The relationship between international trade and modern logistics?

Harvard Business School's Michael? Professor Porter believes that the creation of a competitive industrial cluster is not an easy task, and it takes many efforts to achieve success. Government policies play an active role in the formation, development and maturity of the industry, thus promoting the healthy, stable and sustainable development of the industry.

Modern logistics industry is a combination of traditional and emerging industrial forms, is the result of the deepening of the social division of labor. Logistics industry and other industries of the national economy have close industrial links, is the effective realization of social reproduction, improve the quality and efficiency of the national economy, improve the comprehensive strength and competitiveness of the national economy is an important basic industry. In the context of economic global integration, the development level of modern logistics enterprises is a symbol of the comprehensive economic strength of a country or region. The development of modern logistics industry will promote industrial upgrading and structural optimization, promote the optimal allocation of logistics activities and resources at the regional and national levels, and realize the quality, efficiency and competitiveness goals of national or regional economic development. For this vast systematic project, the regulating hand of government policy is absolutely indispensable.

The development process of Japan's logistics industry confirms this point of view, the Japanese government through the establishment and improvement of logistics-related laws and policies at different levels in order to promote and protect the rapid and benign development of regional logistics. Since 1965, the Japanese government has been planning and financing the establishment of four modern logistics bases, namely, Kasai, Heiwajima, Itabashi and Ashikaga, in the east, west, north and south of Tokyo. These logistics bases have played a vital role in the economic recovery of Tokyo and Japan as a whole. This shows the importance of a scientific and rational government policy system in improving the competitiveness of an industry (especially a new industry).

The strategic significance of the policy system for the development of China's logistics industry

China's logistics industry is still in the "introductory period", which also means that the opportunity to learn and catch up and space, that is to say, China's logistics industry, relative to other developed countries, the logistics industry, there are "Late-comer advantage". Of course, the late-comer advantage is only a potential to realize the necessary conditions for catching up, to make full use of the late-comer advantage and play, the government of the latecomer countries must also create a favorable system and policy environment. Developed countries have attached great importance to the timely introduction of logistics development policies to escort the logistics industry. For example, the Comprehensive Logistics Policy Framework formulated by the Japanese Government in April 1997 has played an important role in guiding the development of the logistics industry in the country. Therefore, we can fully learn from the United States, Japan and other countries in the development of the logistics industry on the basis of experience, combined with China's specific circumstances, through the adjustment of existing policies that do not adapt to the development of the formulation of policies and measures conducive to the development of logistics, so as to give full play to the logistics industry's "latecomer's advantage", to promote the development of China's modern logistics industry. Specifically, through the implementation of the logistics industry policy, the state and the region to determine the development of China's logistics industry, macro-strategy and milestones, to promote China's logistics industry from the "introductory period" to the "maturity" high-speed transformation; coordination between the logistics industry and other industries, to support the weak logistics enterprises, and to promote the development of China's modern logistics industry, and to promote the development of China's modern logistics industry. structure, support weak logistics enterprises, transform traditional transportation and warehousing enterprises, optimize the structure of the logistics industry, and promote its development in the direction of advanced; promote the spatial layout of the modern logistics industry, regional division of labor, rationalization of the regional allocation and utilization of resources; establish a normal market order and improve the performance of the logistics market; accelerate the construction of basic hardware and software facilities in the logistics industry, and support the high-speed and efficient development of the logistics industry. efficient development.

Logistics industry policy system

At present, the modern logistics industry has attracted great attention from Chinese leaders and governments at all levels. The central and local governments have also issued relevant logistics development policies. 2004, the National Development and Reform Commission and other nine ministries and commissions issued the Opinions on Promoting the Development of China's Modern Logistics Industry, which plays a guiding role in the formulation of logistics industrial policies. Generally speaking, industrial policy is mainly composed of three major aspects: industrial structure policy, industrial organization policy and industrial development policy. In this paper, we divide the logistics policy system into three modules of supportive, guiding and developmental policies according to the functions of industrial policies. As shown in Figure 1.

I. Supportive policy system

Logistics is a composite industry, but also a new industry, the development of the logistics industry is closely related to the construction of infrastructure and related supporting environment. The supportive policy system aims to provide a basic platform for the development of the logistics industry, which mainly includes:

1. Logistics industrial policy

It is suggested that, on the basis of the existing logistics industrial policy system, all kinds of local protection, regional blockade, industry monopoly and market segmentation policies that do not conform to the principle of market competition and violate the provisions of national laws and regulations and impede the smooth flow of logistics should be abolished step by step, in order to build a unified development, fair competition, market segmentation, and to promote the development of the logistics industry and the development of the logistics industry. Strive to build a modern logistics market system with unified development, fair competition, standardization and orderliness. Standardize the market behavior of the logistics industry, the establishment of logistics service quality standards and industry norms.

2. Government Investment Policy

For the construction of large-scale investment in logistics infrastructure and supporting facilities, public **** information platforms and other public **** construction projects, the government can participate in the construction of investment, subsidies and other ways.

3. Enterprise financing policy

To give full play to the financial institutions to support the development of modern logistics enterprises in the leveraging role, reduce the cost of logistics enterprise financing. Support logistics enterprises to use domestic and foreign capital market financing or raise funds to develop socialized and specialized logistics enterprises. Logistics enterprises with good asset quality, good business management and growth potential should be supported and encouraged to go public. Various types of financial institutions should be effective and market logistics enterprises to give key support.

4. Land policy

The government can optimize the spatial layout of the logistics industry (logistics parks, logistics centers, distribution centers) by introducing preferential land policies, integrating the stock of resources, and encouraging logistics enterprises to move into the relevant logistics parks, giving full play to the government's macro-regulatory role in the development of the logistics industry to avoid duplication of construction of logistics enterprises, and to improve the utilization of resources.

5. Tax policy

Modern logistics industry includes different service forms and business categories, such as: transportation, warehousing, multimodal transportation and logistics agency, distribution processing, logistics information and consulting. It is recommended that the tax authorities actively conduct research and propose reasonable tax items and tax rates for the different forms of logistics industry, which are conducive to the sustainable and stable development of the logistics industry.

6. Transportation management policies

Opening up green channels for logistics, providing the convenience of passage and stopping in urban areas. Further improve the efficiency of cargo transportation and distribution, optimize the transshipment links between the logistics nodes, support logistics enterprises to provide "integrated, door-to-door" advanced logistics services, to achieve "smooth flow of goods".

Second, the guiding policy system

Logistics industry in China is still in the "introductory period", there is still a certain degree of blindness in the process of logistics infrastructure construction in various places. The guiding policy system aims to provide a rational development platform for the logistics industry. Specifically embodied in: guiding the rational division of labor of logistics industry in different regions; guiding the rational planning of logistics nodes; solving the problems brought about by the business operation system of industrial and commercial enterprises of "big and small", and improving the operation level of enterprise logistics; guiding the traditional transportation and warehousing enterprises to the development of modern logistics; and guiding the orderly development of logistics enterprises under the guidance of the government's macro-planning. Guiding logistics enterprises to develop in an orderly manner under the guidance of the government's macro-planning. Guiding policies mainly include:

1. Spatial layout guiding policies

Analyzing from the national macro-environment, China's economic development process presents obvious regional characteristics, and the central government can formulate relevant policies to guide the development of the regional logistics industry according to the different logistics needs of the east, the middle and the west. From the regional environment to analyze, the local government should also according to their own economic development model, to build a scientific and reasonable modern logistics system, the development of relevant land, services and other preferential policies, to guide different types of logistics enterprises stationed in the corresponding logistics parks, to avoid duplication of construction, to achieve economies of scale, and to promote the logistics enterprises to play the advantages of synergistic development.

2. Optimization of logistics industry structure guidance policy

Through various supportive policies, to guide the reasonable distribution of different types of logistics enterprises, **** the same development, optimization of logistics industry structure. In the next few years, to build a three-dimensional and efficient logistics industry structure based on highway, railroad, air and water freight enterprises, and vigorously develop multimodal logistics enterprises.

3. Policies guiding industrial and commercial enterprises to divest their logistics business

Through the implementation of policies, industrial and commercial enterprises are guided to divest their logistics business, improve the level of socialization and specialization of their logistics activities, and promote industrial and commercial enterprises to improve their core competitiveness; industrial and commercial enterprises are supported to carry out internal property right reform and system construction in order to improve the ability of enterprise management; industrial and commercial enterprises are encouraged to carry out asset reorganization, integrate various logistics resources, and set up independent accounting and logistics resources. logistics resources and set up independent accounting and self-financing logistics companies to fully reduce logistics costs and improve logistics operation efficiency.

Three, developmental policy system

Logistics enterprises are the market main body of the logistics industry, and the maturity of the logistics industry is synchronized with the development and growth of related logistics enterprises. Developmental policies aim to provide a platform for industrial upgrading of the logistics industry, which mainly include:

1. Encouragement of key logistics enterprises to grow bigger and stronger policies

Based on the evaluation of logistics enterprises, the development of key logistics enterprises will be supported through preferential policies such as financial support and land, and the logistics enterprises will be encouraged to go on the road of consolidation and merger to grow bigger and stronger, so as to promote the structural upgrading of the logistics industry. Upgrade.

2. Policies for introducing foreign first-class logistics enterprises

Creating a fair and just competitive environment for logistics enterprises, actively introducing foreign first-class logistics enterprises, expanding the opening up of the logistics field to the outside world, and encouraging large-scale foreign logistics enterprises to set up branch offices or offices in accordance with the relevant provisions of China's laws and regulations.

In addition, the formulation and implementation of the logistics industry policy system also requires certain safeguards, such as financial security, institutional security. We believe that, with the improvement of China's logistics policy system, logistics will increasingly play its national economy, "pillar type" industrial advantages.