Classification of folk rap

The so-called storytelling refers to the storyline of this type of work is mainly expressed in rhyme. One of the cavity has a tone, a rut and rhyme, and there are drums and strings accompaniment called singing body, including drums, fishing drums (Daoxiang), play lyrics, pendant, qin book, Hao Lai Bao (Mongolian), Dabenqu (Bai), A Su (Yi), octagonal drums (Manchu), etc.; no instrumental accompaniment, only the beat of the chanting of a certain musicality known as the rhyming recitation, such as the Shandong Quick Book, the Tianjin Express Board, the money board, the Zanhah (Dai), Haba (Hani) and so on.

Whether it is singing, or rhyming folk rap is mostly from the folk songs, ditties, folk tunes on the basis of the development and evolution. The content to reflect the real life of the general public, some of the performance of historical themes, eulogizing the peasant uprising, exposing the darkness of the old society, such as "Chang Ban Po", "Jingzhou", etc.; some attacked feudalism, expressing the pursuit of marriage autonomy of the good wishes, such as "small two mouths carrying water"; some are the performance of the people's witty interest, overflowing with comedy, such as the Henan pendant, "pomegranate elm," reflecting the old time Unreasonable marriage system, "nineteen-year-old daughter-in-law ten-year-old Lang", the future groom is not familiar with the world, steal pomegranates to the old man's backyard garden, and then caught, and catch the "thief" is not married to the daughter-in-law. It exposes the unreasonable arranged marriage in the form of comedy, and the son-in-law's innocence and the daughter-in-law's self-improvement show that even in the countryside the idea of freedom and democracy has been born. Singing stories of folk rap art form is not long and interesting, some of the lyrics are refined and quick to win, and some of them have a long history of delicate portrayal, which is loved by the general public. To say the main, using prose narrative form of works, such as the north of the commentary, the south of the commentary, commentary. They are inherited from the ancient art of speaking and the formation of the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty Liu Jingting and a number of famous development, to the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to form two major systems, that is, the southern commentary and the northern commentary. The southern commentary is represented by Yangzhou commentary and Suzhou commentary, in addition to Nanjing commentary, Hangzhou commentary and Fuzhou commentary, which are all y influenced by Liu Jingting's direct influence. In the north, Beijing Shakespeare is the main body of Shakespeare, which is rumored to have been created by Wang Hongxing in the Qianlong period.

Traditional commentary, commentary has three aspects, one is the jingo and iron horse, known as the "big pieces of the robe with the book", the main performance of the enemy and I attack, dynastic change, loyalty and treachery, and the state of the country, such as the "State", "Three Kingdoms", "Sui and Tang Dynasty", "Yang Jiagong", "Ming Yinglie Zhuan", and so on. The second is the Greenwood chivalry, also known as the "small pieces of short books", write the partnership, in addition to violence and peace, than the martial arts competition, defeat the mountains and break the walled city, such as the "Water Margin" is divided into martial arts, Song, stone, Lu, Lin, Lu, after the Water Margin six, after a number of times; in addition, there are the "three chivalrous and five righteousness", "green peony," "Eight Trick Pearl" and so on. The third is the smoke and powder spirits and monsters, mainly based on myths and legends as the prototype of the creation of the performance of the gods and ghosts, foxes, demons, snakes and fairies and other subjects, to show the reality of the human world with the illusory artistic image, such as "Liaozhai", "Journey to the West", "Fengshenbang", and so on.

The commentary, the commentary on the cultural connotation of the book is mainly expressed in, first, the display of social phenomena, it is like a mirror, a profound and vivid reflection of the complex and colorful world, in front of the world to make a picture of Chinese history from ancient times to the present day, such as the book said that a certain emperor, both the former and later emperors can be quoted by the emperor, but also can be quoted from the people's people's mouths, and even the foreign presidents or emperors. Even foreign presidents or emperors can be used to make comparisons and backdrops, and the book can be compared and contrasted, encompassing the richness of social life. Secondly, it embodies traditional virtues. From the point of view of aesthetic connotation, the ethical and moral concepts it involves are relatively complex, reflecting the moral concepts embedded in the social life itself, and extolling the truth, goodness, and beauty, while at the same time, it dares to give and take, and tells the tendency of the speaker's thoughts. For example, the traditional virtues of the Chinese people in the feudal society is centrally embodied as loyalty, filial piety, temperance, righteousness, in the storyteller there is not a generalized generalization, but to identify and analyze, the supreme ruler of the country for the distinction between a wise ruler, the ruler of the darkness, the tyrant, the upper level of the characters are also differentiated into the clean and corrupt officials, and then its merits and demerits of the narrative comments. Thirdly, it contains a rich philosophy of life. It is not a macroscopic discussion overlooking everything in the universe. Rather, the people's worldview attached to the shape and color, complexity of the specific things and micro-knowledge, thought-provoking; not a longitudinal view of thousands of years, all the vicissitudes of things, but is good at intercepting a specific cross-section of history, examining the long river of history, the waves and rolls, the expression of the people's view of history; it is embedded in the view of life, not an abstract discussion, expressing the feelings of life, but through the specific plot, the typical character image to Speaking, let the audience produce **** Ming.

The artistic characteristics of the commentary, commentary is, first, cleverly conceived, plot twists and turns. Its structural means mainly rely on the "beam", "柁子" and "扣子" . The "Liangzi" is the outline of the artist's story, which is usually passed on by word of mouth. For example, the thirty-six friends of Wagangzhai in "Sui and Tang dynasties", the twenty-eight generals of Yuntai in "Eastern Han dynasties", the names of birds and animals in "Shi Gongcheng", and poems, fugues, and hymns describing scenery should be memorized by heart, and then recited off the cuff, and these "beams" become the main thread of the storytelling, linking up the other related materials. Totoko" is the main plot of a work, the nexus of many conflicts and clues. For example, "Three Strikes on the Zhu Family Village" in "Water Margin" is "Totoko", which also contains Yang Xiong's and Shi Xiu's great disturbance of the Cuiping Village. For example, in Water Margin, "Three Strikes on Zhu Jiajiazhuang" is "Totaru", which also contains Yang Xiong, Shi Xiu, Sun Li, Sun Xin, Gu Da Sister-in-law robbing the jail, etc. The "Totaru" can be said to be the big buckle, which marks the formation of a number of paragraphs in the commentary. "Totsuko", also known as "Guanzi", is a book in which the storyline develops to a critical point where the narrative is suspended, intentionally stopped, and temporarily suspended, commonly known as "suspense", which is about to be intriguing, The content of the heart-stopping beforehand for a hint or hint, but not immediately answer, leaving doubts in the listener's mind, and produce eager to know the end of the anticipation of the bottom of the psychology. Buckle is actually the focus of character conflict, contradiction and entanglement, often closely linked with the fate of the characters. Commonly known as "listen to the play to listen to the shaft, listen to the book to listen to the buckle", the storyteller is the use of "buckle" to make the plot development of the ups and downs, to seize the audience, and enhance the charm of the art.

Secondly, the image is vivid and vivid. The characters selected in the book of its character is often outstanding, or treacherous, or good and beautiful, or wisdom and courage, or loyalty and righteousness, which is based on oral folklore, rich in legend, and more importantly, is the booktellers to portray the character image is not to the shape of the long, but to the gods to win, and tirelessly use a variety of artistic techniques, such as the front portrayal, lateral accentuation, the two relative to each other, the heavy rendering, etc. The first is to make it vivid and full-bodied.

Thirdly, the combination of narrative and discussion, the premise of reasoning. Commentary is good at combining narration, description and discussion, in the process of narrating the development of the story, but also constantly on the characters as a punctuation style comments to show the author's attitude. The name "commentary" is given to the book because of the commentaries. If "commentary" is canceled and only "book" is left, its characteristics will no longer exist, which shows the importance of commentary in the commentary. Commentary on the book, sometimes open the door, direct exposition of the argument; sometimes quotes, to play on the subject; sometimes citing allusions, allegory in reason. The comments in the book are not seen, not sent, for the audience to analyze the judgment provides a reference, so that the theme has been sublimated. Of course, "comment" should be done in a proper way, interspersed freely, and can not put the cart before the horse, the main event. Mainly for the comic, it is to say, study, tease, sing as the main artistic means, with a comedy style art form. Its origins can be traced back to the pre-Qin comical performances, You Meng satirical advice, the Qin and Han Huan You, the Tang Dynasty "get the senator", the Song Dynasty "like a student" miscellaneous dress. But the formal formation of the art of comedy should be at the end of the Qing Dynasty Tongzhi years, at that time, the Qing government corruption and incompetence, imperialist aggression has turned China into a semi-feudal and semi-colonial country, the people are living in dire straits, some poor folk artists worried about the country and the people, dissatisfaction with the status quo, was forced to take to the streets, not only to sell their art to make a living, but also to take the opportunity to express the indignation of the heart. Artist Zhu Shaowen, stage name "poor not afraid", inherited the folk jokes and other comical art, jokes on the streets of Beijing to make a living, at first alone, and later accepted a disciple, changed to a two-person dialog, become a cupped and teasing the comic dialog. Then they increased the number of performers and created a group work. From then on, the comedy spread, the art of performance is increasingly improved, the performance of the paragraph is constantly enriched.

The most prominent feature of comedy is that it can constantly make people laugh, and there is no comedy without laughter, so it can be said that comedy is an art with a comedic style. The humor and jokes of comedy can help people open up their locked brows, loosen the wrinkles on their foreheads, stretch their tightened heart muscles, and forget the troubles in their lives. These humor and jokes are nurtured in the fertile soil of people's life, and are derived from the inconsistency of daily life phenomena, the deviation of phenomena and essence, and the extreme incongruity of content and form. But some comedy has no life content and social significance, relying solely on juggling, Kanshan or make fun of people's physical defects to make fun of the tendency to vulgarization of the low tone.