How many pre-Song paintings and calligraphy are in the Forbidden City

The collection of the Forbidden City? Mainly:

First, painting and calligraphy collection. Taipei National Palace collection of painting and calligraphy totaling 9,120 pieces, according to the introduction of which half of the superior and inferior, 574 pieces of paintings before the Yuan (excluding the South Xun Hall before the Song emperor and queen statues), 155 pieces of calligraphy before the Yuan. The Forbidden City in Beijing has about 150,000 pieces of paintings and calligraphy, accounting for about the world's public museums in the collection of ancient Chinese paintings and calligraphy, of which about 1/3 has a high academic value and appreciation of value, there are nearly 420 pieces of pre-Yuan paintings, 310 pieces of pre-Yuan calligraphy. The total collection of calligraphy and painting before the Yuan in the De Feng Tang, the number of Beijing Palace is lower than the Taipei Imperial Palace. However, the relatively rigorous appraisal work has made it possible for there to be very little debate between the early and late (Ming and Qing) periods in the early (pre-Yuan) paintings and calligraphy at the Beijing Palace. In terms of the era of painting, the early collection of the Beijing Palace reflects the face of painting in various historical periods, especially the two Northern Song dynasty copies of Gu Kaizhi's Liannengtu volume and Luoshenfu volume from the Eastern Jin Dynasty truly reflect the painting style of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties period. In terms of Tang, Five Dynasties, and Two Song paintings, the Taipei National Palace has more than the Beijing Imperial Palace in terms of quantity, but the Beijing Imperial Palace's numerous collections of Yuan Dynasty paintings and their perfect quality are among the best in the world. In terms of Song Dynasty paintings, the Taipei Imperial Palace has more landscape painting treasures than the Beijing Imperial Palace, but the figure painting treasures of the Beijing Imperial Palace occupy an important position. Beijing Palace painting collection is more comprehensive, in addition to scroll paintings, but also collects prints, paintings, Qing Palace oil paintings, glass paintings, screen paintings, paste drop, etc., these are the lack of the Taipei Imperial Palace and insufficient. In addition to the Beijing Forbidden City, there are 10 pieces of Tang and Song dynasty murals, 7 pieces of Tang Five Dynasties Dunhuang paper and silk paintings, 1 store Yuan dynasty large murals, etc.. Beijing Palace storehouse of the Ming and Qing dynasty large court calligraphy and painting is also the lack of the Taipei Imperial Palace, because of these in the cultural relics of the south have certain transportation difficulties. As the Taipei National Palace is mainly received by the Qing dynasty old collection of calligraphy and painting, and the 18th and 19th centuries, "yangzhou eight monsters", "jingjiang school of painting", the early qing dynasty "jinling family", "four monks" and many other schools of painting and calligraphy for the Qing Palace is missing, is now a national treasure. Beijing Palace in the early 1960s has been the above-mentioned periods of painting and calligraphy collection complete. In calligraphy, the Taipei Imperial Palace collection and quality is not as good as the Beijing Imperial Palace. Beijing Palace has more than 40,000 passes of Ming and Qing dynasty ruled documents, which contains a huge documentary value and artistic value, far better than the Taipei Imperial Palace in this area of the collection. In terms of inscriptions, the Beijing Palace of good inscriptions accounted for the majority of the country. Currently have not seen the cultural relics in the south of the record about the inscription.

Second, ceramic cultural relics. The Forbidden City in Beijing has 350,000 pieces, more than 1,100 pieces of first-class, second-class about 56,000 pieces, and more than 110 kilns in the country since the last century collected more than 30,000 pieces of ceramic specimens. Taipei National Palace has 25,248 pieces of porcelain in the Qing dynasty old collection, five famous kilns in the Song dynasty porcelain and Ming dynasty official kiln porcelain collection are dominant, the famous Qing dynasty Kangxi, Yongqian three dynasties enameled porcelain the vast majority of the collection in the Taipei National Palace. But the collection of the Beijing Imperial Palace is the number of the Taipei Imperial Palace can not be compared, especially in the Neolithic era of colored pottery, the Three Kingdoms, two Jin, North and South Dynasties, Sui, Tang and the Five Dynasties porcelain, the Qing Dynasty Jiaqing to Xuantong official kilns porcelain, porcelain, porcelain, as well as the ancient ceramic kiln specimens, the collection of physical data, the Beijing Imperial Palace has a clear advantage. Beijing Palace in the successive generations of official kiln porcelain collection, both quantity and quality, are also considerable, can not be ignored. In terms of ancient ceramics collection, the two sides of the Palace have their own specialties.

Third, bronze. The Forbidden City in Beijing collection of historical bronzes more than 15,000 pieces, of which about 10,000 pieces of pre-Qin bronzes, more than 1,600 pieces of inscriptions, these three quantities are accounted for the number of Chinese and foreign heirlooms and unearthed more than 1/10 of the total number of domestic and foreign collection of Chinese bronzes in the largest number of museums. In addition, there are more than 10,000 pieces of currency of successive dynasties, 4,000 bronze mirrors, and more than 10,000 pieces of seal charges. The Taipei National Palace has 5,615 bronzes in its collection, with about 500 pre-Qin inscriptions. Both sides of the Palace bronzes are predominantly heirlooms, the total number of collections in the Taipei Imperial Palace and the number of fine works are fewer, but the Mao Gong Ding, the scattering of the disk, Zong Zhou Zhong and other heavy objects are very famous.

Fourth, craft collections. Beijing Palace has 28,461 pieces of jade, the number of more than 11,445 pieces of the Taipei Imperial Palace, and collected hundreds of archaeological excavations unearthed precious jade, including the Anhui Lingjiatan site and the Yanggongxiang, Anhui Yanggongxiang some of the jade unearthed in the Warring States Tomb, for the world's rare, and only the Beijing Imperial Palace has collection at present. In addition, the Beijing Palace's "Dayu ruling the water" jade mountain, weighing more than 10,000 pounds, there are thousands of pounds of weight of several pieces of jade mountain, is the Taipei Imperial Palace can not be reached. Lacquer, enamel, glass, gold and silver, bamboo, wood, teeth and horns carving, as well as ink, paper and ink stone "miscellaneous", the Taipei Imperial Palace totaled 7605 pieces, the Beijing Imperial Palace has 101355 pieces. Lacquerware overall Taipei Palace boutique less; metal enamel ware, both sides of the collection of similar characteristics, but some of the large metal enamel products of the Beijing Palace is not the Taipei Imperial Palace; from the Taipei Imperial Palace publications about Ruyi, such as cultural relics selected publications, the level of its craftsmanship is obviously inferior to the Beijing Imperial Palace collection. In addition, the Beijing Imperial Palace also hides 1442 pieces of bonsai, Lagenaria 590 pieces, and the Taipei Imperial Palace without this collection.

Fifth, the palace category of cultural relics collection. Beijing Palace with great advantage, from the imperial power on behalf of the system of cultural relics to the royal daily necessities of cultural relics, everything. For example, the Qing dynasty jade seal "twenty-five treasure", halogen book rituals and so on for the Taipei Imperial Palace, the emperor and queen of the crown is also the most complete; reflecting the level of scientific and technological development in the Qing dynasty, as well as cultural exchanges between China and foreign astronomical instruments, clocks and watches are also special collections for the Beijing Imperial Palace. Qing Dynasty Emperor right text, the importance of cultural appreciation, its appreciation of the seals used, the vast majority of hidden in the Forbidden City in Beijing. Qing dynasty royal beliefs in a variety of religions, to the national tradition of shamanism, Taoism and Tibetan Buddhism. Beijing Palace collection has a large number of shamanism and Tibetan Buddhism, rituals, statues, thangkas, etc., but also preserved a number of Tibetan Buddhism and Taoism in the Palace of the original state of the hall.

Six, books and books. The Taipei Imperial Palace version of the collection of the era of early (Song, Yuan, Ming version of more), complete volumes, books good majority, such as the Wen Yuan Ge "Siku Quanshu", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the", "the" and "the". The book is important", "wan committee" and part of the "day Lu Linlang" collection of books, etc., more than a unique huge book or a good product, quite valuable. Beijing Palace of the small number of Song and Yuan version of the book has been allocated to the National Library, but the existing Ming and Qing dynasty copy, engraved books, varieties, a large number of, including the Ministry of Internal Affairs to repair the book of the museum in the process of compilation of manuscripts produced by the Emperor, to be engraved, to be the book of the book of the book of the final version of the Qing dynasty, never issued carving of the Manchu, Mongolian and Chinese canonical books, for the convenience of the Emperor to read or to carry the recopying of the book, as well as inside and outside of the Palace furnishings and special production of all kinds of Appreciation of books. In addition, there are the Hanlin scholar, the word ministers write their own unpublished books, book collectors around the book; a large number of the palace playbook and archives; emperor and queen costumes and artifacts, "style Lei" architectural drawings, maps and other special collection of documents, and so on, the above *** about 195,000 books (pieces). Another more than 200,000 pieces of exquisite Wuying Hall "temple" of the original engraving of the bookplate. These constitute the special collection of the Palace of Beijing special collection of good books. The collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing, in addition to the old collection, there are nearly 1 / 5 since the founding of new China in the central government under the direct leadership and active support of the provinces and cities to collect, purchase of the scattered anonymous Qing dynasty cultural relics and donations from all walks of life. At the beginning of liberation, the state resolutely spend more than 500,000 Hong Kong dollars from Hong Kong to buy back the famous "three Hsi" in two Hsi - "Bo Yuan post" and "mid-autumn post". At that time, Taiwan also wanted to buy, but the funds did not materialize, they still regret. So far, more than 600 people have donated cultural relics to the Forbidden City in Beijing. Chairman Mao three times friends to send their own cultural relics forwarded to the Forbidden City for preservation. Zhang Boju, Zhu Yinan, Sun Yingzhou and other selfless donation, a thousand years. The new collection of cultural relics, many in value than the old Qing Palace collection. This makes the Forbidden City soon became a veritable treasure house of Chinese culture and art through the ages, and became the most representative symbol of Chinese civilization. Due to a variety of reasons, many people on the Forbidden City in Beijing heritage collection is not very clear, some people think that the good things have gone to Taiwan, some even said: "Taipei has cultural relics without the Forbidden City, Beijing has the Forbidden City without cultural relics," which is obviously a misunderstanding. Of course, cultural relics have their own artistic and historical value, are not interchangeable. The collection of the National Palace on both sides of the Taiwan Strait is originally a whole, has a strong complementarity, only from the overall view, in order to comprehensively recognize the long history and rich and colorful Chinese culture.