How do you make Peking Opera masks?

It is a painting on the faces of China opera actors, which is used as a cosmetic plastic art in stage performances.

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The main features of Facebook are: first, the contradiction between beauty and ugliness is unified; Second, it is closely related to the character; Third, its model is stylized.

Facebook has different situations for different industries. The facial makeup of Sheng and Dan is simple, and a little powder is applied, which is called handsome disguise, plain face and cleansing. However, the facial makeup of "Jingxing" and "Ugly Xing" is more complicated, especially Jingxing, both of which have a lot of complicated patterns, so they are called "painting faces". Facial makeup in Chinese drama mainly refers to clean facial makeup.

The facial makeup art of Chinese Peking Opera is a favorite art category of Chinese opera lovers, which is popular at home and abroad and is recognized as a symbol of China traditional culture.

Facebook comes from the stage, and people can see different styles of Facebook images on some large buildings, commodity packaging, various porcelains and clothes people wear. This is far beyond the scope of stage application, which shows the position of Facebook art in people's minds and shows that Facebook has strong vitality. Many international friends and people of insight in China, out of curiosity and love for China's opera facial makeup, are exploring the mystery of facial makeup.

Categories of Facebook

The facial makeup you see can be roughly divided into two categories, one is artistic facial makeup. This kind of facial makeup is based on the author's own thinking and imagination. On the plaster surface, the author uses painting, weaving, embroidery and other methods to make facial makeup products with different shapes and changeable color patterns. This kind of facial makeup has certain ornamental value! The other is practical facial makeup on the stage. This kind of facial makeup is based on the plot and the needs of the characters in the play. Actors use exaggerated methods to sketch different colors, patterns and patterns on their faces.

The origin of Facebook

There are several theories about the origin of stage masks. One is a musical drama that originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. Also called bedding face or bedding face. It is unique for men to praise the merits and virtues of the warrior Lan Ling. It is said that Gao Changgong, the warrior Lan Ling, is brave and good at fighting, and looks like a woman. Every time he goes out, he wears an evil mask and wins many battles. People created men's solo dances to praise the warrior Lan Ling, and they also wore masks. China opera actors sketch masks on the stage, which helps to enhance the character, appearance and status of the roles they play, realize rich stage colors and beautify the stage. The stage mask is the harmonious unity of thoughts and impressions in people's minds.

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The red face symbolizes loyalty, faithfulness and blood, such as Guan Yu in The Three Kingdoms Opera and Wu Han in Cut the Sutra Hall.

Others: satire, which means false good people.

Guan Yu (red face)

Black face shows a serious character, unsmiling, such as Bao Zheng in Bao Gong's drama. It also symbolizes strength, rudeness and boldness, such as Zhang Fei in the Three Kingdoms Opera, Li Kui jy in the Water Margin Opera and Jiao Zan in Yang Paifeng.

Others: indicates yin in yin and yang. Used of ghosts. Black skin or ugly face.

Zhang Fei (black cross butterfly face)

White face is treacherous and suspicious, such as Cao Cao in the Three Kingdoms Opera and Yan Song in Yan Song.

Cao Cao (white face)

Blue face shows upright and upright character, such as Ma Wu in "Going to the Roof" and Dou Erdun in "Comics".

Douerdun (blue flowers and three tiles)

Purple face is solemn, steady and full of sense of justice, such as Xu in the Second Palace and Zhuan Xu in the Fishbone Sword.

Others: bad complexion, ugly.

Zhang He (purple three-tile face)

The golden face symbolizes strength and majesty, and represents an immortal role. Such as Tathagata and Erlang God in a noisy paradise.

Dapeng (golden elephant face)

The young man is brave and fearless. Such as: Xu Shiying in Baishui Beach.

Others: outlaws.

Others are yellow-faced, pink-faced and silver-faced.

"Facebook" refers to the colorful makeup on the actors' faces in China's traditional dramas. This kind of facial makeup is mainly used for clean (face painting) and ugly (clown). It has a certain format in form, color and type. A professional audience can tell whether the character is a hero or a bad guy, smart or stupid, and likes or hates Facebook. The charming facial makeup of Peking Opera occupies a special position in the numerous facial makeup of China's plays. Peking Opera facial makeup is famous for its symbolism and exaggeration. It uses exaggerated and distorted graphics to express the character characteristics of the role. Eyes, foreheads and cheeks are usually painted as wings of bats, butterflies or swallows, with exaggerated mouths and noses to create the required facial effects.

The history of Facebook

Facebook has a long history. Facial makeup originated from masks, which draw figures directly on the face, while masks draw or cast figures on other things and then stick them on the face. In ancient China, there were witch dances and Nuo dances in sacrificial activities, and dancers often wore masks. Among the cultural relics unearthed in Sanxingdui, an ancient Shu place north of Chengdu, Sichuan, there are dozens of bronze masks, which were used by Yu Fu, an ancient Shu king, to hold sacrificial ceremonies 4000 years ago. Lan Ling, a warrior of the Northern Qi Dynasty, is slender, respectful, fierce and skilled in martial arts, but looks like a beautiful woman. He wore a mask to help him in the battle. In the Tang Dynasty song and dance "The Warrior Lanling Ensemble", the actor who plays the Warrior Lanling should wear a mask. This may be the origin of facial makeup in drama.

Related records

In ancient times, there were simple symbols on masks, "concept symbols" and "emoticons", which were used to express a certain concept or expression. In the play, these symbols are painted directly on the face to express more complex and rich thoughts and expressions. There was a record of "painting faces" in the Tang Dynasty. Meng Jiao wrote in Xian Ge Xing: "A thin ghost paints his face but his teeth are white", which shows that the image of ghosts and gods is expressed by painting his face. The sixth volume of Qing Zhi of the Northern Gate Society of Song and Xu Dynasties records that two courtiers used "black powder as the best play" and they confused the emperor with vulgar words. In the Song Dynasty, "painting" was divided into "net" and "face", and painting was also very simple. Draw a white nose and red eye circle for the purpose of "funny". Because in the Song Dynasty's zaju, Ke Opera accounted for a large proportion. Yuan Zaju was very popular in the Yuan Dynasty. In the large-scale mural "Dou Xiu, a loyal and righteous man, works here", the spectrum of "full face" appears in the front figures of Yuan Zaju, which breaks through the basic style of white background and black line in the past and has a certain personality color.

The Ming Dynasty has been the world where Kunqu Opera performed legendary dramas, with rich performances and fine division of labor, which can be divided into pure (big face), deputy pure (two faces) and ugly (three faces). Both clean and ugly draw faces, and each character has a special score. Its background color is mostly designed according to the description in rap literature or the actor's own imagination. For example, Guan Yu's background color is red, while Bao Gong's background color is black. Its basic spectrum is an exaggerated eyebrow-eye part. In the Ming dynasty, people kept their hair and painted their faces below their foreheads. In the Qing dynasty, people braided their hair, shaved their heads above their foreheads and painted their faces above their foreheads. The scale of the model has also changed. Compared with the Ming dynasty, facial makeup is complex and simple, with the same background color. In the mid-Qing Dynasty, local operas rose, and the clean and ugly faces varied greatly from place to place, with obvious local characteristics and folk art flavor. There are about 300 kinds of local operas, most of which rose after18th century. With the prosperity of local operas, the number of characters in the repertoire is increasing and the division of labor is becoming more and more detailed. In addition to positive network and negative network, Jason Wu is added to the network cable. The colors are blue, green, yellow, gray and orange.

Classification of Facebook

Facial makeup can be divided into four basic types according to coloring methods: rubbing, hooking, wiping and breaking.

Rub your face: dignified and powerful, with overall color as the main color, which is achieved by aggravating the texture of the five senses. This is a very old form of facial makeup.

Hook surface: colorful, rich in patterns, complex and beautiful, colorful, and some are also gold-plated and silver-plated, which is gorgeous.

Wipe your face: There are many light colors, which means that your face should be powdered, and you can't show your true colors, highlighting the nature of treacherous bad guys.

Disfigurement: The face is asymmetrical, and the left and right sides are different, which means that the face is ugly or more than a villain.

According to the arrangement of Facebook, Facebook is divided into the following four types:

Full face: the most primitive form of facial makeup, which divides the face into two parts: forehead and face with double eyebrows.

Three-tile face: on the basis of the whole face, divide the face into two masks with the nose and mouth.

Flower three-tile face: Artistic the boundary edge of three-tile face, and add various patterns of facial makeup.

Broken surface: a variant of three-tile surface, whose boundary edge is very flowery, which destroys the original outline.

The style of facial makeup

Facial patterns are very rich, generally divided into forehead, eyebrow, orbit, nasal fossa, mouth fork and floor of mouth. The mode of each part is different, regular and inconclusive, such as:

Bao Zheng has a white crescent on his black forehead, which means he is honest. Meng Liang has a red gourd on his forehead, indicating that he likes drinking. Wen Zhong and Yang Jian painted three eyes, which originated from classical legends. Genies, sand gods and leopards are multifaceted, highlighting their ghostly characteristics. Yang has a traditional "tiger" on his forehead, which shows that he is brave and invincible. Zhao Kuangyin's dragon eyebrows are the real dragon emperor. There is a lightning pattern on Lei Gong's face. Jiang Wei painted a picture of Yin and Yang on his forehead, indicating a clever plan. Xia Houdun's eye socket was injured by an arrow, so he drew a red dot. Dou Erdun, Dian Wei and others all have their best weapon patterns on their faces. Wang drew a toad, indicating that it was the reincarnation of a water beast. Zhao Gongming painted on money to show that he was a god of wealth. The big dipper drew a picture of the seven stars on his forehead.

The role of Facebook

The function of Facebook can not only show the character, but also hint at various situations of the character. For example, Xiang Yu's eyes are painted as "crying face", implying his tragic ending, Bao Gong's frown implies that he is in trouble, and the Monkey King's monkey-shaped face implies that he is a monkey. Another function is "distance", which opens the psychological distance between the drama and the audience. The picture on the face makes the audience can't tell the true face of the actor. It looks very different from the real person in life, like wearing a mask. This makes it difficult for the audience to "get into the play" and avoid hallucinations, but concentrate on aesthetics and appreciation. In addition, the simultaneous appearance of "big face painting" and "handsome disguise" is in sharp contrast, highlighting the handsome appearance and ugly grotesque appearance of life and Dan. At the same time, the thick and bright oil painting pigments and masks with various patterns, coupled with the rough voice of Roar, have formed a strong artistic stimulus, which has played a role in inspiring, venting and vibrating the audience.

Facebook is not absolutely fixed, but slightly different because of different plays, the ages of characters and the faces of actors. In addition, when an actor draws a face, there is also a principle, that is, the role that is present at the same time.