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Present situation and prospect of tourism development: what industries does tourism include?

202 1, people in the tourism industry are looking for a breakthrough. Everyone wants to get a clear development path, a lighthouse that illuminates the well-known direction. The global epidemic has cast a shadow over tourism. Here, I would like to share with you the specific Raiders Guide.

Chapter I Overview of Industries

Tourism, known internationally as tourism industry, is a comprehensive industry that relies on tourism resources and facilities to attract or receive tourists and provide them with transportation, sightseeing, accommodation, catering, shopping and entertainment. Tourism business consists of three parts: tourism, transportation and passenger transport, and accommodation represented by hotels. They are the three pillars of tourism.

Figure tourism sub-industry segmentation

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Scenic spots (including natural, cultural and man-made scenic spots) are the core of the tourism industry chain, which take the initiative relatively (but most of the operators are state-owned enterprises, and the incentives are relatively insufficient, while factors such as catering, accommodation, transportation, shopping and entertainment often need to rely on the resources of scenic spots to carry out various businesses around them. Visitors can book elements and packaged products through online OTA, or purchase needed travel products through offline travel agencies.

Figure tourism industry chain

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Describe the life cycle stage of tourism sub-industry

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There is a strong positive correlation between tourism and GDP: tourism is still optional consumption for some residents. When the income growth slows down and the uncertainty of expected income increases, the consumption demand for non-essential goods such as tourism will directly decrease. However, the fluctuation range is weaker than GDP, and tourism consumption is still a necessity for some residents, especially the wealthy.

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In 2006, there were 6.006 billion domestic tourists and 300 million inbound and outbound tourists. The total tourism revenue is 6.63 trillion yuan, and the comprehensive contribution of tourism to GDP is 65.438+00.94 trillion yuan, accounting for 65.438+065.438+0.05% of the total GDP. Tourism directly employed 28.25 million people, and tourism directly and indirectly employed 79.87 million people, accounting for 10438+0% of the total employed population in China.

The number of travel agencies reached 38,943. The total number of global tourists 1.23 1 billion, and the cumulative number of international tourists1.50 billion. Global tourism revenue is 5.8 trillion US dollars, equivalent to 6.7% of global GDP.

By February of 65438+, there were more than 30,000 scenic spots in China (including A-level scenic spots 10300, including 259 5A-level scenic spots, 3034 4A-level scenic spots, 300 red tourist classic scenic spots, 26 national tourist resorts, 0/0 demonstration cities for tourism and leisure, and 65438 national eco-tourism demonstration zones).

Chapter II Business Models and Technological Development

2. 1 industrial chain value chain

Tourism is a highly complex industry, involving not only core industries such as eating, living, traveling, traveling, shopping and entertainment, but also more than ten related industries such as transportation and information services.

Figure Inter-industry relationship and supply-demand relationship of tourism

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2. 1. 1 Duty-free shops and integrated tourism services

At present, the tax-free formats mainly include island tax exemption, port tax exemption, city tax exemption and cruise tax exemption. A comprehensive service company refers to a travel company that provides a series of comprehensive services.

Figure Duty-free industrial chain

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Table China Duty Free Franchisee

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Among the five duty-free enterprises in China (excluding China's outbound service), China Duty-free is the only one qualified to operate duty-free business in major airports and ports in China, and it is in a leading position in the domestic duty-free industry. At the same time, China Duty Free Shop also has a nationwide network, and has set up more than 60 duty-free shops covering airports, borders and cities in 29 provinces and cities (including Hong Kong and Taiwan), and has developed into a duty-free operator with the most comprehensive types of duty-free shops in the world and the largest number of retail outlets in a single country.

2. 1.2 Tourism performing arts

Figure Tourism Performing Arts Industry Chain

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Tourism performing arts projects include production, promotion, operation and maintenance. The positioning and building of early projects play a decisive role, the marketing ability in the middle period determines the volume and scale, and the maintenance and innovation in the later period determines the vitality.

Graphic classification of tourism performance art

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2. 1.3 hotel

The hotel industry is mainly driven by the development of tourism, and there is a strong correlation between the demand of the hotel industry and GDP growth.

Figure Hotel Industry Value Chain and Main Participants

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2. 1.4 outbound travel

At present, the vertical division of labor among domestic travel agencies engaged in outbound tourism business has basically taken shape, which can be roughly divided into travel wholesalers, comprehensive retailers and agents. With the penetration of the Internet into the tourism industry, the channel value of the outbound tourism industry chain is compressed, and the upstream factor resources and downstream platform traffic value are highlighted, and the industrial chain develops in a dumbbell shape.

Figure outbound travel industry chain

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2. 1.5 scenic spot

As a comprehensive destination for residents' leisure tourism, scenic spots have obvious resource characteristics. The dynamic management of scenic spots has become the norm, and whether it is punished by the regulatory authorities directly affects the reputation of scenic spots and has a certain impact on the passenger flow and profit of scenic spots. The continuous expansion of scenic spots not only enriches the tourism market objectives of scenic spots, but also further disperses the distribution of tourism flows in various scenic spots. However, 5A-level scenic spots are still the scarcest tourist resources, which are more favored by tourists.

Figure industrial chain of tourist attractions

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Theme park: an industry that provides theme park services. A theme park is a modern tourist destination that integrates a variety of entertainment activities, leisure elements and service reception facilities by using modern science and technology and multi-level activities according to a specific theme.

2. 1.6OTA

OTA(OnlineTravelAgency) is a channel link in the middle reaches of the tourism industry chain at present, with a broad market space. The big tourism industry has spawned rich formats, and the OTA industry chain is huge. Upstream: among the core tourism resources, the commission rate of domestic and foreign airlines is decreasing, approaching zero, which greatly reduces the profit space of agents, but its traffic import value is large, the profit model of hotel business is rich, and the single hotel itself relies heavily on OTA, which has become the focus of all parties' layout; Midstream: GDS and other distribution channels provide support for OTA business, but GDS began to expand its business chain under the trend of airline direct sales promotion, and gradually developed in parallel with OTA; Downstream: consumer demand is improving, OTA is mainly engaged in toC business, and the overall prosperity of the tourism industry provides a foundation for the development of OTA business.

Figure online tourism industry chain

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2. 1.7 catering

Catering demand has certain rigid characteristics. According to product types, the ingredients supplied by catering supply chain can be divided into consumables such as meat, vegetables, grain and oil, condiments, drinks, toilet paper, etc. According to the product form, it can be divided into fresh (such as American food. Com, which has a strong fresh supply), standard products and frozen products (Anjing Food and Sanquan Food, which rely on quick-frozen food). China catering enterprises attach great importance to the development of supply chain, second only to the development of brands.

Figure catering industry chain

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2. 1.8 cruise ship

Cruise industry refers to the industry that provides cruise service. The original intention of a cruise ship refers to a large passenger ship with fixed routes and regular navigation on the ocean. The word "post" itself means transportation, and in the past, overseas mail was always carried by this large fast passenger ship, hence the name.

After World War II, most military industries were transformed into civilian industries, and the aviation industry also appeared and developed rapidly. However, the original transoceanic cruise ship basically withdrew from the historical stage because of its slow sailing speed and long consumption time. The cruise ship mentioned now actually refers to tourist passenger ships sailing in the ocean.

2. 1.9 gambling and casinos

Casino refers to the industry that provides casino services. Casino refers to a casino specially used for gambling, often referring to various gambling places legally operated; At the same time, casinos also refer to illegal gambling places, which are generally called gambling halls or casinos.

Gambling refers to the industry that sells lottery tickets. Lottery is a kind of voucher issued to raise funds, printed with numbers, graphics, words and face value, which is purchased voluntarily by buyers according to certain rules and whether they get rewards or not.

2.2 Business model

Tourism industry companies are divided into professional scenic spot companies, service companies and comprehensive companies.

List of income structure of CTS Hong Kong Unit: 10,000 yuan, CNY.

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2.3 technical development

The growth of per capita disposable income, the increase of population structure, the increase of residents' leisure time, the improvement of transportation and the support of industrial policies can effectively promote the development of tourism, among which income growth, leisure time increase and traffic improvement are the most critical factors.

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According to WTTC's forecast, during the period of 20 1 1 year, China's tourism industry will directly and indirectly boost the real growth rate of industrial economic output (excluding inflation) to 9%, ahead of Indian, Thai, Japanese and other Asian countries, ranking first in the world 18 1 country. The compound annual growth rate of the employed population directly and indirectly driven by industry will reach 4%, which is second only to Thailand in Asia and ranks 18 19 in the world.

2.4 Policy and supervision

Tourism industry management refers to the government guiding market trends and formulating market rules through planning, laws and policies, and then coordinating, supervising and maintaining market order, so as to standardize enterprise behavior, safeguard the rights and interests of tourists, establish a good image for the rapid, healthy and sustainable development of tourism, and create a good business environment.

The National Tourism Administration is the directly affiliated institution in charge of tourism in the State Council, and the tourism bureaus of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are the local tourism authorities. Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government have established a three-level local tourism administration system, and local tourism bureaus at all levels are the centralized management departments of local tourism work, under the dual leadership of local governments at the same level and tourism bureaus at the next higher level, and are mainly responsible for the management of the tourism industry within their respective jurisdictions.

China tourism association is a self-regulatory organization in the tourism industry, and it is a national comprehensive tourism industry association composed of relevant organizations, enterprises and institutions in China tourism industry on the basis of equality and voluntariness.

Resource tourism projects involve many different types of resources such as scenic spots, cultural relics, forest parks and nature reserves. According to the current administrative system, tourism resources are managed by the relevant departments in charge of construction, cultural relics, forestry, land and resources, tourism and so on according to different attributes. Among them: the competent construction department is responsible for the evaluation and management of scenic spots; The tourism department is responsible for the evaluation and management of A-level tourist areas (spots); The cultural relics department is responsible for the evaluation and management of cultural relics protection units; The forestry department is responsible for the assessment and management of forest parks; Nature reserves are in charge of environmental protection, forestry, agriculture, ocean and land resources.

Nature reserves refer to the land, land water bodies or sea areas where representative natural ecosystems, rare and endangered wild animals and plants, natural relics with special significance and other protected objects are located, and certain areas are designated for special protection and management according to law. The state implements a management system that combines comprehensive management with departmental management for nature reserves. The State Council environmental protection administrative department is responsible for the comprehensive management of national nature reserves; The State Council forestry, agriculture, geology and mineral resources, water conservancy, marine and other relevant administrative departments are responsible for the work of nature reserves within the scope of their respective duties; The local people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the establishment and responsibilities of nature reserve management departments, which shall be determined by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government according to local specific conditions.

In terms of tourist passenger transport business, the competent authorities include national transportation management departments at all levels. The people's governments at all levels shall set up the Ministry of Transport (or the administrative department of transportation such as the Transportation Bureau and the Transportation Committee), which shall be in charge of the functional departments of local roads, waterways and other transportation undertakings, coordinate the highway management in the region, formulate highway development plans and specific implementation guidelines, and be responsible for the development, construction, maintenance and management of national and provincial roads.

Travel agency business is licensed. To engage in travel agency business, it shall be reported to the tourism administrative department for approval, obtain the travel agency business license, and go through the industrial and commercial registration formalities according to law. According to the development of tourism, the National Tourism Administration formulates the annual inspection index of travel agency business, organizes the annual inspection of travel agency business in a unified way, and the tourism administrative departments at all levels are responsible for the implementation.

Hotel management, in addition to the tourism authorities, public security, industry and commerce, price, environmental protection, health and quarantine, urban construction and urban management departments also supervise all kinds of tourist hotel enterprises according to their division of responsibilities.

As the main pillar industry of the tertiary industry, China tourism has obvious advantages in adjusting industrial structure, creating employment opportunities and narrowing the regional development gap. In recent years, the state has continuously introduced various tourism promotion policies to promote the rapid development of tourism.

Table main policies of tourism

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After the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in, tourism was hit. In view of the practical difficulties faced by the industry, the state and local governments have successively introduced relevant subsidies and support policies. At the national level, policies such as Notice on Actively Responding to the Impact of the Epidemic and Maintaining the Stability of Tour Guides, Notice on Temporarily Refunding Part of the Tourism Service Quality Margin to Support Travel Agencies to Deal with Operational Difficulties, and Guide to Prevention and Control Measures for Reopening Tourist Attractions have been issued. Local governments also give help to tourism enterprises around financial support, financial support, tax incentives, social security, property rent and other aspects to boost consumption and promote the recovery of the tourism market.

Chapter III Industry Valuation, Pricing Mechanism and Global Leading Enterprises

3. 1 comprehensive financial analysis and valuation method of the industry

Comprehensive Financial Analysis of Graphic Industry

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Figure Industry Valuation and Industry Historical Performance

Flush of data asset information network

Tourism valuation methods can choose price-earnings ratio valuation method, PEG valuation method, price-to-book ratio valuation method, price-to-book ratio valuation method, P/S marketing ratio valuation method, EV/EBITDA valuation method, DDM valuation method, DCF discounted cash flow method valuation method and so on.

3.2 Development and price-driven mechanism

Figure The Core Driving Factors of Tourism Development

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3.2. 1 tax exemption

With the growth of international tourists, the global duty-free market has maintained a sustained and steady growth.

Figure Global Duty Free Market Quotation

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Compared with the income scale of Korean duty-free giants Lotte and Silla, the gap between China and South Korea is still obvious. In 20 12, Silla's duty-free sales were twice that of China's, while Lotte's duty-free sales were 3.5 times that of China's. The sales of Korean duty-free giants mainly come from large duty-free shops and international airport hubs in the city. From the point of view of duty-free shops, except Sanya Dadonghai Duty-free Shop, there are many scattered duty-free shops that rely entirely on borders and airports (non-international hub airports), with small business area, few types of goods and low income contribution. Therefore, with the completion of Haitang Bay Duty Free City and the approval of Beijing and Shanghai Duty Free Shop in the future, there is still much room for improvement in the medium and long-term income scale of China Free.

3.2.2 Tourism performing arts

The tourism performing arts industry combines cultural performing arts with tourism, the target audience is tourists, and the program form is more prominent to promote local folk culture. China's tourism performing arts industry first came into being in 1980s. In order to receive visiting heads of state and government officials, Xi took the lead in launching the "Imitation of Tang Music and Dance" performing arts program in China, combining art performance with tourism culture, and creating a brand-new tourism performing arts industry. After entering the 1990s, the appearance of Shenzhen Overseas Chinese Town really combined tourism culture with performing arts programs, forming a brand-new tourism project. The Legend of Song in Hangzhou is also a representative of this period. By bringing performing arts programs into the theme park, the attraction is enhanced and the passenger flow is increased.

Image development of tourism performing arts industry

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There are four factors that affect the success or failure of tourism performing arts: product, price, marketing and location.

Judging from the practice of the existing tourism performing arts programs, the products (that is, the performance quality) include novelty, elegance, appreciation, and the combination with local national culture. ) and appropriate pricing are conducive to the smooth realization of the project's profitability and marketing (individual tourists have their own emphasis, and an all-round marketing system and positioning (affecting the profitability in the early stage of the performance and even the overall success or failure) are the four key factors that determine the success or failure of the tourism performing arts project.

hotel

Tu hotel brand

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Directly benefiting from the rapid development of the national economy and the improvement of people's living consumption level, the hotel industry in China keeps growing, and the hotel industry in China is gradually moving towards the era of large-scale and high-quality development. In recent years, the development of hotel industry in China presents obvious characteristics of internal structure differentiation. Luxury hotels, represented by five-star hotels, are suffering from the national restrictions on "three public" consumption and "eight central regulations", and their consumption demand is shrinking rapidly. At the same time, due to multiple factors such as high operating costs and the peak period of real estate investment, the development speed and scale growth speed of luxury hotels are declining year by year. After experiencing the peak of high-speed growth, budget hotels represented by chain hotels such as Home Inn and Hanting Hotel have entered the reshuffle stage due to serious homogenization and oversupply. The mid-to-high-end hotel industry benefits from the consumption upgrading and the rapid expansion of middle-class consumer groups, as well as the influence of consumption transfer of budget hotels and luxury hotels. In recent years, mid-to-high-end hotels have ushered in the era of industry dividends and maintained a rapid development trend for many years.

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3.2.4 outbound tourism

At present, the epidemic has been stably controlled in China, and China has once again become the most active tourist area in the world. Since April, domestic tourism has gradually recovered, individual and group travel in China is no longer subject to any restrictions, flight and train services have been restored to the pre-epidemic level, and exhibitions and conferences gathering a large number of people are also under way. As far as outbound tourism is concerned, China's outbound tourism takes the Asia-Pacific region and Europe as its main destinations, among which less crowded places and new destinations will be more popular. The trend of changing from outbound travel to domestic travel will continue, which will promote the further development of domestic travel. Especially in 20021,because some China tourists still have doubts about outbound travel, the proportion of wealthy people who can spend on leisure travel will further increase, and the products and services of local tourism service providers will be more diverse and mature.

scenic spot

Logic of Performance Growth of Listed Companies in Scenic Spots

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Online travel agency

The development of OTA has experienced a leap from PC to mobile to applet. Several giants of domestic online travel enterprises have formed and are constantly consolidating their own moats, such as Ctrip, which focuses on traffic, Flying Pig, which focuses on big data, and HNA, which focuses on its own system; And they have developed offline, sunk to third-and fourth-tier cities, and even opened up overseas space. From the trend, online travel has entered a new stage of platform and centralized development.

Food and Beverages

Under the background of the rapid development of diversified catering industry, group meals and takeout, and convenience stores, the demand for standardized ingredients has increased rapidly for the sake of timeliness and economy. The development of catering industry is mainly influenced by its own economic development level, service quality and innovation consciousness.

3.3 Competition analysis

3.3. 1 tax exemption

Digital competition analysis of duty-free shops

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performing arts

In the tourism performing arts industry, theme parks have the strongest performing arts profitability, with only 9% cinemas contributing 46% of the domestic box office revenue of tourism performing arts.

SWOT analysis of current tourism industry

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hotel

At present, the chain rate and concentration of hotel industry in China are relatively low. In terms of the number of rooms, the hotel chain rate in China is only 24.9% in, which is lower than the global market's 4 1. 1% and far lower than the United States' 7 1.8%. Although the hotel chain rate in China is difficult to reach the level of developed countries due to the differences in market development time, consumption habits, brand loyalty and owners' preferences, compared with 70% ceilings in the US market, there is still much room for improvement.

Comparison chart of hotel chain rate between China and the world

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In recent years, the chain rate and leading concentration of hotel industry in China have been continuously improved.

Figure Chain Rate of China Hotel Industry

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3.3.4 outbound tourism

Compared with overseas countries, the penetration rate of China's outbound travel is still at a low level.

Figure Penetration level of domestic outbound tourism

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scenic spot

Under the situation of intensified competition on the supply side and upgrading consumption on the demand side, the traditional single scenic spot has great performance pressure. The upper limit of passenger flow is restricted by the carrying capacity of scenic spots. In the absence of major changes in the holiday system, passenger flow in peak season is unbearable. The risk coefficient of force majeure scenic spots are affected by passenger flow, which is affected by objective factors and subjective wishes of departure and destination. Therefore, the scenic spot is a fragile system in the face of natural and man-made disasters, heavy rain and heat, currency purchasing power and consumption upgrading. The exploitable area in the scenic spot is limited, and any form of development and construction activities are prohibited in the core area and buffer area of the nature reserve; Development and construction activities carried out in the experimental area of nature reserves shall not affect their functions or destroy their natural resources or landscapes.

Online travel agency

Figure China Online Travel Agency Market Share

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20 15 10, "Ctrip" acquired "Qunar" by way of share exchange, and Baidu became the largest shareholder of Ctrip. The merger has a far-reaching impact on the OTA market in China, and the competition pattern has changed from two strong players to one dominant player. OTA has a natural monopoly attribute, and Ctrip relies on the first-Mover advantage to form a consortium monopoly.

Food and Beverages

Analysis of Tubot's Five Forces to Catering Industry

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3.4 China tourism enterprises

Table China Tourism Listed Companies Table

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3.5 Important global competitors

World Tourism Association and Euromonitor Top Global Tourism Cities 100

List major listed companies in overseas tourism industry

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_ InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG) is a global hotel group, operating and franchising more than 4,400 hotels and more than 660,000 rooms in more than 65,438+000 countries and regions around the world. Intercontinental Hotels Group is the largest and most widely distributed professional hotel management group in the world, with many internationally renowned hotel brands such as Intercontinental, Crowne Plaza and Holiday Inn and more than 55 years of international hotel management experience.

_ TUI Group (TUIAG: a german company that provides comprehensive and integrated tourism services through its subsidiaries. The company's core business includes selling wholesale customers (such as travel agencies, travel agencies and individual customers' flight and cruise tickets, travel and hotel accommodation as a single component or packaged travel through Internet portals and their operator brands (such as Tui and Thomson). Its products include hotels, cruise ships, airlines, airplanes, travel agencies, tour operators and online portals. Its activities are divided into two core parts: tourism and other business. The tourism business part includes the core business activities of the company, which is divided into three regions: the northern region, the central region and the western region. Other business parts are composed of hotel bed group and expert group. The company is active all over the world, mainly in Britain, Western Europe and Russia.

_ Carnival Cruise (Carnival: It is the first super luxury cruise company in the world with a huge luxury cruise fleet. The main product is FunShip. The fleet sails and operates in Europe, the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, Mexico and the Bahamas throughout the year; Seasonal routes include Alaska, Hawaii, Panama Canal and Canadian sea routes. Provide a variety of leisure facilities, innovative decoration, spacious cabin.

_ Sands Group (LASVEGASSANDSCORP) is a global developer of comprehensive resorts, developing multi-functional holiday destinations integrating accommodation, gambling, entertainment, retail, conference and exhibition facilities, famous chefs' restaurants and other facilities. Its operation and development activities are mainly carried out in China, Macau, Singapore and the United States. Its company ownership includes: TheVenetianMacao, Four Seasons Macau Hotel, theFourSeasonsHotelMacao and Plaza Casino managed by Four Seasons Macau Hotel Co., Ltd.

Chapter IV Future Industry Outlook

Tourism is an important part of the tertiary industry and one of the fastest-growing emerging industries in the world, and it is known as "sunrise industry".

Under the new pattern, there will be three new views on the criteria for judging scenic companies.

Under the background of consumption upgrading and value-driven, outbound tourism will enter the stage of quality, the O2O application of new tourism retail will be more extensive, and the online channels of travel agencies will be integrated with offline stores. The destination tourism service platform will rise, connecting people and services accurately.

With the improvement of the current vacation system and the implementation of the paid vacation system, a huge domestic tourism consumption market will be formed. While maintaining the competitiveness of international tourism, domestic tourism and outbound tourism will enter a period of rapid development. With the sustained and rapid growth of China's economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, while traditional sightseeing tourism continues to grow, leisure and holiday tourism will develop rapidly.

In the future, under the catalysis of social media such as Tik Tok, WeChat and Weibo, information will spread faster, which is expected to accelerate the promotion of personalized tourism and online celebrity destinations after 90 s and 00 s, which is of great significance.

In the new stage of development, China's tourism industry is in a critical period of development, with both important development opportunities and severe challenges. In the future, China's tourism industry should complete three tasks: promoting the construction of the tourism industry system, comprehensively improving the quality of the tourism industry and giving full play to the functions of the tourism industry, so as to achieve the strategic goals of building a world tourism power and cultivating new important industries.

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