What is the concept of local China?

Concept. What kind of society is the rural society as the grass-roots society in China? It is not a description of a specific society, but some concepts extracted from a specific society. It is a unique system contained in the specific traditional grass-roots society in China, which dominates all aspects of life. In this sense, concept is a tool for us to know things.

Dirt. From the grassroots level, China society is rural. Earth is earth. Our nation is inseparable from the soil, from which we have had a glorious history, and naturally we will be bound by the soil. Now it seems that we can't fly to the sky. "Soil" is the lifeblood, and people who live directly from agriculture stick to the land. We can believe that it is normal for people who live on agriculture to settle down for generations, but it is abnormal to migrate.

Live. In China, most farmers live in the countryside. This has a great influence on the nature of our rural society. Most rural areas in the United States are neighbors who claim to be a unit and rarely meet each other. This is the result of their early colonial era, with fewer people and more people, and their colleagues also maintained the spirit of personal responsibility and going it alone. We rarely have a similar situation in China.

Location. Life in rural society is full of locality. Local society has become a society born in Sri Lanka and died in Sri Lanka, under the restriction of local society. Normal life is to stay at home all the time. If all the people in a village are like this, the relationship between people will have a characteristic. Every child grows up in the eyes of others, and the people around him are used to it since childhood. This is a "familiar" society, a society without strangers.

Two societies. In sociology, we often distinguish two different societies: one has no specific purpose and only happens because of common growth; One is a society that is United in order to complete a task. In Tonnies' words, the former is Gemeinschaft and the latter is Gesellschaft；; In Durkheim's words, the former is "organic unity" and the latter is "mechanical unity". In our own words, the former is gemeinschaft and the latter is a society ruled by law. Here, I want to make it clear that villagers trapped by land in their lives are always in contact with natural people, just like our parents and brothers, not because of the relationship we chose, but because of a living environment we don't have to choose, even before me. The credit of rural society is not the emphasis on contract, but the reliability when you are familiar with the rules of a behavior without thinking.

Birth system. What is filial piety? In the final analysis, it is the word heart. Children should be familiar with their parents' personalities in daily contact, and then accept their joy and achieve their own peace of mind. This shows the basic way to get along with people in rural society.

Intelligence. Rural people have never seen the market in the city and don't know how to deal with cars. That's a question of knowledge, not intelligence. It means that city people can't even drive dogs in the countryside. If "stupidity" refers to the deficiency or defect of intelligence, then literacy is not the standard of stupidity. Intelligence is the ability to learn. If a person has no chance to learn, no matter whether he has the ability to learn or not, he can't learn anything. Children in rural areas can't read the professor's children in the classroom, and they can't catch grasshoppers in the fields, which means the same thing. This is not their daily environment.

Knowledge. In this way, when a friend who works in the countryside says that a countryman is stupid, it is obviously not that a countryman is smarter than a man, but that a countryman is less knowledgeable than a man. This point, according to what we said above, is still not quite justified. Rural people are not as knowledgeable as urban people in urban life, which is correct at most.

Language. A word is a symbol used by both parties to express a meaning. Language is a symbol system expressed by sound. Symbols are things or behaviors with additional meanings. I say "incidental" because "meaning" is added through association, not the nature of things or actions themselves. This is the product of society, because individuals only need to express themselves when people need to cooperate with each other; And the result of expression must make the other party understand the meaning to be expressed. Therefore, this symbol contains the meaning recognized by most people, that is, this thing or action will cause the same reaction in most people. Therefore, there must be no personal language, only social language. In order for most people to have the same meaning to the same symbol, they must have the same experience, that is, they contact and use the same symbol in a similar environment, so they give the symbol the same meaning. Therefore, in every distinctive life group, there must be their special language, and there are many clauses that cannot be translated in other languages. Those who advocate rural writing should first consider the basis of writing and language. Otherwise, opening several rural schools to make rural people more literate may not make rural people "smart".

Learning is imitation, learning is repetition, doing it over and over again, and being honed by time is a new practice that one is used to.

Culture. Culture is a social experience maintained by symbol system and personal memory. In this way, the individual's "present" includes not only his personal "past" projection, but also the "past" projection of the whole nation. History is not a personal ornament, but a practical and indispensable basis of life. We should not only build a bridge between the past and the present, but also build a bridge between generations of society, otherwise there will be no culture and life we can enjoy now.

Experience. In rural society, people not only grew up among acquaintances, but also were born and raised in familiar places. Familiar places can include a mixture of people and soil for a long time. The ancestors are familiar with this place, and their experience must be the experience that future generations will get. The long time is from the bloodline, and from the experience that everyone may get, it is indeed the same way to repeat. There is the same drama on the same stage, and all the actors in this team need to remember only one opera. Their personal experience is equal to the experience of generations. Experience doesn't need to be accumulated, it just needs to be preserved.