Structure and decorative style in traditional architectural art?

As a country with a long cultural connotation, China's cultural connotation is reflected in all levels of our society. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the structure and decoration in the traditional architectural art, aiming at studying the connotation of the structure and decoration in the traditional architectural art, and profoundly revealing the cultural connotation and artistic atmosphere of the traditional architectural art in China.

1 Structure in traditional architectural art

China traditional architecture is the crystallization of thousands of years' wisdom of China laborers. It not only ensures the functionality of the architecture, but also occupies an important position in the history of world art and civilization with its unique cultural symbols and artistic charm. Structurally, China's traditional architectural art is mainly divided into the following contents.

(1) lifting beam building structure. Beam-lifting architectural structure is the most common content in traditional architectural art in China. Its structure is to build an excavated platform, a stone foundation, a vertical wooden column, a beam on a column and a beam on a house, and connect them with purlins on the beams and rafters.

(2) Raft bucket building structure. Raft-bucket architecture consists of rafters, purlins and columns. In Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi and other places, this type of building is more common.

(3) Good dry building structure. In the shaft structure, logs are generally embedded into a frame, and stacked logs are used to build walls. The advantage of wooden wall is that it can not only bear the load, but also play the role of retaining structure. Externally, traditional buildings in China are generally composed of roofs, houses and abutments. Among them, the roof is divided into two types: large and small.

(4) Large and small roof structures. Generally speaking, large roofs in traditional buildings are composed of gathering points, rest mountains, temples and other structures, among which gathering points include circular gathering points, four-corner gathering points, triangular gathering points and octagonal gathering points. Xieshan is composed of a hard mountain or a hanging mountain in the upper level and a temple in the lower part, which is only allowed to be used by the government during basic operation. The four-slope roof of the Temple of Heaven is mostly used for palace-style buildings. For small roofs, there are some structural types, such as rolling shed, hanging mountain and hard mountain. Among them, the rolling shed is a roof without mid-ridge. Hanging mountain is a roof form with gables protruding from both sides of the roof. Hard mountain is a roof form with two sides protruding from gable. In traditional buildings, the weight of the roof is mainly borne by beams and columns. Traditional buildings are composed of columns, walls, doors and windows.

(5) the internal structure of the building. Under normal circumstances, the internal structure of a house is generally divided into rooms by curtains, fences, partitions, walls and other contents.

(6) Building abutment structure. The main function of abutment in traditional architecture is to promote traditional architecture and show its tall and majestic image. In the actual development of platform architecture, for ordinary houses, single-storey platform architecture will be adopted; For a magnificent palace, when building a house, you will choose three or two-story abutment. Generally speaking, the abutment is rectangular, including pedestal abutment and common abutment. The inspiration of abutment structure in traditional architectural art comes from Buddha statue. The application of abutment content to traditional buildings can better highlight the grandeur of ancient buildings.

2. Decoration in traditional architectural art

The traditional architectural art in China attaches great importance to decoration, outdoor environment and interior decoration, which is the most important artistic embodiment of traditional architecture in China. In the traditional architecture of China, many structural components have even been artistically treated, and many architectural images with national artistic characteristics have been created. In traditional architectural art, the main contents are as follows.

(1) carving. Sculpture is widely used in my aunt's traditional architecture, covering almost all parts and levels of the building. There are several types of carvings, such as wood carving, stone carving and brick carving. Among them, wood carving is mainly wood. Wood carving is also widely used in traditional architectural decoration because of its soft wood, natural texture and simple processing. As far as stone carving is concerned, its stone is hard, wear-resistant and moisture-proof, and it is a very good carving material. Compared with stone carving and wood carving, brick carving appeared relatively late. With the vigorous application of brick carving in traditional buildings, it has many advantages such as simple processing and low cost, and is relatively used in residential buildings.

(2) colored decorations. Color decoration refers to the color decoration on the surface of objects, which can be seen everywhere in buildings and is the content of traditional architectural decoration. There are many classifications of color decoration, and the positions of different color decoration in traditional buildings are also different. For example, the color of the seal is high, so it is usually decorated on the beams of important halls such as temples or palaces when used. In the use of color printing, the use of dragon and phoenix theme decorations is more common. In traditional buildings such as halls and palaces. There are many colorful paintings of cyclones, and spiral cyclone flowers are painted in algae wells.

(3) inlay porcelain. Porcelain inlay generally refers to an art built by cutting colorful ceramic pieces and embedding them in gypsum. The forward technique of ceramics is relatively high objectively, and it is widely used in traditional folk architecture. This method has the characteristics of flexibility and improvisation. Can be combined with the craftsman's own unique preferences to create casually, but also show the unique style of the region. This artistic technique is popular among Minnan people, and it is also common in traditional temples in southern Fujian.

(4) doors and windows.

3 the structure and decoration connotation in traditional architectural art

(1) China culture has a profound influence. China's traditional architectural art is developed on the basis of China's excellent traditional culture, and its decoration and structure are deeply rooted in China's excellent Chinese culture. The main essence of traditional culture is the embodiment of social development and national progress. As a historical monument, architecture is an important embodiment of China's economic, political, cultural and social development. China's theories of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism restricted and promoted the development of our traditional society.

(2) The combination of art and folklore. Traditional architectural art shows the living habits and aesthetic needs of different ethnic groups in China. The nation itself is also the main embodiment of the life, labor, social creation and culture of the people of all ethnic groups in China, indicating their attitude towards life and social responsibility. In the traditional architectural design of historical and cultural games, the unique customs of all ethnic groups are highlighted, and the human survival law of harmony and unity between man and nature is inherited. In traditional architectural art, it is the solidification of the times and culture to fully adapt to the lifestyles of people in different regions and effectively combine art and culture. In addition, it can learn the characteristics of different nationalities from traditional architectural art, perceive the unique cultures of different nationalities in the process of designing buildings, truly embody artistic inspiration into cultural elements, and show the diversity of Chinese national art and culture.

(3) the function and aesthetic feeling are unified. Aesthetic feeling is an important content that art must inherit and carry forward. Traditional architectural art should not only have artistic beauty and aesthetic value, but also reflect the epochal and regional nature of the building itself and its use function. Take architecture as the carrier of culture and art, and show the cultural characteristics belonging to different times and regions. Architecture is not only for appreciation, but also for use and residence. There is a big gap between many building technologies and building structures. The reason is that there are differences in living habits and habits in different regions. Therefore, in traditional architectural art, we can often pay attention to the aesthetic feeling of architectural art and ensure its functional characteristics. In the process of building construction in China, buildings are generally carried out with reference to design drawings, and its main purpose is to embody cultural characteristics on the basis of ensuring aesthetic feeling. Due to the lack of reinforced concrete and other building materials in traditional buildings, wood, as the main building material, can be perfectly integrated with paper decoration, which can not only effectively meet the needs of people's daily life and social activities, but also show the aesthetic feeling of traditional architectural art to the greatest extent, and truly realize the unity of function and aesthetic feeling.

4 conclusion

In a word, traditional architectural structure and decoration are important manifestations of traditional architectural art. As China is a vast multi-ethnic country, the structure and decorative techniques of traditional buildings in China are diversified and rich. The traditional buildings in China are generally dominated by wood structures, which pay attention to the dual unity of aesthetic and functional levels. In order to effectively promote the scientific development of China's construction industry, we should draw innovative inspiration from traditional architectural structure and traditional architectural decoration scientifically and reasonably, and integrate more traditional cultural artistic conception and aesthetic feeling on the basis of ensuring architectural functionality, so as to promote the sustainable development of China's construction work.

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