statue is a dark gray stone wall engraved with the full text of Zhang Heng's Ode to Hometown. Bypassing the monument wall, there is a tall tomb with a height of 8 meters and a circumference of 79 meters. The mausoleum is surrounded by Zhou Songbai and has a circular tunnel for tourists to visit. Mr. Guo Moruo's poem tablet stands in front of the tomb, which is surrounded by blue bricks and octagonal flower walls. Inscriptions from Jiajing to Guangxu in Qing Dynasty were erected on both sides of the tomb door, and the stele building was stamped. On the east side of the monument building, the symbol monument of "National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit" is erected, and on the west side, the inscription monument of Mr. Yan Jici is erected.

People in Nanyang, Zhang Heng's hometown, are learning from Zhang Heng, inheriting and carrying forward Zhang Heng's achievements. At the same time, they are warmly welcoming groups of Chinese and foreign tourists who come to visit Zhang Heng's Tomb and Zhangheng Museum.