What forms does a country have?

Organizational form of state power (regime)

The meaning of political power and the basic types of contemporary state power. Understanding: the relationship between state system and political power

1, regime and its relationship with state system

(1) The meaning of political power: refers to the organizational form of state power, that is, what form the ruling class takes to organize its own political organs.

(2) The relationship between regime and state system: state system determines regime; The regime reflects the national system (the relationship between content and form). An appropriate and sound political system plays a very important role in maintaining and consolidating the ruling position of the ruling class. Therefore, the ruling class has always attached great importance to the form of political organization and constantly improved its own country's political system.

(3) The factors that determine the political system: the state system; Historical conditions, class power contrast, traditional habits and international environment are different, so the regime has certain relative independence.

"Relativity" means that the regime is determined by the national system, and "independence" includes: ① countries with different national systems may adopt similar regimes; 2 countries with the same state system may adopt different regimes; (3) In the same country, the national system has not changed fundamentally, and different regimes may be adopted in different historical development periods.

2. The basic types of contemporary national government.

(1) Constitutional monarchy

The meaning of constitutional monarchy: the political organization form of capitalist countries with hereditary monarch (king, emperor and queen) as the head of state, and the power of monarch is restricted according to the constitution. Its appearance is the result of mutual compromise between the bourgeoisie and the feudal landlord class.

② The main form of contemporary constitutional monarchy: parliamentary monarchy.

(3) The main features of parliamentary monarchy:

Parliament has the power to legislate, organize and supervise the government.

B. The monarch is a symbolic head of state, and most of his duties are ceremonial, such as visiting on behalf of the country and signing legal documents; (symbolic and ceremonial)

C, the government (cabinet) holds the executive power, which is produced by the parliament and is responsible to the parliament.

(4) Major countries implementing parliamentary monarchy: Britain is the first typical country implementing parliamentary monarchy in the world; Japan, Thailand, Belgium, Spain, Sweden, Norway

(2) Democracy and system

① The meaning of democratic and harmonious system: refers to the political organization form in which state power organs and heads of state are elected and have a certain term of office. This is the system adopted by most capitalist countries.

(2) Types of democratic harmony in capitalist countries: presidential harmony; Parliamentary system and system

(3) The main features of parliamentary system and system:

A parliament has the power to legislate, organize and supervise the government (cabinet).

B. The government (Cabinet) is composed of political parties or coalitions of political parties with a majority of seats in the Parliament, and the government is responsible to the Parliament. When the parliament passed the motion of no confidence to the government, the government had to resign or petition the head of state to dissolve the parliament and re-elect.

C. As the head of state, the President has only a nominal position and no real power. (Virtual location, nominal) (Italy, Germany, Finland, Austria, India, Singapore)

(4) The main features of presidential system and system:

A the president is both the head of state and the head of government. The president is in charge of executive power and directs the armed forces.

B, the executive and the legislature are independent of each other, as the legislature of the parliament, its members can't concurrently hold administrative positions, and as government officials of the executive, they can't concurrently hold the position of members.

C, the government is organized by the elected president, whether the bourgeois political parties can come to power, the key is not whether they get a majority in parliament, but whether they can win the presidential election.

⑤ The reasons why most capitalist countries adopt a democratic and harmonious system are:

A the relationship between politics and economy: politics is the concentrated expression of economy, and a certain political system is based on and serves a certain economic foundation. The foundation of capitalist democracy is the private ownership of capitalist means of production; It adapts to the objective requirements of the socialization and commercialization of capitalist production, and promotes the development of capitalist economy and social progress.

B. the relationship between the state system and the regime: the state system determines the regime and the regime reflects the state system. An appropriate and sound regime plays an important role in maintaining and consolidating the ruling position of the ruling class. The capitalist democratic and harmonious system is the product of the bourgeoisie's thorough struggle against the feudal autocracy, which has eradicated the scourge of the feudal autocracy from the system, is conducive to regulating the contradictions among various groups within the bourgeoisie, safeguarding the fundamental interests of the capitalist democratic system and the bourgeoisie, and is conducive to the consolidation and development of capitalist countries. So Lenin said: "Democracy and harmony are the best political shell that capitalism can take."

6. The political system of socialist countries is democratic and harmonious.

1. This is determined by the economic basis of socialist public ownership of the means of production and the national nature of the proletariat.

B, due to the different specific conditions of socialist countries, the specific forms of democracy and harmony in socialist countries are also diverse.

C, China's political organization form is the people's congress system.