Write the basic components of China's ancient architecture

The part of the building below the columns or walls, including the underground "buried depth" and the ground exposed "Taeming". "Buried deep" with the three composite soil rammed, about 0.3-2 meters deep. "Taiming" is below the column or wall to the ground level above the part, usually made of brick or stone, the height of the column is generally 1/5 - 1/7. Palace and temple buildings, the foundation is also known as the "Sumeru seat".

2. Column

The main component of the vertical load in the wooden structure, located between the base of the column and the arch or beam. The most common columns are square columns, octagonal columns, small octagonal columns, bobbin columns, carved dragon columns, etc.

3.

3. arch

is in the square bucket with a number of small square bucket and a number of arch arch layer stacked with. The number of arch layer indicates the importance of the building, as one of the criteria for the development of architectural grade. Mainly used for high-level raised beam wooden structure, experienced by the simple to complex, and then by the complex tends to concise development process.

4. Between

The unit of measurement of the width and depth of a house is called a room, also known as "open room". In ancient architecture, the front of a single building is generally known as the face of the width of every four columns within the area is the area of the room. And the spacing between the Shang Dynasty to the remains of the Warring States period, mostly in about 3 meters, and later to the Tang Dynasty development to 5 meters mostly, after the Song Dynasty again expanded to 8 meters, the largest is the Ming Changling Hall of the Ming face between the width of 110.34 meters.

5. beam

This is the main horizontal component of the weight of the roof in ancient architecture. Generally on a layer of beams shorter than the next layer of beams, so that layers stacked to form a roof frame, the lowest layer of beams are often placed on the head of the columns or combined with the arch to form a complete frame.

6. Roofs

There are seven kinds of traditional Chinese roofs.

(1) hipped roof, consisting of one main ridge and four pendant ridges (one says bump ridge)*** five ridges, so it is also called five-ridged hall. Since the roof has four slopes, it is also known as the four-A roof.

(2) hipped roof, hipped roof and hard roof combination. By a ridge, four hanging ridge and four bump ridge and both sides of the upper part of the sloping roof turned into a vertical triangular wall composition, hiatus roof is divided into two kinds of single-eaved and heavy eaves.

(3) hanging roof, composed of a ridge and four ridges, because the roof of this type of building overhanging pick outside the wall, so the name of hanging or picking the top of the mountain.

(4) hard roof, two slopes out of the water five ridges and two slopes, consisting of a ridge and four ridges. Different from the overhanging roof, the biggest feature of the hard roof is that its two sides of the wall to purlins all wrapped up, because of its eaves do not go out of the wall, so the name hard mountain.

(5) save pointed roof, the roof is conical, there is no ridge, the top is concentrated in a point, that is, the top of the roof, the roof is often used in pavilions, pavilions, pavilions and towers and other buildings.

(6) the rolled roof, two slopes out of the water, characterized by the front and back of the two slopes at the junction of the front and back of the ridge is not clearly exposed, but into the curved surface of the arc.

(7) Box roof, the top has four positive ridges surrounded by a flat roof, and a ring of outer eaves is added around the perimeter, which is shaped like a rectangular pool. The above roofs have the highest rank of heavy-eaved hipped roof and heavy-eaved hipped roof, followed by single-eaved hipped roof and single-eaved hipped roof.

7. Mountain wall

The upper part of the two sides of the house into a mountain tip-shaped wall, building five ends of the enclosure wall. Characterized by the two sides to be higher than the roof, with the roof slope surface and stepped, common and wind volcano wall.

8. color painting

is the use of traditional Chinese pigments and thick and colorful, in the beams, columns, square, bucket, arch, algal wells and other parts of the depiction of a variety of patterns, one of China's folk paintings. Before the Yuan Dynasty is in the wooden components on the primer directly painting. Ming began to use a thinner putty ground battle. Painting techniques in the Tang and the Five Dynasties have been stacked halo.

9. Algae well

This is an ancient Chinese architecture on the ceiling of a decorative, high-level interior ceiling decoration art form name. Generally in palaces, temples, Buddha Hall and other important buildings above the center of the indoor position, the structure of the endless changes, the layers rise, shaped like a well. In the han dynasty buildings appeared in the algal well, the ming and qing dynasties algal wells have wood carving, sea manicure, stone carving, in the color painting decoration more green and cold colors, and large areas of the paste decorated with mixed gold, give people a brilliant feeling. Existing objects in kind to the Imperial Palace in the Hall of Taihe carving dragons Hunjin the most magnificent, known as the "gold lacquer dragon hanging beads algal well".