The Tradition of Ci Poetry in the Early Northern Song Dynasty

First, the origin of Qu Zi's Ci in Song Dynasty:

Qu Zi is one of the early names of words. During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, a kind of tune was popular among Han people, which was also called Yuefu, Modern Yuefu, Music Movement, Qinqu, and also called poems, songs and long and short sentences. These names show the close relationship between words and music and their formal characteristics different from traditional poetry. This kind of music can be sung with lyrics, and the lyrics filled in are called lyrics.

China's ancient poems have always been closely related to music. For example, all the pre-Qin "Book of Songs" and "Songs of the South", as well as the Yuefu poems in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, were originally sung with music. However, music, especially entertainment music, is constantly changing. After the old music died out, the original lyrics became pure written works, and new music and new lyrics replaced them. For example, only a few people can sing the Book of Songs in the Han Dynasty, while most people can't sing in the Han Yuefu in the Six Dynasties. Ancient Yuefu poems written by people in the Six Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty were only for reading, not for singing.

Great changes have taken place in the music of the Tang Dynasty. In fact, this change had lasted for a long time before the Tang Dynasty, and its main feature was that "Hu Yue", especially Qiuci music from the western regions, was introduced into China in large quantities, and it was merged with various original music of the Han nationality, mainly Shang Qing music, and a new kind of music, Le Yan, was produced. "Yan" is connected with "banquet". Swallow music is a popular entertainment music between banquets. Performers and singers are low-level musicians and geisha with low cultural quality. The name "Le Yan" existed in the Sui Dynasty, but flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and its category was revised. Jiegu Lu contains 13 1 songs, most of which come from foreign songs, and are later used as lyrics, such as Su Mu, Zanpuzi, Hu Daolian, Bodhisattva Man and Ganzhou. Many songs used to be folk songs, such as Zhi Zhu, a folk song from Sichuan and Hunan, lonely geese, rhyming and so on. The two main sources of Yan music tunes have laid the literary characteristics of Yan music and its lyrics. In the process of singing, spreading and exerting its entertainment function, Qu Zi's ci further stabilized this literary creation feature. Lyrics are inherently vulgar, which is quite different from the orthodox aesthetic tradition based on elegance. The traditional education received by the majority of lyric writers and the aesthetic concepts subtly endowed by the historical society all play a conscious or unconscious role in their lyric appreciation and creation.

Second, the style characteristics of Qu-ti Ci in Song Dynasty: lyrics are written according to the tune first, and then according to the tune.

Lyrics are also called "lyrics" and "relying on sound". Quzi Ci originated from Han people, and the works recorded in Dunhuang Quzi Ci are widely used and have random rules. Quoted and standardized by poets such as Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi, in the early Song Dynasty, Quzi Ci formed a relatively fixed rhythm and evolved into Song Ci. After Su Shi, Xin Qiji and others greatly expanded the scope of themes, Song Ci entered a glorious period.