How to clearly state the teaching objectives?

Teaching objectives refer to the expected learning results of students in teaching activities. In order to overcome the fuzziness of teaching goal statement, psychologists put forward the theory of behavior goal and goal expression which combines psychology and behavior.

(1) behavior goal

Behavior goal refers to the teaching goal stated by observable and measurable behavior. There are three elements in the statement of behavioral goals. ① Specific objectives, that is, using behavioral verbs to describe the observable and measurable concrete behaviors formed by students through teaching. (2) production conditions, that is, the conditions of students' behavior. (3) the standard of behavior, that is, to put forward the standard of behavior that meets the requirements of behavior.

(2) the goal of combining psychology with behavior.

According to cognitive learning theory, the essence of students' learning in teaching activities is internal psychological changes. But the internal psychological changes cannot be directly observed. So someone put forward the goal statement method combining internal psychology and external behavior. The teaching goal expressed in this way consists of two parts: the first part is the general teaching goal, which uses a verb to describe the internal changes produced by students through teaching, such as memory, perception, understanding, creation and appreciation; The second part is the specific teaching goal, which lists the specific behavior examples, that is, the explicit behavior that students can reflect the internal psychological changes through teaching.

In short, a clear teaching goal must meet three basic requirements. First, the teaching goal should state the changes of students' internal psychological state after certain learning activities, such as the improvement of ability, the improvement of attitude, the establishment of correct values, etc., rather than the behavior of teachers; Second, clear educational goals should reflect students' learning types, such as knowledge, skills and social norms. Even if it is the same learning type, it should reflect the level of students' mastery. For example, the goal in the field of knowledge should reflect three levels: memory, understanding and application; Third, the statement of teaching objectives should be clear and specific, easy to observe and measure, and try to avoid using vague and unrealistic language to state teaching objectives.