Are there national standards for paper products such as notebooks, bookmarks and postcards? If yes, what is the relevant standard number?

We know that due to environmental protection and other factors, all industries have certain requirements for product formulas, not only the food industry, but also the stationery industry. On April 1 2008, China fully implemented the national standard "General Requirements for the Safety of Students' Articles". This is the first compulsory national standard for school supplies in China. So can stationery manufacturers really understand the rules? Today, we will explain the technical requirements of the standard for the stationery industry from eight aspects.

Migratable elements: Maximum limit reached

Because crayons, watercolor pens, oil pastels, etc. It will come into direct contact with children's bodies, especially the skin of hands, and children often have the habit of biting, sucking pens or fingers, and harmful substances are easily eaten by children, thus affecting their growth and development.

This national standard stipulates the maximum content of movable elements such as antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, etc. in school supplies, so as to control the harm of these movable elements to underage students' bodies and their influence on their intellectual development and normal brain development.

The standard has stricter regulations on harmful elements in finger painting pigments and plasticine, which makes the migration of specific elements in students' stationery reach the international advanced level.

For example, according to ISO8 124-3: 1997 "Toys Safety-Migration of Specific Elements", the standard drafting group has made a series of recommendations on oil pastels, crayons, watercolor pigments, erasers, correction supplies (including correction fluid, correction tape and correction pen), printed copies of school supplies, writing pens and markers. The specific limits of these elements are: antimony does not exceed 60mg/kg, arsenic does not exceed 25mg/kg, barium does not exceed 1000mg/kg, cadmium does not exceed 75mg/kg, chromium does not exceed 60mg/kg, lead does not exceed 90mg/kg, mercury does not exceed 60mg/kg and selenium does not exceed 500mg/kg.

The harmful elements in finger painting pigments and plasticine are specified as follows: barium does not exceed 250mg/kg, cadmium does not exceed 50mg/kg, chromium does not exceed 25mg/kg and mercury does not exceed 25mg/kg. Because finger painting pigments and plasticine must be in direct contact with hands when used, the requirements are more stringent.

Modified products: the benzene content of organic solvents is strictly limited.

Altered products are mainly used to modify handwriting, including correction fluid and correction tape. When in use, cover the handwriting that needs to be modified with correction fluid and correction tape, and then re-write on it.

This national standard strictly limits the content of benzene as an organic solvent in correction supplies (correction fluid, correction tape and correction pen), and the limit value shall not exceed 10 mg/kg, and it does not contain chlorinated hydrocarbons. In addition to controlling the harm of benzene, an organic solvent, to students' health, we should also consider controlling the pungent smell of altered products. Refer to QB2655-2004 correction fluid industry standard. The test method conforms to GB9722- 1988 General Rules for Gas Chromatography of Chemical Reagents.

Adhesives: The limit of harmful substances shall refer to the relevant requirements of the European Union.

General requirements stipulate the limits of harmful substances in adhesives, such as: free formaldehyde cannot exceed 1g/kg, benzene cannot exceed 0.2g/kg, toluene and dodecylbenzene cannot exceed 10g/kg, and total volatile organic compounds cannot exceed 50g/kg. At the same time, it is also stipulated that benzene cannot be used as a solvent, and its highest content as an impurity shall not exceed the above provisions.

It is reported that GB 18583-200 1 "Limits of harmful substances in adhesives for interior decoration materials" is a reference when formulating the limits of harmful substances in adhesives, and GB 18583 refers to the relevant requirements of the European Union EN7 1-5, 76/769/EEC, etc. There are two kinds of adhesives in GB 18583-200 1 standard: water-based adhesives and solvent-based adhesives. Solvent adhesive is not used because of its strong smell and certain toxicity. This time, the glue used by students is water-based and relatively safe. The test method also refers to GB 18583-200 1 Limit of Substances in Adhesives for Interior Decoration Materials.

Schoolbags and pencil boxes: The formaldehyde content of flour accessories shall not exceed the standard.

"General Requirements" stipulates the formaldehyde content in fabrics and accessories used in schoolbags, pencil cases, etc. Shall not exceed 300 mg/kg.

This time, when formulating the limit of harmful substances in schoolbags and pencil boxes, we referred to GB 1840 1-2003 "National General Safety Technical Specification for Textile Products". The national standard GB 1840 1 is a copy of European OEX 100 regulations. Schoolbags and pencil boxes used by students are generally textile products, and finishing agents such as dyes and auxiliaries should be added to the textile products in the process of finishing after printing and dyeing. These finishing agents more or less contain or produce substances harmful to human body, especially formaldehyde residue on textiles, which will do harm to students' skin and even their health when it reaches a certain amount. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the formaldehyde content of fabrics and accessories used in schoolbags and pencil boxes. The test method is carried out according to GB/T 2912.1-KLOC-0/998 "Determination of formaldehyde in textiles Part I: Free hydrolysis of formaldehyde (water extraction method)". GB/T29 12. 1 Equivalent to ISO/FDIS14184:1997 "Determination of Formaldehyde in Textiles Part I: Free Hydrolysis of Formaldehyde (Water Extraction)".

Dye used: No.23 harmful aromatic amine is not allowed.

The General Requirements stipulates that all dyes used for school supplies should meet the requirements of GB 1960 1-2004 national standard, that is, they must not contain 23 kinds of harmful aromatic amines.

According to reports, even if the content of harmful aromatic amines in school supplies is extremely small, it will be very unfavorable to the health of underage students.

Therefore, the limit index of harmful aromatic amines should be fully considered when formulating the general requirements. For this reason, the standard drafting group read relevant domestic and foreign standards and materials, such as GB/T 17592. 1 GC/MS, GB 1840 1 National General Safety Technical Specification for Textile Products, GB1960/KLOC-0. It also refers to the relevant standards of the International Textile Research and Testing Association, the detection methods of banned azo dyes in dyed textiles by the German Federal Institute for Consumer Health Protection and Veterinary Medicine, the German standard DIN 533 16: 1997, and the determination of some azo pigments in leather inspection. According to the inquiry, only the limit of 23 aromatic amines in textiles and dyes is stipulated at home and abroad, but the limit of harmful aromatic amines in school supplies is not stipulated. Therefore, this standard stipulates that the dyes used in school supplies should meet the requirements of GB 1960 1-2004.

Textbooks for students: the whiteness shall not exceed 85%.

"General Requirements" stipulates that the brightness (whiteness) of textbooks and books used by students in this book shall not be greater than 85%. Generally speaking, it just can't be too white. Too white will irritate and damage students' eyes and affect their eyesight.

At present, with the rapid development of China's paper industry, the brightness (whiteness) of paper is getting higher and higher. Judging from the actual use effect, especially in the growth stage of children, if the brightness (whiteness) of paper is too high, it will do harm to children's eyesight.

According to international and domestic reference materials, the brightness (whiteness) of student books should not exceed 85%, and paper with fluorescent powder cannot be used. It is based on this starting point that the brightness (whiteness) of this volume is generally required not to exceed 85%. ISO2470: 1999 "Paper and board-Determination of whiteness (temperature shooting/vertical method)" is adopted as the standard, and the test method is in line with international standards.

Pen cap: reduce the risk of suffocation

"General Requirements" provides safety regulations for the caps of writing pens, marker pens, correction pens and watercolor pens. The technical index and test method of pen gland safety adopt ISO11540:1993 "Writing pen and marker gland-safety requirements", which is in line with international standards.

According to reports, if underage students accidentally inhale the pen cap, the pen cap may be fixed below the throat and block the trachea; If the pen cap is ventilated or too big to swallow, the risk of suffocation can be reduced. By specifying the size and ventilation area of the ventilation pen cap, the risk can be reduced, thus reducing the possibility of inhalation and delaying the suffocation time before medical treatment.

For another example, the standard stipulates that the pen cap body needs to have a continuous air passage of at least 6.8 square millimeters; When the maximum pressure difference of the pen cover is 1.33 kPa at room temperature, the minimum ventilation should be 8 liters/minute. A pen cap that meets this condition is also considered not to cause the danger of suffocation.

Hand scissors and blades: the top should be round.

In order to prevent students from hurting their hands and bodies due to non-functional reasons when using hand-made scissors, blades, pencil sharpeners, drawing rulers, pencil boxes and other student stationery, the General Requirements stipulates that the cutting edges and tips of hand-made scissors, blades, pencil sharpeners, drawing rulers, pencil boxes and so on should meet the following requirements:

The tips of manual scissors and blades should be curved tips, not sharp tips.

Hand scissors, pencil sharpener, etc. If they have functional sharp points due to functional necessity, they should be warned, and there should be no other non-functional sharp edges and sharp points (the writing tips of pencils and similar drawing tools are not considered as dangerous sharp points).

Touchable edges, corners or dividing lines of drawing ruler, pencil box, etc. There should be no sharp burrs, tips or overflow edges, or they should be protected from touching.

School supplies can touch metal edges, including holes and grooves, and should not contain dangerous burrs or inclined thin edges, or use them as folding edges, curling edges or bending edges, or use permanent protection or coating to protect them.

There should be no exposed sharp edges or burrs at the accessible ends of exposed bolts or screws, or the ends should be covered with smooth nuts so that the sharp edges and burrs cannot be touched.

This index refers to the corresponding contents in GB6675-2003 National Technical Specification for Toys. The test method is carried out according to the provisions of A.5.8 and A.5.9 in GB6675-2003 National Technical Specification for Toys (GB6675-2003 is equivalent to ISO8 124). Therefore, the standard is reasonable, advanced and operable.