What are the guiding ideology, content, advantages and disadvantages of Taylor's scientific management theory?

1, labor quota principle

Taylor believes that the central issue of management is to improve labor productivity. In order to improve work performance, he suggested that enterprises should set up departments or institutions to set quotas. Such an institution is not only necessary in management, but also necessary in economy.

In order to work out the "reasonable daily workload" of workers scientifically, it is necessary to carry out labor action research and work research through various tests and measurements. According to the completion quota, the differential piece-rate wage system is implemented, so that the contribution of workers is closely linked to the wage level.

2. Choose first-class workers

In order to improve labor productivity, first-class workers must be selected to work, which is not only an important idea put forward by Taylor in Principles of Scientific Management, but also an important principle put forward by him for enterprise personnel management.

For first-class workers, Taylor explained: "I don't think those who can work but don't want to work can become what I call' first-class workers'." I have tried to explain that every type of worker can find some jobs and make him a first-class worker except those who are completely capable of doing these jobs and are unwilling to do them. "

3. Standardization principle

Taylor believes that scientific management is a combination of various elements that existed in the past. He collected old knowledge, analyzed it, combined it and classified it into laws and regulations, thus forming a science.

The potential of workers to improve labor productivity is very great, and human potential will not come out automatically. How can we maximize this potential? The method is to summarize and combine the workers' accumulated experience and knowledge with traditional skills for many years, and then analyze and compare them to find out which are * * * and laws, and then use the above principles to standardize them, thus forming a scientific method.

4, piecework wage system

Set up a special quota setting department. The main task of this department is to make a scientific calculation, formulate a standard system and determine a reasonable labor quota and an appropriate wage rate through the study of piece-rate wages and working hours, thus changing the past method of relying on estimation and experience.

Set the differential wage rate. That is, different wage rates are adopted according to whether the workers have completed the quota or not.

Wages are paid to workers, not according to positions and types of work. In other words, everyone's salary is calculated according to his skills and the labor he pays as much as possible, not according to his position.

5. Close cooperation between employers and employees

Taylor pointed out in the book Principles of Scientific Management: "Close, cordial and personal cooperation between employers and workers is the essence of modern science or responsibility management." He believes that without the close cooperation between employers and employees, any scientific management system and method will be difficult to implement and play a role.

6. Establish a special planning layer.

Taylor separated the function of planning from the function of execution, changed the method of working by experience and replaced it with a scientific working method, that is, finding out the standard, making the standard, and then doing things according to the standard. In order to ensure the completion of management tasks, the special planning department should undertake the work of finding and formulating standards.

7. Functional foreman system

Taylor not only proposed to separate the planning function from the execution function, but also proposed that the military organization in the enterprise at that time must be abolished and replaced by a "functional" organization, and "functional management" should be implemented. Taylor's functional foreman system is formed by further refining the division of labor according to the specific operation process of workers.

8. Exceptional principle

The so-called exception principle refers to the fact that senior managers of enterprises entrust ordinary daily affairs to subordinate managers, while retaining the decision-making power and control power of exceptions to general important matters. This exception principle is still one of the most important principles in management.

Advantages: 1 For the first time in history, management has been upgraded from experience to science. 2. The concept of efficiency optimization and scientific investigation and research methods.

Disadvantages: 1 Taylor is wrong about the workers. 2. "Taylor system" only solves the operational efficiency problem of individual specific work, but does not solve the overall problem of the enterprise.

Extended data

Scientific management theory is obviously a comprehensive concept. It is not only an idea, an idea, but also a specific operating procedure and a specific operating guide.

They are: First, replace the old experience management method with the scientific division method of each work element; Secondly, the scientific method of employee selection, training and development has replaced the previous practice of post selection and arbitrary training; Third, communicate with workers frequently to ensure that everything they do conforms to the principle of scientific management; Finally, managers and workers should have basically equal scope of work and responsibilities. Managers will shoulder their due responsibilities, and in the past, almost all the work and most of the responsibilities were placed on workers.

Since the 20th century, scientific management has been very popular in America and Europe. For more than 90 years, scientific management thought still plays a great role. Of course, Taylor's scientific management theory also has some limitations, such as the research scope is relatively small, the content is relatively narrow, and it focuses on production management. In addition, Taylor did not set foot in the management, marketing, marketing and finance of modern enterprises. More importantly, the limitation of his hypothesis of human nature, that is, he thinks that man is only an economic man, which undoubtedly limits Taylor's vision and height. But these are exactly what the management masters after Taylor need to create new management theories to supplement.

Refer to Taylor's scientific management theory Baidu Encyclopedia