Cherry Planting Techniques: How to Manage and Fertilize in cherry orchard

The suitable planting density of cherry depends on varieties, soil conditions and management level. The row spacing of plants planted on the flat ground should be at least 4m× 5m to avoid premature closure. When planting patches in hilly areas, the spacing between plants should be kept at 3m× 4m. In order to achieve early high yield, close planting can also be used, but not too close. The plant spacing should not be less than 2.5m× 4m, and the shaping method should be changed in time and the length control measures should be strengthened. ?

2? The key to improving survival rate?

(1) Before planting, fully decomposed organic fertilizer and appropriate compound fertilizer should be added to improve tree holes and promote the growth of new roots. ?

(2) It is best to plant after warm spring, that is, when the soil temperature has risen to 10℃, so as to take root in time after planting. ?

(3) After planting cherry trees, water should be immediately covered with plastic film, which is beneficial to the rise of soil temperature and the growth of new roots, to solve the imbalance of water absorption and water distribution as soon as possible, to improve the survival rate, to strengthen early growth and to shorten the slow seedling stage. ?

3? Rational fertilization?

In autumn, basal fertilizer is usually applied in September-165438+10, and should be applied early. The amount of fertilization depends on the yield and soil fertility. Generally, organic fertilizer with 3-4 times of fruit yield is applied, supplemented by appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Topdressing: before flowering, apply urea 1 ~ 1.5 kg to each plant, and spray 0. 1% ~ 0.2% borax and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution at full flowering stage; Fertilization after fruit picking is generally completed in the middle and late June, with urea 0.5 ~ 1 kg or ammonium sulfate 1.5 kg per plant. ?

4? Water management?

Big cherry has shallow roots, is sensitive to water conditions, and is neither drought-resistant nor waterlogging-tolerant. Before flowering, watering should be carried out from cherry germination to flowering, and the irrigation amount should not be too large, so it is advisable to soak the soil for 20 cm. Irrigation before flowering should be carried out in the middle and late March, which can not only meet the needs of trees, but also reduce ground temperature and avoid the harm of late frost. Hard core water should be carried out when the fruit is as big as mung bean, and the irrigation amount should be larger, and it is advisable to soak the soil 50 cm; Pre-harvest watering should be carried out about 10 days before fruit picking, and the irrigation amount should be larger; Water after harvest should be combined with fertilization and irrigation after harvest; After applying base fertilizer in autumn, it is necessary to pour frozen water thoroughly to facilitate the seedlings to overwinter. ?

5? Plastic trimming?

Big cherries are not dry, but have many branches. Generally, the free spindle shape is adopted. The height of the tree is less than 2 meters, the trunk is 50 ~ 60 cm high, and the main branches 15 ~ 20 are distributed in three layers, and the opening angle is 60 ~ 80, which is staggered. ?

60 cm after planting, fix the stem, cut off the second and third buds, and use eye injury to plastic other buds in the belt to promote branching. When cutting in winter that year, the first branch under the cut mouth was 60 cm as the central trunk, and 3 ~ 4 branches with proper direction were selected as the main branches in the plastic belt, and the rest branches were cut or removed again. Before the cherry sprouted, the buds below the middle of the main branch extension head were visually injured. After autumn, pull out all the big branches and open the bottom angle to 60 ~ 80. In the spring of the following year, about 60 cm of the central stem was cut off, and branches were pulled in autumn to cultivate the main branches. Throw away the lower main branches and flattened branches, and when the new shoots grow to 20 cm, leave 15 cm for coring to promote their transformation into medium fruit branches. The pruning method in the third year is basically the same as that in the second year. Pay attention to removing diseased branches, weak branches and over-dense branches, and take new branches in time to promote branch growth or flower bud formation. After the fourth year, we should mainly do a good job of removing the core and pulling the main branches with bad angles to control the vigorous growth and promote the formation of flower buds. ?

6? Pest control?

Cherry pests and diseases are relatively light, and it can be sprayed 3 ~ 4 times a year. The main diseases are leaf spot, perforation and gummosis, and the pests are scarab, mulberry whitefly, bark beetle, leaf miner and so on. Spraying 1 times 5 Baume lime-sulfur mixture on the whole tree before germination in spring to eliminate overwintering pests and germs. Spraying mancozeb 500 times or Bordeaux mixture 200 times in July and August to prevent perforation. In autumn and winter, the orchard should be cleaned as early as possible, and the dead branches, diseased branches and fallen leaves should be buried or burned to eliminate various overwintering pests and diseases. Spray 800 times 50% phoxim EC on the ground in early spring to prevent pests such as scarabs from being unearthed. Spraying pyrethroid pesticides to control pests such as liriomyza sativae in late April.