What are the architectural features of Ten Fragrant Gardens?

During the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty, Jiu Chao and Jiu Lian, cousins, were born in Baoying County, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, in 1811 and 1828, respectively. Later, as their ancestors served as officials in Lingnan, they settled in Panyu, Guangdong Province, in the area of Panyu Gushan, which was later known as Guangzhou Haizhu Jiangnan Avenue.

Ju Chao, with the character Shijie, was known as Meisheng, alias the Master of the Jinyi Nunnery. Since childhood, he loved poetry, calligraphy and painting, his life is the most good at painting flowers, fruits and vegetables, birds, insects and fish, and can landscape, ladies, in which he painted a class of works of grass and insects is even better. In guangxi, when jiuzao as inspector zhang jingxiu staff, he had been famous painter and calligrapher song guangbao and other people's influence, the birds and flowers especially focus on sketching.

Ju Lian, word Shigang, No. Guquan, alias the woodcutter in the mountains. He was just nine years old when he followed his cousin Ju Chao to live in Guangxi. Later, he followed Ju Chao to become Zhang Jingxiu's military advisor, and was rewarded with a flower plume for his military service.

During that time, he studied the works of famous painters and calligraphers of the time, such as Song Guangbao, Hua Yan, Jin Nong, Yun Shouping, Bada Shanren and Xu Wei. He was good at painting insects, flowers and birds, plumes, landscapes and figures, as well as finger paintings.

Ju Chao, who had a deep cultural background, was the teacher who inspired Ju Lian's painting and taught him about life. Therefore, Juelian especially respected his cousin Juzhao, and later followed him all the way.

In 1855, Zhang Jingxiu was dismissed from his post because of the defeat of Xuncheng, and returned to his hometown of Dongguan in the following year, while the brothers Jiu Chao and Juelian also returned to their hometown of Guangzhou. Afterwards, the brothers were invited by Zhang Jingxiu to go to Dongguan Kewon.

At that time, the owner of the garden Zhang Jingxiu very much appreciated the artistic talent of Ju Chao, Ju Lian, and often invited them to live in the garden painting sketches. The garden was well-designed, with pavilions, pavilions, paths, halls and pavilions, water and flowers, and an endless number of famous flowers and fruits, making it one of the most precious gardens in Lingnan.

In 1856, Jiu Chao and Jiu Lian began to plan for the construction of the garden because of the influence of the garden. This time the site, the two brothers set in Guangzhou, north of the village of Ganshan, where there is a clear river, local residents used to call "Ma Chung", the eastern section, formerly known as Yaoxi.

At that time, the 24 scenic spots of Yaoxi were a tourist attraction. Here, the water ripples, both sides of the green trees, in the small bridge and water, flowers and willows, look around, all can be painted! At that time, the literati often came here to walk in the wind and moonlight, to adjust the qin by candlelight, and to reward poems and rhymes. Therefore, the brothers chose to build a garden here is self-evident.

But soon thereafter, the brothers went to Dongguan at the invitation of Zhang Jingxiu and his nephew, Zhang Jiamu, and lived in Zhang Jingxiu's Kewon Garden and Zhang Jiamu's Daosheng Garden off and on for nearly 10 years, concentrating on their artistic endeavors.

The beautiful scenery of the garden for Jiu Chao, Jiu Lian provides a wealth of artistic inspiration and painting materials, superior living and creative environment and often the elegant gathering of the literati, and profoundly affected their lives and achievements, in their poetry and paintings of the past generations, the past is reproduced in the garden of the scenery and one thing.

During this period, Jiu Chao and Jiu Lian often sketched together, and their works were mostly written about fruits and vegetables and wildflowers, and their "brushwork was exquisite and flavorful", and their painting style was tranquil and elegant, and their family education made Jiu Chao accumulate a profound knowledge of Chinese culture throughout his life, and his poems, calligraphy and paintings were excellent, and all of them were elegant, and they had been the leading trend in the land of Southern Guangdong.

At the same time, due to Ju Lian's obsession with sketching, his painting was greatly improved, and gradually became famous with Jiu Chao, the world began to call it "the two Jiu", the two *** with the creation of painting skills and distinctive artistic style is also known as the "school of painting". "

According to the "Lingnan Painting Strategy" records:

Daoguang years, Linchuan Li Yunfu Meng Litang, Song Lotus root ponds to teach flowers in Guangdong, Litang to the intention of the brush stroke, catching up with the Bai Yang; Lotus root ponds color sketching, Ming Li Yanxiu.

The two schools were then opened in Guangdong. Meisheng brothers out of the beginning of the study of the lotus root, and later is a family. Ju's flowers, and then open a lifetime of face carry on.

It can be seen that Jiu Chao, Jiu Lian's attainments in painting since the Qing Dynasty has been famous in Lingnan. Its paintings are a blend of the Song's boneless method and the Yuan's charm, rigorous and meticulous, light and elegant. Erju's paintings of flowers never outline the outer frame, painting branches and leaves only with ink halo or color randomly dotted, can make the painting of the branches and leaves in a staggered, self-contained posture.

The art style of the Ganshan School of Painting is mainly based on the master of creation and the importance of sketching. The art style of Gushan School is mainly based on the master of creation and the emphasis on sketching. It traces the shape and spirit of flowers and plants, and even depicts insects with needles in the vessels. The famous classic techniques of "water" and "powder" are the artistic characteristics of Juelian's careful observation and feelings.

After Zhang Jingxiu's death in 1864, Juren followed his brother Juchao to his hometown and soon began to build the "Ten Fragrant Gardens" where he would paint and teach his students.

The Ten Fragrant Gardens was completed in 1865, the year of Ju Chao's untimely death. Since then, Ju Lien concentrated on painting to sell paintings to make a living, and set up a museum to teach students, and his reputation became more and more obvious, and there were many students and plums.

It is said that there are 10 kinds of scented flowers such as jasmine, nightshade, orchid, crocus, white orchid, lisianthus, nightshade, eagle's claw and caviar, which are commonly used for sketching, so people call it "Ten Fragrant Gardens".

The Ten Fragrant Gardens covers an area of 640 square meters, is a small courtyard surrounded by a brick wall, the bookstore is quiet, in the late Qing Dynasty, also known as "the grassy hall in the mountain", is the Qing Dynasty Lingnan region courtyard residential architecture, reflecting the simplicity of the characteristics of the Guangdong residence, but also rich in poetry and paintings of the book atmosphere.

At that time, the main buildings of the Ten Fragrant Gardens included the Jinyuan, the Xiaoyueqin Hall, the Wisteria Trellis and the Purple Pear Flower Hall.

Jinxian was Juso's drawing room, meeting room, and living room. After the death of Juchao, this room was used as a place for Juren's Buddhist chanting. The nunnery mentioned here is actually a hall.

The Sao Yue Qin Hall was Ju Lian's residence and painting room, named after the ancient zither "Sao Yue Qin" collected by Ju Lian. Room set up painting case, placed on the case of a large glass cover, the cover is full of all kinds of specimens of grasses and insects, for sketching. Museum before the various types of stones and stones set up, between the flowers and plants embellished with them, the sky is interesting, elegant and pleasant, quite a small garden.

The wisteria trellis has a plaque inscribed "between the Lianjian," actually open-air and set up on both sides of the planting of white plums, hanxiao, Huangpi and other trees, for the "second home" and friends, students poetry for sketching.

Purple Pear Flower Pavilion is the place where Ju Lian set up a tent to teach his students to paint, and in front of the pavilion, there were originally planted wisteria, phoenix tree and other flowers and trees, so it was called "Purple Pear Flower Pavilion", and on the door, there was a wooden plaque with the title of "Purple Pear Flower Pavilion" by the calligrapher of the late Qing Dynasty, Mr. Jiuqiu Hai. At that time, Ju Lian often played the "moon" in this zither, making the garden, the sky is full of elegant and pleasant.

In the west of the interior of the Purple Pear Pavilion, Ju Lian's apprenticeship place, painting place, the east for the study, and later Lingnan School of Painting founder Gao Jianfu, Chen Shuren, etc., is in this kind of strange stone, flowers and flowers in the "fragrance of the country" to receive the art of the school of art of the Ju.

The Qing Dynasty, during the Guangxu period, the abolition of the imperial examinations to advocate a new school, the establishment of a new school, the opening of painting classes. Professor Ju Lian, not for salary, he lived in poverty, but love talent, good qualifications and poor students, he preferred to sell paintings to support their learning and life.

Julian's 20 years of teaching art at the Ten Fragrant Gardens had cultivated a large number of art talents for the Lingnan region. Under the painstaking management of Ju Lian, the Ten Fragrant Gardens taught students in the form of the Montessori Hall, opening the first art teaching in Guangdong, which can be regarded as the prototype of the earliest art school in China.

The ten fragrant garden under the door, in China's art history in the name of outstanding disciples up to more than 30 people. Therefore, people say, with Jiu Chao, Jiu Lian and Ten Fragrant Gardens, there will be a large number of Lingnan School of Painting, a large number of outstanding heirs. Lingnan famous sages and scholars visit this place.

Pan Feisheng, a famous scholar at the end of the Qing Dynasty, wrote in a poem:

We met each other after a long time and broke our faces with smiles, and the thatched cottage is still a good creek bay.

The sunny window is just right for the sparse trees, and the short paper is a fine depiction of the mountains.

This is the first time I've been drunk on chrysanthemums and pines, and I've had the opportunity to eat on the ferns and ferns.

This is the first time I've ever been in a situation where I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to make it to the next stage of my life.

This poem, said many literati and scholars on the ten fragrant garden's longing and attachment ......