What are the traditional Chinese inspirational education and ancient ideas of moral education

The idea of moral education in ancient China originated very early, and the idea of moral education existed in the period of Yao and Shun. The idea of moral education in traditional Chinese culture germinated under the system of Chinese feudal society.... And it grew and developed under the feudal society, which was a social form of patriarchal system bound by blood relations.

And is highly decentralized small peasant economy and exceptionally centralized authoritarian rule as the main feature. In this historical context, not only is traditional Chinese culture unique... And it is also compatible with the traditional moral education thought also shows a unique characteristics. Ancient Chinese traditional moral education thought has the following characteristics:

1, internal saint and external king, the cultivation of the body as the basis

Traditional moral education thought in China has always emphasized the moral cultivation function, that is, through the individual's moral cultivation, inspired by the individual's internal moral self-awareness, and supervise the individual to constantly carry out the self-moral character of the cultivation of the moral character. So as to become a real person with moral conscience. Confucius believed that "cultivating oneself with respect" was the first step to becoming a gentleman.

The so-called "cultivating oneself with respect" refers to practicing one's own morality with sincerity and respect in one's daily work and life. Only with a sincere and respectful heart for moral cultivation can we tolerate what others cannot tolerate and not be confused by materialistic desires. Like Yan Hui, "a round of food, a scoop of water, in the ugly alley.

People can't bear their worries, but they don't change their happiness. Yan Hui was living in the ugly alley, with nothing to eat and nothing to drink, but only a bowl of rice and a dipper to drink, which was unbearable for people. Yan Hui, however, did not change his happiness; some people asked him what he was doing in such a difficult situation. He said he was not happy to be poor, but happy to be on the road.

Confucius had praised him again and again, saying, "Virtuous back also, virtuous back also." The "inner saint and outer king" is the fundamental characteristic of Confucianism. The so-called "inner saint" is to cultivate one's own character with a view to accomplishing a sage personality; the so-called "outer king" is to rule the world with a view to establishing immortal achievements for the benefit of the people. The classic Confucian work "University" elaborates the moral education program and steps of Confucianism "based on the cultivation of one's moral character".

For example, the "materialism" is the starting point of moral education, "the materialism and then know to know, know to know and then intentionally sincere. The heart is right after the intention of sincerity. The heart is right and then body repair". It means that moral cultivation must start from "learning things and knowing things", i.e. recognizing moral norms, and gradually transforming from recognizing moral norms to forming moral beliefs. That is, "sincerity and correctness of mind", in order to ultimately achieve the purpose of restraining one's own behavior, i.e., cultivating one's own body. Whether from the individual physical and mental development, or from the law of moral development, this view is in line with the law of individual moral psychological development; the same.

The University of the world, as mentioned in the "Qi family, rule the country, peace" are all achieved through the "cultivation of the body". Traditional Chinese moral education places great emphasis on the role of moral conviction. It can be said that emphasizing the self-discipline of moral education is not only the fine tradition of moral education in our nation, but also in line with the law of development of moral education.

2. Combination of knowledge and action, behavior-based

The traditional Chinese view of moral education emphasizes the organic combination of knowledge and action, that is to say, it stresses the organic combination of moral cognition and moral practice, and advocates behavior-based moral education. Zi Ri: "Na in words but sensitive to action"; "gentleman shame his words but over his actions". That is to say, moral cultivation can not just stay in words. Must be combined with actual behavior.

Zhu Xi pointed out: "Knowledge and action are often necessary, such as eyes without feet can not. Foot without eyes can not see", that is, the relationship between knowledge and action is a vivid expression of the image. Wang Shouren once said: "the true knowledge that is so for the line, not enough to be called knowledge", is to emphasize the importance of the unity of knowledge and action. Wang Yangming also believed that "the street is full of saints", everyone can become a saint, there is only one way - "practice".

3, based on the current, ambitious

"University" said: "the ancient desire to brighten the world. First rule their country; want to rule their country. The first flush his family; want to flush his family, first repair his body; want to repair his body. First correct his heart; want to correct his heart. Sincerity first; to be sincere in their intentions, the first to achieve their knowledge; to know in the object. After the object and knowledge to... Knowledge and then sincere intention, sincere intention and then the heart is correct, the heart is correct and then body repair. After the body repair and after the family, family and after the rule of the country. The world will be peaceful after the country is ruled."

Meaning. To show their character to the world of people, first of all to govern their own country; to govern the country of people, first of all to fix their own family; to fix the family of people. The first thing to do is to improve their own cultivation; to improve their moral cultivation, the first thing to do is to rectify their own hearts; to rectify their own hearts.

The first thing to do is to make one's intention honest; to make one's intention honest, the first thing to do is to acquire a wealth of knowledge; and to acquire a wealth of knowledge lies in the exhaustive investigation of the principles of things. Herein lies the eight entries of the Great Learning, namely, to comprehend things, to realize knowledge, to be sincere in one's intentions, to correct one's mind, to cultivate one's body, to unify one's family, to rule the country, and to pacify the world.

That is to say, everyone should have the ambition to aspire to a great cause. Zixia, a student of Confucius, said: "To serve and excel is to learn, and to learn and excel is to serve"; Confucius made it clear that officials should "govern with virtue. Like the North Star. Residing in its place, but the stars arched". This is more profoundly embodied in the exposition of Mencius: "The Son of Heaven is not benevolent. The Son of Heaven is not benevolent; he does not protect the four seas; the vassals are not benevolent, they do not protect the gods of earth and grain; the ministers are not benevolent. Do not protect the temple; common people are not benevolent, do not protect the four bodies." True. To realize the above moral ideals, we should start from a little bit of small things. One step at a time.

If a person is not even willing to do the "dawn that is up, sweeping the court" of small things. And how can we talk about governing the country? Therefore, our moral education must inspire the formation of educated people "do not take the good small, do not take the evil small" moral heart, the world's moral ideals, so as to achieve the "inner saint and outer king" moral purpose.