Billiards knowledge

Billiards is billiards, which is very popular all over the world. There are different classification methods from different angles, which can be classified from countries, the number of billiards and the hitting skills of billiards. billiards

english billiards

English billiards include English proportional billiards and snooker billiards. Mainly popular in Britain and continental Europe. English proportional billiards, also known as three-ball billiards, is a basic type of billiards and one of the official billiards competitions in the world. English proportional billiards appeared earlier and needed more comprehensive technical play. At present, many famous snooker players in the world have quite solid basic skills in proportional billiards. Snooker, another kind of English billiards, is one of the popular mainstream billiards in the world. English "snooker" means obstacle, so it is named after the transliteration of English "snooker". Snooker can not only score points by hitting the ball into the bag, but also consciously hit the obstacle ball to prevent the opponent from displaying his skills, thus making the opponent blocked and punished. Therefore, snooker is highly competitive and interesting, and it is also an item of the world billiards competition. billiards

American billiards

American billiards, also known as American billiards, is an important school of billiards and a new style formed after French billiards and English billiards. It keeps pace with English billiards and French billiards and is very popular in the Western Hemisphere and East Asia. However, compared with French billiards and English billiards, American billiards are still not as well known as them. Some people think that American billiards is just a game for the "lower Liba people" in bars and streets. However, this is a recommendation for the popularization of American billiards. American billiards such as 8-ball billiards also have a broad mass base in China. American billiards include 8-ball billiards, 9-ball billiards, Chicago billiards, Poole billiards and bowling billiards.

China snooker billiards

Chinese snooker billiards, also known as ten-hole billiards, originated in China. The main difference from other billiards is that four goal bags and frames are added in the middle of the table, which is convenient for scoring and forming snooker. At the same time, it also has a more wonderful dribbling route, which fully and actively reflects the superb skills of continuous attack, clever defense and difficult ball solving among players; Expand billiards technology and artistry. China snooker is more entertaining, challenging and intelligent, and has the theory of chess ball, by improving the rules through structural changes, which reflects the importance of the overall situation and the arrangement of troops.

French billiards

French billiards originated in France, also known as Caron billiards, which means hitting two balls in a row, that is, touching two balls with the main ball in a row, which is the most basic requirement of French billiards. The main difference between English billiards and American billiards tables is that there is no net bag. There are many kinds of Caron billiards competitions, the most important of which is Trilateral Caron billiards.

Kailun billiards

Karen billiards originated in France, but it is very popular in Japan. It is called "Japanese Impact Billiards" and is one of the international competitions. Karen's table for billiards has no pockets. This is a billiards game with a cue to score points. This billiard game is rarely seen in some billiard halls in China. Karen billiards can be divided into four styles: star opening, three-star opening, four-ball opening, straight opening, table opening and so on, but the most popular one is four-ball opening. The "four-ball start" has four balls, two red balls and two white balls, and the two white balls are the main balls of both sides in the game. The old rule scoring method is: the main ball hits two or more balls before it can have the right to hit the ball. The home ball scored 2 points when it hit a red ball and a white ball; Play "double red" on the home ball and get 3 points; The home ball is "double red", and a white ball gets 5 points. This binary system, three-point system and five-point system were commonly used in the past. However, the new rules all adopt the scoring system of 1. As long as you touch two of the three target balls, you can get 1, which eliminates the scoring gap caused by ball configuration and is relatively simple to calculate. The result of the game depends on who gets the agreed score first. Therefore, when we get the right to hit the ball, we must try our best to get more points. Because the ball used in the "four-ball opening" is slightly heavier, the club is thicker than other types of clubs. At the beginning of the "four-ball tee-off", there are two red balls between two white balls, and the four balls are in the same straight line. The ball is placed on the table, and each side hits an empty pole to the end, which determines the batting order. Players with the ball near the bottom get the option; You can also draw lots to decide the options. On the kick-off side, the white ball with black spots is the main ball, and on the other side, the all-white ball is the main ball. According to the rules, the opponent's main ball can be his own target ball. According to the rules, the first tee shot must first hit the opponent's white ball, otherwise it will be judged as a mistake and the right to hit the ball will be exchanged. Because the initial swing ball is that there are two red balls between the main ball and the white ball, and the four balls are in a straight line. So the kickoff side usually hits the table, hits two balls (that is, hits two tables), lets the main ball hit the table, and then hits two balls. In the "four-ball opening" style of play, the role of the table edge is very great. If you can't hit the ball in a straight line, you should try to hit it once, twice, three times or even many times to achieve the goal of playing double balls. There are many similarities between hitting skills and three-sided Karom billiards.

Billiards first spread to Asia in India and Thailand, and then to Japan. 19th century was introduced to China in the late Qing dynasty. Before liberation, there were only embassies, concessions and small-scale billiard halls privately operated in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Harbin and Fanyang, with only a few tables.

After the liberation of the Billiards Competition (12), there were two small factories in Shanghai, Cai and Xinxin, which produced tables. However, according to the economic living conditions of the people at that time, it was too early to participate in billiards activities. So, it only took a few years to end. Nowadays, with the rapid development of economic construction, billiards, like other sports, has been popularized. Many stadiums, clubs, entertainment centers, hotels and restaurants in large and medium-sized cities have billiards halls and rooms. Many large, medium and small towns, streets and alleys, are full of billiards stalls. From 65438 to 0986, China Billiards Association was established in China, and local billiards associations were also established in various provinces and cities. 1960, the first national billiards competition was held. 1985, the second national billiards invitational tournament was held in Tiandang and Shanghai successively. 1986165438+10, the second national billiards invitational tournament was held. Especially1From March 5th to 8th, 987, the Jianpai Cup China International Billiards Competition held in Beijing was a world-class billiards competition, in which eight world billiard masters from the United States and eight players from China participated. The top eight countries in the world are Steve Davies, third dennis taylor, fifth jimmy white, seventh William Thorne, eighth terry griffiths, tenth Tony Meo, thirteenth Neil foulds and sixteenth Rex Williams. Their wonderful performance feasted our audience, and finally Willie Fuld beat jimmy white 5-2 to win the championship. Although eight players in China were eliminated in the first round, Zhang won a game. Through this TV broadcast, about 1 100 million viewers in China enjoyed this high-level broadcast, which triggered a billiard craze in China. 65438-0994 was the first time to jointly establish a professional billiards class with Beijing Sishi Zhongxingwei Sporting Goods Co., Ltd., which was favored by candidates, parents and society, and was supported by Taiwan Province Asia and World Federation. In order to carry out the policy of "China billiards goes to the world and faces the future" and cultivate new billiards players, referees and management talents with cultural theory and high technical level, the first "Beijing billiards sports school" in China was formally established on the basis of 1995 billiards professional class. 1996, Xingwei Sporting Goods Co., Ltd. and Beijing Sport University jointly established the billiards project of the Department of Physical Education, which created conditions for cultivating advanced billiards professionals in China.

Edit this English proportional billiards

Three-bag billiards-introduction to the knowledge of proportional billiards in Britain: The side that kicks off first should take the white ball with dots as the main ball, and the other side should take the all-white ball as the main ball. When kicking off, there is only one red ball on the table, and the kickoff party can put his cue ball at any point in the kickoff area. After the cue ball falls into the bag, it needs to be put back in the tee area to tee off. The scoring method is 3 points for playing red ball, 2 points for playing white ball, 2 points for sending red bag, 2 points for sending white bag and 2 points for touching double ball. If one side scores, it can get the right to hit the next shot until it is closed and the other side hits the ball. Off-pole refers to the situation that the main ball is hit without scoring. After the white ball is put into the bag, take it out of the net bag immediately and put it on the base of the red ball before playing. After sending the red ball into the bag, you can also take it out and hold it in your hand until you get the right to hit the ball. According to the regulations, after hitting 25 single balls in a row (including free fall, red throw and free throw), you must hit a double ball. If there is no double ball to hit, you will lose the right to hit the ball. In addition, if the ball is sent to the net bag three times in a row from the red ball base point, the red ball should be moved to the red ball retention point, and if the red ball retention point has been occupied by the white ball, the red ball should be moved to the white ball retention point. According to the rules, 1 point, 2 points, and 3 points are deducted when the ball misses, hits the table, and directly falls into the bag. However, the penalty points are not added to the opponent. Besides proportional billiards, English billiards also includes snooker billiards. This column gives a detailed introduction to snooker. In the next issue, this column will introduce 8-ball billiards in American billiards.

Editing this paragraph of snooker billiards

Snooker, also known as English billiards and snooker, is a kind of billiards. The ball used in this sport is about 3569 mm long and about 1778 mm wide. There are holes in the center of the four corners and two long sides of the table. The balls used are divided into 1 white ball, 15 red ball and 6-color ball (yellow, green, brown, blue, pink and black) * * 22 balls. The order of hitting the ball is a red ball and a colored ball, until all the red balls fall into the bag, and then hit the ball one by one in the order of yellow, green, brown, blue, pink and black, and finally the one with the highest score wins. Snooker is very popular in Britain, Ireland, Canada, Australia, India and other Commonwealth countries, as well as China and Hongkong. In recent ten years, snooker has been popularized in East Asia. At present, excellent players have emerged in Thailand and Chinese mainland.

Edit this snooker history

Although the history of billiards can be traced back to15th century, snooker was invented relatively late. Regarding the origin of snooker, a credible statement is that billiards became popular among British troops stationed in India in the late19th century, when the popular game was Blackpool. 1 white ball, 15 red ball and 1 black ball are used in this game. /kloc-one day in 0/875, neville chamberlain, a British army colonel stationed in Dzubur, and his comrades-in-arms thought the game was too simple and boring, so they decided to add three colors of balls: yellow, green and pink. Soon, it was not enough, and brown balls and blue balls were added. This new game quickly became popular, which led to the birth of snooker billiards. Snooker was a popular name for freshmen in the British military academy at that time. This makes snooker used by these soldiers to call beginners of this new game and eventually become the name of the sport. 1885, when John Roberts, the then British billiards champion, was in india tourism, he met Chamberlain and learned about the new game of snooker from him. After returning home, Robert brought snooker back to England. However, at that time, it was in the craze of English billiards, and snooker billiards did not attract enough attention. It was not until the 1930 s that English billiards gradually declined, and many famous players gradually turned to snooker billiards. This includes joe davis, a legendary snooker player. Davis realized the importance of controlling the cue ball for the first time. Prior to this, the common strategy of playing snooker was to defend snooker after bagging the obviously scored ball. Joe davis, on the other hand, controlled the movement of the cue ball with good consciousness and superb hitting, and his ability of continuous scoring was obviously enhanced, which greatly improved the level of snooker. From then on, snooker billiards began to flourish in Britain and spread all over the world. The snooker championship started at 19 16, and the first British amateur snooker championship was held in this year. 1927, with the efforts of joe davis and others, the first World Professional Championship of Snooker was successfully held in London, and joe davis won the championship himself, winning a prize of 6. 10 (about 200 pounds today). Joe davis is by far the best snooker player in the world, and won the title of the next world professional championship for him until he faded out of the world championship in 1946. Snooker billiards suffered a low tide in 1950' s, even so serious that there was no match between 1958 and 1963. It was not until 1969 that the situation changed for the better. At that time, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) introduced a new snooker tournament, Pot Black, to promote new color TV broadcasting. The colorful snooker billiards and the wonderful performances of the players quickly aroused the interest of the audience, and snooker billiards and color TV programs were quickly promoted. A few years later, the World Professional Championships also began to be televised. Snooker billiards began to become the mainstream professional sport, and was introduced into the world professional player rankings on 1977. A large amount of money began to pour into the sport, and a new generation of professional snooker players, represented by Steve Davis OBE, emerged constantly. 1982, Steve Davis OBE got a perfect score of 147 in the first TV broadcast in history. These top players became millionaires. At that time, there was even a song by Chas &; Dave's funny song "Snooker Billiards" hit the music charts. The climax of the golden age of snooker appeared in the final of the World Championships in 1985. Although the two players fought until the early hours of the morning, nearly1850,000 spectators watched dennis taylor hold the trophy to celebrate after delivering the last ball to the pocket with a heavy blow. Snooker continues to be popular in Britain, becoming the sport with the second largest TV audience after football.

Edit the main equipment of snooker in this paragraph.

shell powder

Chalk, also known as smart powder, is applied to the club head to enhance the friction between the cue and cue ball. Talcum powder is usually pressed into cubic talcum powder blocks.

club

(cue) a wooden tool used to hit the cue ball.

Extended handle

A short stick at the end of a club, used to increase the length of the club and help the player hit the cue ball when it is far away from the player.

Hacker lever

(Rest) a wooden pole with a copper X-shaped head to support a bat. When the arm of the player who doesn't hold the ball is not long enough, the club can be leaned against the rack to hit the main ball stably.

tripod

A spider is like a pole, but its head is arched, and its head is bigger, so it can swing and hit the ball on top of another ball.

Holder

(Swan) A device with an angular or semi-circular catch for determining the exact position of the ball. With its help, the ball can be wiped clean in the middle of the game and put back in its original position accurately.

Triangular frame

(triangle or shelf) a triangular frame used to arrange all the red balls into a standard regular triangle before the start of the game.

Edit this snooker rule

The inner edge of the snooker table is 350 cm long, 175 cm wide and 85 cm high. There are 22 balls for snooker, including red ball 15, colored ball 6 and white ball 1 (main ball). Arranged as shown on the right, numbers represent colored balls and their scores. The score of the red balls is 1, arranged in a triangle and placed between 6 and 7. The colors and scores of colored balls are as follows: 2-point ball: yellow 3-point ball: green 4-point ball: coffee 5-point ball: blue 6-point ball: pink 7-point ball: the semi-circular area on the black table is the tee area, and the diameter of colored balls is 2-4-3. Before the kick-off, both sides can decide who will kick off first by tossing a coin. The kickoff party can put the white ball anywhere in the kickoff area. After each stroke, the white ball must be played from where it stops. Players must hit a red ball first, and then they can choose a favorable colored ball to play the game. After the ball is scored, it needs to be taken out and put back to its anchor point. Then play the red ball, and then play the colored ball after the red ball scores. So repeatedly. After all the red balls are put into the bag, the colored balls must be played in the order from low ball to high ball, followed by yellow ball, green ball, brown ball, blue ball, pink ball and black ball. At this time, there is no need to take out the colored balls until all the colored balls are in the bag and there are white balls left on the table, and the game is over. The process from kick-off to all the balls being hit into the bag is called a game. In the process of playing ball, if one side fails to collect all the shots, or hits an illegal ball, then the right to hit the ball is given to the other side. You can play one game, three games, five games and seven games to decide. The final of the world professional championship is to play 35 games. If the two sides are tied in the end, the traditional way to decide the outcome is to put the black ball in the black position and the white ball in the service court. The two sides decide who plays first by tossing a coin, and the one who scores the black ball first is the winner. The outcome of each game is determined by the number of points scored by both sides, and the winner is the one with the highest score. There are two ways to score: one is to score by scoring goals, and the other is to score by punishing the other side for their mistakes. Each red ball scored 1 point, a yellow ball scored 2 points, a green ball scored 3 points, a brown ball scored 4 points, a blue ball scored 5 points, a pink ball scored 6 points and a black ball scored 7 points. So both sides will try their best to get more black balls into their pockets. Snooker rules stipulate that failure to observe the following rules is a foul and will be punished. When playing the red ball, if the white ball doesn't hit any red ball-empty shot, it will be punished by 4 points; If you accidentally hit the colored ball, you will be deducted according to the score of the colored ball, but at least 4 points will be deducted. That is, if you play black ball, you will be punished by 7 points, and if you play yellow ball, you will be punished by 4 points; When playing colored balls, if you don't hit the colored ball you want to play, you will be deducted according to the score of the colored ball. If you accidentally hit a colored ball with a high score, you will be deducted according to the high score, with a minimum deduction of 4 points. Therefore, after entering the red ball and before playing the colored ball, if the colored ball to be played is not obvious, you must declare which ball you played, otherwise you will be automatically fined 7 points; If you accidentally hit the white ball into the bag, you will be fined at least 4 points, or you will be punished according to the highest score that the white ball meets before entering the bag. After the white ball is put into the bag, the next player can put the white ball in any position on the service court to hit the ball; Penalty points are not deducted from the penalty party's points, but added to the opponent's points. The following acts are also illegal: (1) Knocking the ball off the table; (2) When hitting the ball, both feet leave the ground at the same time; (3) The white ball jumps over the middle ball and hits the target ball; (4) The ball on the table is touched by any object other than the hitting end of the club or any part of the body; (5) When hitting the ball, the club hits the white ball continuously for more than two times; (6) The cue, the white ball and the target ball contact at the same time. When the distance between the white ball and the target ball is less than 2.5 cm, it is very difficult to not violate the rules, so when the white ball is close to the target ball, only the batter is allowed to hit the white ball far, but not the target ball. In this special case, as long as the white ball is hit out of the target ball, it is regarded as hitting the target ball. Excellent players often take advantage of this opportunity to play safe ball or snooker.

Edit the other rules in this paragraph.

Free ball

One side makes a mistake. After snooker appears on the table, the other side can't see the whole red ball, so you can choose a colored ball to play as a red ball. This colored ball is called "free ball". If this colored ball is put into the bag, it will be put into the bag as a red ball and get 1 point, and then the colored ball will play as usual. But if the red ball on the table has been played and the opponent can't see the whole colored ball, then the opponent can play any colored ball, which is a free ball. The score of the free ball in the bag is calculated according to the lowest score left on the table, and the other balls are hit in the normal order after scoring.

Play ball again

If one side plays the wrong ball and puts the other side at a disadvantage, the other side has the right to ask the wrong side to continue the game. This rule, like the free kick rule, is designed to prevent either side from making deliberate mistakes and profiting from them. However, before making a decision to let the wrong side play again, we must ensure that every ball on the table has no chance, and we must correctly consider the level factor of the wrong side's playing.

Save the ball unconsciously

If the referee thinks that one side should hit the ball after playing the wrong ball, he can punish the unconscious for saving the ball. In this case, the opponent can have the following options: (1) restore the ball to its original state before the wrong ball, and ask the wrong side to play again; (2) Ask the wrongdoer to continue the game at the current position; (3) Call yourself at the current position; (4) If snooker appears on the table, play the free ball yourself.

Color ball setting

When the colored ball falls into the bag and is put back on the table, if the original position of the colored ball is occupied by other balls, the colored ball is placed in the vacant position of the colored ball with the highest score at that time. If all the colored ball points are occupied, then the colored ball should be placed on a straight line perpendicular to the bottom of its anchor point-it should be closest to its anchor point and cannot touch other balls.

deadlock

When the referee thinks that the table is deadlocked, the referee will announce to both sides that if the situation does not change obviously after several rounds, the game is invalid and must be restarted.

Edit common terms in this paragraph.

When the edge of the corner pocket blocks the main ball, so that the main ball cannot directly hit the target ball on the table, the angled ball is called a dead corner ball. Double Kiss When the target ball collides with the cue ball two or more times in a row, it is called a second hit. In American billiards rules, the cue ball can be placed anywhere on the table. In snooker, players can legally hit a colored ball (no red ball) and put it in a bag. This colored ball is called a live ball. In the kick-off of American billiards, it is required that four balls must touch the shore in order to be legal. Handbridge The hand used to hold the rod and adjust the aiming method of the club head is called the handbridge. In American billiards, it is called BALL, and the player must instruct the referee (verbally or with a pole) which target ball to hit before hitting the ball. In American billiards, it is called a bag, and the player must instruct the referee (verbally or with a pole) which bag to hit before hitting the ball. After the main ball combination hits the target ball, the target ball hit by the main ball hits other target balls, and the ball is thus hit into the bag. Cue ball (cue ball) A cue ball is a ball that is often hit by a pole in a game. It's white and has no number. In American billiards, the cue ball is placed anywhere between the tee line and the top base. The cushion is a rubber product wrapped in cloth on the inner edge of the table edge, which is molded with the surrounding wooden objects. In a double-click stroke, the cue ball is hit twice by the club head, which is called double-click. Side spin ball (English) hits the left and right sides of the main ball through the club head to produce side spin ball. When the main ball only touches the target ball, this thin shot is called a thin shot. Count a point or a successful strike. Contact point When the main ball hits the target ball into the bag, the position where it hits the target ball is called the contact point. The cue is a wooden cone, which is used to hit the cue ball. When the main ball is hit at the hitting point, it will rotate downwards, and when the main ball hits the target ball completely, it will retract backwards. FOLLOW SHOT HAROUGH When the main ball is hit in the upper part, it will rotate forward, and when the main ball hits the target ball completely, it will roll forward. FOLLOW-THROUGH is a continuous running route through the original position range occupied by the cue ball after hitting the cue ball. The force hits the cue ball through the club, which changes the rotation direction, reflection angle and separation angle of the ball. Foul: any violation of the rules in the game. Foul hitting (foul hitting) When hitting the ball, there is a violation of the rules. Free Ball In the snooker game, the cue ball caused by a foul is made into an obstacle ball, and the player without a foul can designate any ball as a free ball to play. After the designated free ball is put into the bag, the score of the live ball is recorded. When the free ball and the live ball are put into the bag at the same time, only the score of the live ball is recorded. When the colored ball is hit into the bag as a free ball, it should be played back. A free kick cannot be an obstacle ball, otherwise it is a foul. Except when there are pink balls and black balls left. A game from the kick-off until all the balls are shot down or the specified score is played is called a game. A game consists of several games. A game consists of several games. It is called a game. A blow that bounces the cue ball or the target ball off the table. Jumping ball leaves the game table or the ball jumps over other balls. KISS SHOT (kiss shot) The main ball hits multiple target balls, which is called kiss shot. LAG FOR BREAK: players from both sides hit the ball from the service line and hit the other side to return the ball, trying to make the return ball close to the shore. Recently decided on the right to kick off. Freeze one ball against another ball or the edge of the table. When a faulty club hits the cue ball, it will slip and make a mistake. Generally, it is because the safety zone of the cue ball is not hit, or because the club head is not slippery. In snooker, a mistake means that the batter didn't try his best to hit the ball. In a common billiards game, an empty shot means a mistake. Natural English is the moderate lateral rotation of the cue ball, which is convenient for the required route. The cue ball naturally rolls without lateral rotation. A ball hit by a cue ball. The first shot in the game. In snooker, a target ball entering the bag is called a "pot". The head of the shot put also keeps in contact with the cue ball. A predetermined number of games that must be won to determine the outcome of the game. For example, the game is set to 2 1 game, 1 1 winning system, which can be called rob 1 1 avoidance. When one side wins the game of 1 1, the game ends. A device made of wood and copper to support a pole. Round robin in a game, each player plays a game with each other. RUN the score won by a player in a stroke. The safety ball was hit and the cue ball fell into the bag. Scrape the hit cue ball into the bag. The so-called hitting refers to hitting the main ball quickly with the club head, and ending with the main ball and all the balls in the game stopping rolling and rotating. Snooker In snooker, the so-called obstacle ball means that the main ball can't hit the live ball with the straight ball, and its line is blocked by the non-live ball. The batter begins to hit the ball, and he remains the batter until the batter or the batting is over, that is, before the referee declares "missed opportunity" or "foul". A batter hits the cue ball with the club head, which is a stroke. In snooker, the player who hits the ball starts to score until the ball is missed or fouled. This stroke is called shooting. When the ball is occupied when it is put into the bag or out of bounds, it needs to be put back to the ball placement point, and other balls occupy this point. When the player hits the ball normally, but fails to hit the ball into the bag or score, it is called "lost opportunity" The jab hits the cue ball obliquely or almost perpendicular to the table, which is called "jab". Stop shooting When the cue ball hits the target ball, the cue ball stops at the original target ball. Touching the ball: after the ball on the table is completely still, the main ball sticks to other balls, which is called touching the ball.