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What are the artistic characteristics of Yunnan opera

Abstract: Yunnan Opera is one of the Chinese opera genres in Yunnan Province. Silk string (from the earlier Qin cavity), Xiangyang (from the Han Xianghe school), Huqin (from the Hui tune) and other sounds from the end of the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty Qianlong years have been introduced to Yunnan and the gradual development of the formation of the popularity of more than ninety counties and municipalities in the vast areas of Yunnan and some areas of Sichuan and Guizhou. The performing art of Yunnan opera has inherited and absorbed the Anhui, Han and Qin opera styles. The following article will introduce the artistic characteristics of Yunnan Dian Opera as well as the performance form, take a look! Yunnan Opera is one of the Han Chinese opera genres in Yunnan Province. Silk string (from the earlier Qinqiang), Xiangyang (from the Xianghe school of Han tune), Huqin (from Hui tune) and other sound in the late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty during the Qianlong period of successive introduction to Yunnan and the gradual development of the formation of the popularity of more than ninety counties and municipalities in the vast areas of Yunnan and some areas of Sichuan and Guizhou. The performing art of Dian Opera has inherited and absorbed the Hui, Han and Qin opera styles. Dian Opera is an opera genre. Dian Opera includes three kinds of vocal cadences and parts such as silk string, Xiangyang and Huqin. Miscellaneous tunes in the late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty Qianlong years have been introduced to Yunnan and gradually developed and formed, and gradually absorbed the local folk art, formed with its own characteristics of the Han Chinese opera genre. The silk string, huqin and xiangyang of Dian Opera and some miscellaneous tunes are all derived from the opera voices of people from outside the province: the silk string originated from the Qin opera, the huqin originated from the Hui tune evolved from the cavity, and the xiangyang originated from the Chu tune (which was renamed as Han Opera after the Xinhai Revolution). Three kinds of voices were introduced into Yunnan, and then they were combined with the dialect and voice of Yunnan as well as its local customs and folk music, and then they changed and formed the three major voices of the Dian Opera. In addition, the Yunnan Opera's Kun Touzi, Kun Inverted Plate and so on are related to the Kun Cavity, while the Plate, Bridge, Ginseng Tune, Anqing Tune and so on are related to the Blowing Cavity (also known as Shipai Cavity). These voices in Yunnan theater stage convergence on the formation of Yunnan opera.

I. The historical origin of Dian Opera

Dian Opera is the sound of the silk string (from the earlier Qin opera), Xiangyang (from the Xianghe school of Han tune), Huqin (from the Hui tune) and other vocal cadences in the late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty Qianlong years have been introduced to Yunnan and the gradual development of the formation of the popularity of more than ninety counties and municipalities in the vast areas of Yunnan and some areas of Sichuan and Guizhou. Dian Opera is an opera genre. Dian Opera includes three kinds of voices and parts such as silk string, Xiangyang and Huqin. Miscellaneous tunes in the late Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty Qianlong years have been introduced to Yunnan and the gradual development of the formation of the gradual absorption of local folk art, the formation of their own characteristics of local opera plays. The silk string, huqin and xiangyang of Dian Opera and some miscellaneous tunes are all derived from the opera voices of people from outside the province: the silk string originated from the Qin Opera, the huqin originated from the Hui Opera which evolved from the cavity, and the xiangyang originated from the Chu Opera (which was renamed as the Han Opera after the Xinhai Revolution). Three kinds of voices were introduced into Yunnan, and then they combined with the dialect and voice of Yunnan as well as its local customs and folk music, and then they changed and formed three main voices in the Dian Opera. In addition, the Yunnan Opera's Kun Touzi, Kun Inverted Plate and so on, are related to Kun Cavity, while Plate, Bridge, Ginseng Tune, Anqing Tune and so on, are related to Blow Cavity (also known as Shipai Cavity). These voices were blended on the Yunnan theater stage to form the Dian Opera.

The development of Dian Opera has gone through several stages, including the Qing Dynasty, the period of the 1911 Revolution, the Republican Period and the period after the founding of New China. Qing Dynasty, is the period of Dian Opera nurturing, formation and development to gradually flourish, following the three Dian Opera classes mentioned earlier, and then appeared Taihong, Qingshou, Fusheng and other theater classes, Qujing area also appeared in the Yulin class. By the Guangxu period, Dian Opera had become more prosperous. Not only was there a professional troupe, but some amateur Dian Opera troupes were also established in the countryside. During the period of Xinhai Revolution, Dian Opera gradually set up theaters, and theaters also appeared in Mengzi, Wangu, Dongchuan and other places. After the 1911 Revolution, amateur Dian Opera artists such as Liang Xingzhou and Ye Shaozhuang collected more than 200 small plays, which were printed and distributed, and were widely circulated. During the Republic of China period, Dian Opera gradually went into decline from prosperity. Especially during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the reactionary officer Yang Zhizhi arrested, beat, imprisoned, scolded, personal insults to artists, many artists were forced to be displaced, fled to the countryside. Yang also brought in some young people to set up a class to perform dramas promoting feudal superstitions. Due to the destruction of the reactionaries, to the eve of the founding of New China, Yunnan opera has been on the verge of extinction. According to the Yunnan Provincial Dramatists Association Vice Chairman and Secretary General Qiao Jiarui introduction, after the establishment of new China, after the "change of people, change of theater, change of system" of the 3 change of activities, the province and many of the local, state, city and county have set up a state-run Dian Theater Troupe. 1950, the province set up an experimental Dian Theater Troupe in 1953 to become the Provincial Dian Theater Troupe in 1960 to set up the Provincial Dian Theater Troupe. Provincial Dian Theater. During this period, many outstanding liberal arts college graduates were also assigned to the Dian Theater Troupe, recording and organizing a batch and batch of traditional repertoire. The Troupe and the Provincial School of Literature and Art successively recruited and cultivated hundreds of actors and actresses of Dian Opera as well as choreographers, directors, musicians, and choreographers, which greatly enriched the new force of the Dian Opera. Yunnan opera has gained new life and rapid development. Everything has boom and bust, to the end of the 80's, everyone's standard of living has greatly improved, the spiritual aspects of the different needs, Yunnan opera in the impact of various cultures have also shown signs of decline. Although Dian Opera has a very high art form, pay attention to the "four skills and five methods, singing and reading sitting and playing", with "elegant and popular **** appreciation, ancient and modern with fun" fun, but Dian Opera to a certain extent need to "decoding! However, to a certain extent, Dian Opera needs to be "decoded", a person who does not understand the culture of the old opera will have a puzzling feeling when he first comes into contact with it, and the new generation will inevitably be attracted by things that are easier to accept and more entertaining. 90's put forward the spiritual civilization of the construction of a heavy, cultural as water, silent, the old opera needs to be protected, the "Wenhua Award "Wenhua Award", "Plum Blossom Award" and other awards established to protect the development of Dian Opera. The Dian Opera Lantern Art Week held this time also promoted the revitalization of Dian Opera Lantern and other local arts.

II. Dian Opera artistic characteristics

The performing art of Dian Opera has inherited and absorbed the Hui, Han and Qin operas. Yunnan is a multi-ethnic province, known as the "ethnic art ocean", Dian Opera in the development process, long-term performance in the rural grassroots stage, absorbing folk art, with national and local characteristics. Many famous artists have their own tricks, such as Li Shaobai, who plays Pan Hong in "Pan Hong's Trial", and can show Pan Hong's complex feelings of palpitation and anxiety by shifting the height of his hat on his head; Bu Jinshan, who plays the forbidden son in "Plum Blossom Hairpin", only uses a movement of locking the cell door to make the audience seem to hear the sound of locking springs into the lock, thus showing his sympathy for the prisoner and resentment towards the government; and Li Chengzhi, who plays "Qingfeng Pavilion" in "Qingfeng Pavilion", and is also known as Li Chenzhi. The roles of the loyal and honest Zhang Yuanxiu in Qingfeng Ting, the witty and calm Baihuai in Fire in the Stable, and the powerless Song Shijie in The Four Scholars are all vividly realized. Especially "seven star lamp" in the Kong Ming, singing quite heavy, in order to show that he bowed to the end of his life, the spirit of death, must be sung more and more decline, but the body decline heart does not decline, Li Chengzhi are performed properly, known as the "Dian Opera Titan".

The performance of Dian Opera is good at portraying characters and rich in life, such as Niu Gao and Lu Wenliang in "Niu Gao pulls the order", Ni Jun and Yin Bilian in "Baking fire down the mountain", are all through the action of a rich life, showing the process of the character's conflict, reflecting the thoughts and feelings of the character. Another characteristic is the vivid language, popular and fluent, with the style of Han folk songs, such as many singing words in the play "Qin Xianglian".

Three. Classification of Dian Opera

1. Yiliang Dian Opera

Yiliang County, Kunming City, Dian Opera performed earlier. According to the "Qujing area opera record" records, the late Qing Dynasty, Yiliang County, there are Chen Weichun set up the Dian Opera class, the main play folded, but also performs according to the local folk tales adapted from the outline of the play. Due to the frequent performance activities, a large number of Dian Opera artists were trained in the local area. 1953, Yiliang set up the "Xiexing Dian Opera Society", which absorbed some Dian Opera artists scattered in the folk community into the society. 1955, Yiliang's Dian Opera group merged with the Qujing Regional Dian Opera Troupe, and set up the Qujing Regional Dian Opera Troupe in Yiliang. 1959, Yiliang's Dian Opera troupe was established in the Qujing Regional Dian Opera Troupe, and in 1959, Yiliang's Dian Opera Troupe in the Qujing Regional Dian Opera Troupe was established. In 1959, Yiliang established the Yiliang County Dian Opera Troupe on the basis of the first team of the Dian Opera Troupe. Famous Dian Opera performers from Yunnan Province, such as Peng Guozhen, Bamboo Banyin, Little Banyin, Qi Shaobin, and the zither player Yin Qitai, were the backbones of the Troupe in the early days.

In 1967, Yiliang County Dian Opera Troupe was disbanded. 1979, Yiliang County Literary and Artistic Propaganda Team as the basis for the restoration of the Dian Opera Troupe, not only recruited a part of the Dian Opera veteran artists, but also absorbed a number of young actors and performers of the Dian Opera even stage plays, "The Civet Cat Swaps the Prince", "Seven Heroes and Five Righteousnesses", "The Three Sisters Come Down to Earth", "The Generals of the Yang Family", "Fann Lihua", and so on, with an enthusiastic audience, the Dian Opera performances are becoming increasingly prosperous. After 1975, Yiliang County Dian Opera Troupe created historical dramas such as "Tianbo Tide" and "The Soldier in the Robe", which took part in the Qujing Regional Literary and Artistic Festival and won prizes. Later, it created the folk story drama "Rabbit Fairy Saves the Dragon", the modern drama "Wild Chrysanthemums" and "New Legend of the Green Forest", which won awards at the Kunming Drama Festival.

2. Fengqing Dian Opera

Lincang City, Fengqing County, Yunnan opera has a long history, the earliest historical evidence of the introduction of time for the Qing dynasty Guangxu thirty-two years (1906), Liu Jinyu's "Tianqing class" to the performance of the local people by the local people's favorite, and then produced a number of Dian Opera ticket friends. Some local officials and gentry to raise funds to build stage to buy costumes, organizing performances, and constantly invited the Dian Opera class and famous actors and actresses performed many Dian Opera repertoire, Dian Opera performances in Fengqing increased impact, wider distribution. In the process produced a number of local players with certain attainments, raw, dan, jing, chou have, some also take the class to the sea, to perform Yunnan opera for a living. 1933, the establishment of the first amateur Dian Opera Society "Shang You She", most of the plays for the 1935 by the service of the Hall, Yunnan Daxin Bookstore, Ruihua Bookstore, the publication of the "Dian Opera Da Guan", New Dian Opera", "Dian Opera Score", etc., and transplanted some Sichuan Opera repertoire.

During the war, the "Shangyou Society" repeatedly raised funds for charity performances of "Mulan in the army", "Suwu Shepherds Goat", "Yue Fei", etc., and all the proceeds were donated to the front or to the disaster areas, which were honored by the provincial government at that time.

Shuning Dian Opera Troupe was established in 1953, and later changed to Fengqing Dian Opera Troupe.

After years of performance practice, Fengqing Dianju Troupe has basically formed a complete line, lineup, singing, reading, doing, playing each style, have a certain impact on the Dianju Opera performance team, in the retention of the traditional repertoire, at the same time, for the reform of Dianju Opera singing made a contribution. For example, Zhao Xingren created the "anti-silk string", "anti-Erhuang" and the integration of "Xiangyang" and "Huqin", silk string" and the "Five Tones and Cicadas" which integrates "Xiangyang", "Huqin", "Silk String" and miscellaneous ditties, enriched and developed the singing style of Dian Opera. At the same time in the interpretation of the transplanted plays, produced a number of such as "Night Plum", "Double Injustice", "Birthday Cake", "Borrowed Dowry", "Yangquiao woke up the dreamer", "Chung Jin Flame", "Wish", "Object", "Golden Autumn Banquet", "Bee King son-in-law" and other important, representative of the local original plays, participated in the provincial repertoire and won awards, and trained a number of performers and playwrights have a certain degree of influence.

As a result of changes in production and lifestyle coupled with the diversification of cultural consumption, the county Dian Opera Troupe was disbanded in 1990, there has been very little performance of Dian Opera, but many amateur enthusiasts and folk artists are still in the holidays or red and white celebrations and other occasions, the organization of some of the drums singing "bench opera".

Four. Yunnan opera heritage protection

According to preliminary statistics in 1962, the traditional repertoire has recorded more than 1,600 scripts of all sizes. Among them, there are Qinqiang Luzi, Chuan Luzi, Jing Luzi and Dian Luzi. Qinqiang Luzi was imported together with the silk string cavity,

Dian Opera, such as "Spring and Autumn Match", "Flower Field Error", "Gao Ping Guan" and so on. Chuan Road from the Sichuan opera, such as "five robes": "yellow robe" (Zhao Kuangyin snow night visit Pu), "green robe" (Liang Hao eighty in the Scholarship), "white robe" (Yuchigong visit Xue Rengui), "green robe" (Xiaoho under the moon chasing Hanshin), "red robe" (Liu Zhiyuan to fight the world); "four columns ": "Cannon Branding Pillar" (King Zhou executes Meibe), "Crystal Pillar" (Guanyin collects soft-shelled turtle demon), "Five Elements Pillar" (Sun Wukong haunts the Palace of Heaven), "Touching the Heavenly Pillar" (*** Worker touches the Buzhou Mountain) and so on. Peking Opera comes from the leather reed opera (Hui, Han, Peking Opera), such as "Fishing and Killing Family", "Sitting in the Palace" and so on. Dian Luzi is divided into two kinds: one is the local historical storytelling plays written by the authors or artists in this province, such as Xue Erwang Throwing into the Pool, Forced to Die on the Slope, Ning Bei Fei, and Chen Yuanyuan Shedding the Family, as well as the fashion plays compiled after the Xinhai Revolution, such as A Bowl of Shrimp, and Newly Visiting Relatives, etc.; and the other is the transplantation of the repertoire of foreign plays, which has become a self-contained style after development, such as some of the programs of The Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, and Red Mansions, etc. The other is the transplantation of foreign plays and their development into their own styles. In addition, there are still "playing the noodle tank", "big tailor" and other miscellaneous small plays. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, a large number of traditional plays were organized and a number of plays reflecting the struggles of the Bai, Dai, Wa and Hani minorities were created, such as Butterfly Springs, Cloud of Hope, Banna Scenery, One-Handed Heroes and Outpost of Wa Mountain. Some of the more influential dramas include "Niu Gao Pulls the Purpose", "Breaking into the Palace", "Sending Jing Niang", and "Borrowing Kisses and Matching", which has already been made into a movie.

Before and after the founding of New China; the famous actors and actresses on the stage of Dian Opera are Luo Xiangpu, Zhang Yucheng, Li Chengzhi, Qi Shaobin, Bi Jinyu, Peng Guozhen and so on, and after the founding of the country, the famous actors and actresses cultivated in the audience are Wanxiangzhen, Zhou Huiyi, Li Liansen, Qiu Yunsu, Li Shaoyu, Wang Yuzhen and so on.